Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine" in English language version.
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acs.org (Global: 1,248th place; English: 1,104th place)
cen.acs.org
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admin.ch (Global: 279th place; English: 551st place)
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aerzteblatt.de (Global: 3,043rd place; English: low place)
- "STIKO empfiehlt Aspiration bei COVID-19-Impfung als Vorsichtsmaßnahme" [STIKO recommends aspiration for COVID-19 vaccination as precautionary measure]. Deutsches Ärzteblatt (in German). 18 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
Im Tiermodell seien nach direkter intravenöser Gabe eines mRNA-Impfstoffs Perimyokarditiden aufgetreten.
[In an animal model, perimyocarditis had occurred after direct intravenous administration of an mRNA vaccine.]
aifa.gov.it (Global: low place; English: low place)
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alarabiya.net (Global: 598th place; English: 1,085th place)
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aljazeera.com (Global: 268th place; English: 215th place)
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amnesty.org (Global: 1,367th place; English: 1,176th place)
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apnews.com (Global: 129th place; English: 89th place)
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arab.news (Global: 6,427th place; English: 3,981st place)
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arirang.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
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axios.com (Global: 1,716th place; English: 973rd place)
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bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)
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biontech.de (Global: low place; English: low place)
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bloomberg.com (Global: 99th place; English: 77th place)
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- "Deep-freeze hurdle makes Pfizer's vaccine one for the rich". Bloomberg. 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 22 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
Vaccine goes bad five days after thawing, requires two shots; Many nations face costly ramp up of cold-chain infrastructure
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books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)
- Rosales-Mendoza S, Wong-Arse A, de Lourdes Betancourt-Mendiola M (2021). "8. RNA based vaccines against SARS COV-2". In Rosales-Mendoza S, Comas-García M, González-Ortega O (eds.). Biomedical Innovations to Combat COVID-19. London: Academic Press. pp. 129–152. ISBN 978-0-323-90248-9. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
bostonglobe.com (Global: 553rd place; English: 334th place)
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businesstech.co.za (Global: low place; English: 7,461st place)
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businesswire.com (Global: 615th place; English: 407th place)
- "Pfizer and BioNTech Receive U.S. FDA Approval & Authorization for Omicron KP.2-adapted COVID-19 Vaccine". Business Wire (Press release). 22 August 2024. Archived from the original on 26 August 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
canada.ca (Global: 1,712th place; English: 1,063rd place)
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- "Regulatory Decision Summary - Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine". Health Canada. 5 May 2021. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
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cbc.ca (Global: 115th place; English: 82nd place)
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cbsnews.com (Global: 108th place; English: 80th place)
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cdc.gov (Global: 218th place; English: 212th place)
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Mice preimmunized with 2 doses of BNT162b2; boosters given at day 104 post Dose 2 | Vaccines administered at 1 mcg dose level; Wild type, Wuhan-Hu-1; LOD ...
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channelnewsasia.com (Global: 1,127th place; English: 691st place)
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citizen.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
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citynews1130.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
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clinicaltrials.gov (Global: 5,225th place; English: 4,062nd place)
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cnbc.com (Global: 220th place; English: 155th place)
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comirnatyeducation.ie (Global: low place; English: low place)
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doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)
- This is a type of study where researchers recruit two groups: people who test positive for the disease (cases) and those who test negative (controls) (Vandenbroucke 2019). They then survey these individuals for factors which may have affected whether or not they developed the disease (in this case, vaccination status) (Patel 2020). In the case of Lopez Bernal et al, they also assessed which variant each "case" contracted (e.g. alpha [B.1.1.7] or delta [B.1.617.2]) using both RT-PCR testing and whole genome sequencing. To evaluate efficacy, the researchers determined how much less likely a person was to contract each variant based on their vaccination status. In this case, a person who received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine was 93.7% less likely to contract the alpha variant and 88.0% less likely to contract the delta variant, when compared to an unvaccinated person.
- Vandenbroucke JP, Pearce N (November 2019). "Test-Negative Designs: Differences and Commonalities with Other Case-Control Studies with "Other Patient" Controls" (PDF). Epidemiology. 30 (6): 838–844. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000001088. PMID 31430265. S2CID 201117050. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
- Walsh EE, Frenck RW, Falsey AR, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, et al. (October 2020). "Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates". The New England Journal of Medicine. 383 (25): 2439–50. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2027906. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 7583697. PMID 33053279.
- Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. (December 2020). "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine". N Engl J Med. 383 (27): 2603–15. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034577. PMC 7745181. PMID 33301246.
- Lopez Bernal J, Andrews N, Gower C, Gallagher E, Simmons R, Thelwall S, et al. (August 2021). "Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant". The New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (7): 585–594. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2108891. PMC 8314739. PMID 34289274.
- Evans SJ, Jewell NP (August 2021). "Vaccine Effectiveness Studies in the Field". The New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (7): 650–651. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2110605. PMC 8314732. PMID 34289269.
- Fowlkes A, Gaglani M, Groover K, Thiese MS, Tyner H, Ellingson K (27 August 2021). "Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Frontline Workers Before and During B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant Predominance — Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020–August 2021" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70 (34): 1167–9. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e4. PMC 8389394. PMID 34437521. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
- Krause P, Fleming TR, Longini I, Henao-Restrepo AM, Peto R, Dean NE, et al. (12 September 2020). "COVID-19 vaccine trials should seek worthwhile efficacy". The Lancet. 396 (10253): 741–743. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31821-3. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7832749. PMID 32861315.
WHO recommends that successful vaccines should show an estimated risk reduction of at least one-half, with sufficient precision to conclude that the true vaccine efficacy is greater than 30%. This means that the 95% CI for the trial result should exclude efficacy less than 30%. Guidance from the US Food and Drug Administration includes this lower limit of 30% as a criterion for vaccine licensure.
- Khoury DS, Cromer D, Reynaldi A, Schlub TE, Wheatley AK, Juno JA, et al. (May 2021). "Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection". Nature Medicine. 27 (7): 1205–11. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8. hdl:1959.4/105023. PMID 34002089. S2CID 234769053.
- Dagan N, Barda N, Kepten E, Miron O, Perchik S, Katz MA, et al. (April 2021). "BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting". New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (15). Table 2. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2101765. PMC 7944975. PMID 33626250.
- Sheikh A, McMenamin J, Taylor B, Robertson C (14 June 2021). "SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness". The Lancet. 397 (10293). Table S4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01358-1. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 8201647. PMID 34139198.
- Abu-Raddad LJ, Chemaitelly H, Butt AA (5 May 2021). "Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants". New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (2). Table 1. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2104974. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 8117967. PMID 33951357.
- Chung H, He S, Nasreen S, Sundaram ME, Buchan SA, Wilson SE, et al. (August 2021). "Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe covid-19 outcomes in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study". BMJ. 374 n1943. doi:10.1136/bmj.n1943. PMC 8377789. PMID 34417165.
Tables 6 and 7
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- This is a type of study where researchers recruit two groups: people who test positive for the disease (cases) and those who test negative (controls) (Vandenbroucke 2019). They then survey these individuals for factors which may have affected whether or not they developed the disease (in this case, vaccination status) (Patel 2020). In the case of Lopez Bernal et al, they also assessed which variant each "case" contracted (e.g. alpha [B.1.1.7] or delta [B.1.617.2]) using both RT-PCR testing and whole genome sequencing. To evaluate efficacy, the researchers determined how much less likely a person was to contract each variant based on their vaccination status. In this case, a person who received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine was 93.7% less likely to contract the alpha variant and 88.0% less likely to contract the delta variant, when compared to an unvaccinated person.
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- This is a type of study where researchers recruit two groups: people who test positive for the disease (cases) and those who test negative (controls) (Vandenbroucke 2019). They then survey these individuals for factors which may have affected whether or not they developed the disease (in this case, vaccination status) (Patel 2020). In the case of Lopez Bernal et al, they also assessed which variant each "case" contracted (e.g. alpha [B.1.1.7] or delta [B.1.617.2]) using both RT-PCR testing and whole genome sequencing. To evaluate efficacy, the researchers determined how much less likely a person was to contract each variant based on their vaccination status. In this case, a person who received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine was 93.7% less likely to contract the alpha variant and 88.0% less likely to contract the delta variant, when compared to an unvaccinated person.
- Vandenbroucke JP, Pearce N (November 2019). "Test-Negative Designs: Differences and Commonalities with Other Case-Control Studies with "Other Patient" Controls" (PDF). Epidemiology. 30 (6): 838–844. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000001088. PMID 31430265. S2CID 201117050. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
- Walsh EE, Frenck RW, Falsey AR, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, et al. (October 2020). "Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates". The New England Journal of Medicine. 383 (25): 2439–50. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2027906. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 7583697. PMID 33053279.
- Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. (December 2020). "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine". N Engl J Med. 383 (27): 2603–15. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034577. PMC 7745181. PMID 33301246.
- Lopez Bernal J, Andrews N, Gower C, Gallagher E, Simmons R, Thelwall S, et al. (August 2021). "Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant". The New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (7): 585–594. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2108891. PMC 8314739. PMID 34289274.
- Evans SJ, Jewell NP (August 2021). "Vaccine Effectiveness Studies in the Field". The New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (7): 650–651. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2110605. PMC 8314732. PMID 34289269.
- Fowlkes A, Gaglani M, Groover K, Thiese MS, Tyner H, Ellingson K (27 August 2021). "Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Frontline Workers Before and During B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant Predominance — Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020–August 2021" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70 (34): 1167–9. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e4. PMC 8389394. PMID 34437521. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
- Krause P, Fleming TR, Longini I, Henao-Restrepo AM, Peto R, Dean NE, et al. (12 September 2020). "COVID-19 vaccine trials should seek worthwhile efficacy". The Lancet. 396 (10253): 741–743. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31821-3. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7832749. PMID 32861315.
WHO recommends that successful vaccines should show an estimated risk reduction of at least one-half, with sufficient precision to conclude that the true vaccine efficacy is greater than 30%. This means that the 95% CI for the trial result should exclude efficacy less than 30%. Guidance from the US Food and Drug Administration includes this lower limit of 30% as a criterion for vaccine licensure.
- Khoury DS, Cromer D, Reynaldi A, Schlub TE, Wheatley AK, Juno JA, et al. (May 2021). "Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection". Nature Medicine. 27 (7): 1205–11. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8. hdl:1959.4/105023. PMID 34002089. S2CID 234769053.
- Dagan N, Barda N, Kepten E, Miron O, Perchik S, Katz MA, et al. (April 2021). "BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting". New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (15). Table 2. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2101765. PMC 7944975. PMID 33626250.
- Sheikh A, McMenamin J, Taylor B, Robertson C (14 June 2021). "SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in Scotland: demographics, risk of hospital admission, and vaccine effectiveness". The Lancet. 397 (10293). Table S4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01358-1. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 8201647. PMID 34139198.
- Abu-Raddad LJ, Chemaitelly H, Butt AA (5 May 2021). "Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants". New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (2). Table 1. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2104974. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 8117967. PMID 33951357.
- Chung H, He S, Nasreen S, Sundaram ME, Buchan SA, Wilson SE, et al. (August 2021). "Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 covid-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe covid-19 outcomes in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study". BMJ. 374 n1943. doi:10.1136/bmj.n1943. PMC 8377789. PMID 34417165.
Tables 6 and 7
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- Thomas SJ, Moreira ED, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. (September 2021). "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine through 6 Months". The New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (19): 1761–1773. doi:10.1056/nejmoa2110345. PMC 8461570. PMID 34525277.
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- Vogel AB, Kanevsky I, Che Y, Swanson KA, Muik A, Vormehr M, et al. (April 2021). "BNT162b vaccines protect rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2". Nature. 592 (7853): 283–289. Bibcode:2021Natur.592..283V. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03275-y. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 33524990.
- Gaebler C, Nussenzweig MC (October 2020). "All eyes on a hurdle race for a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine". Nature. 586 (7830): 501–2. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..501G. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02926-w. PMID 33077943. S2CID 224808629.
- Pallesen J, Wang N, Corbett KS, Wrapp D, Kirchdoerfer RN, Turner HL, et al. (August 2017). "Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (35): E7348 – E7357. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114E7348P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1707304114. PMC 5584442. PMID 28807998.
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- Mulligan MJ, Lyke KE, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. (October 2020). "Phase I–II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults". Nature. 586 (7830): 589–593. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..589M. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2639-4. PMID 32785213. S2CID 221126922.
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A regional director who was employed at the research organisation Ventavia Research Group has told The BMJ that the company falsified data, unblinded patients, employed inadequately trained vaccinators, and was slow to follow up on adverse events reported
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- Bar-On YM, Goldberg Y, Mandel M, Bodenheimer O, Freedman L, Kalkstein N, et al. (October 2021). "Protection of BNT162b2 Vaccine Booster against Covid-19 in Israel". The New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (15). Table 2. doi:10.1056/nejmoa2114255. PMC 8461568. PMID 34525275.
- "The WHO is right to call a temporary halt to COVID vaccine boosters". Nature (Editorial). 596 (7872): 317. August 2021. Bibcode:2021Natur.596..317.. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-02219-w. PMID 34404945. S2CID 237199262.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Walsh EE, Frenck RW, Falsey AR, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, et al. (October 2020). "Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates". The New England Journal of Medicine. 383 (25): 2439–50. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2027906. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 7583697. PMID 33053279.
- Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, et al. (December 2020). "Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine". N Engl J Med. 383 (27): 2603–15. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2034577. PMC 7745181. PMID 33301246.
- Lopez Bernal J, Andrews N, Gower C, Gallagher E, Simmons R, Thelwall S, et al. (August 2021). "Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant". The New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (7): 585–594. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2108891. PMC 8314739. PMID 34289274.
- Evans SJ, Jewell NP (August 2021). "Vaccine Effectiveness Studies in the Field". The New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (7): 650–651. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2110605. PMC 8314732. PMID 34289269.
- Fowlkes A, Gaglani M, Groover K, Thiese MS, Tyner H, Ellingson K (27 August 2021). "Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Frontline Workers Before and During B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant Predominance — Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020–August 2021" (PDF). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 70 (34): 1167–9. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e4. PMC 8389394. PMID 34437521. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
- Krause P, Fleming TR, Longini I, Henao-Restrepo AM, Peto R, Dean NE, et al. (12 September 2020). "COVID-19 vaccine trials should seek worthwhile efficacy". The Lancet. 396 (10253): 741–743. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31821-3. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7832749. PMID 32861315.
WHO recommends that successful vaccines should show an estimated risk reduction of at least one-half, with sufficient precision to conclude that the true vaccine efficacy is greater than 30%. This means that the 95% CI for the trial result should exclude efficacy less than 30%. Guidance from the US Food and Drug Administration includes this lower limit of 30% as a criterion for vaccine licensure.
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N=8 mice Balb/c mice. Mice preimmunized with 2 doses of BNT162b2; boosters given at day 104 | Pseudovirus neutralization assay; LOD, Limit of Detection
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