Philosophical pessimism (English Wikipedia)

Casey, Myles (2019). "Book Review: Discomfort and Moral Impediment by Julio Cabrera". Dianoia: The Undergraduate Philosophy Journal of Boston College. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Archived from the original on 2024-11-30.

books.google.com

Emil Cioran, On the Heights of Despair (1996), ISBN 978-0-226-10671-7

budsas.org

Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta Archived 2023-10-03 at the Wayback Machine, translated from the Pali version by Bhikkhu Bodhi.

cardiff.ac.uk

orca.cardiff.ac.uk

Hassan, Patrick (2021). "Striving as Suffering: Schopenhauer's A Priori Argument for Pessimism" (PDF). Philosophia. 49 (4): 1487–1505. doi:10.1007/s11406-020-00316-0. S2CID 234157970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-09-01.

centerforreducingsuffering.org

Vinding, Magnus (2022), A Phenomenological Argument Against a Positive Counterpart to Suffering

darwinproject.ac.uk

Darwin, Charles (1860). "'Letter no. 2814' (22 May 1860)". Darwin Correspondence Project.

doi.org

Janaway, Christopher (2021). "Worse Than the Best Possible Pessimism? Olga Plümacher's Critique of Schopenhauer". British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 30 (2): 211–230. doi:10.1080/09608788.2021.1881441. S2CID 233897050.
Simmons, Byron (2021). "A Thousand Pleasures Are Not Worth a Single Pain: The Compensation Argument for Schopenhauer's Pessimism". European Journal of Philosophy. 29 (1): 120–136. doi:10.1111/ejop.12561. Archived from the original on 2023-08-18. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
Prescott, Paul (2012). "What Pessimism Is" (PDF). Journal of Philosophical Research. 37: 337–356. doi:10.5840/jpr20123716. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
Hassan, Patrick (2021). "Striving as Suffering: Schopenhauer's A Priori Argument for Pessimism" (PDF). Philosophia. 49 (4): 1487–1505. doi:10.1007/s11406-020-00316-0. S2CID 234157970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
Hassan, Patrick (2021). "Individual vs. World in Schopenhauer's Pessimism". The Southern Journal of Philosophy. 59 (2): 122–152. doi:10.1111/sjp.12401. S2CID 234303325. Archived from the original on 2023-08-18. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
Janaway, Christopher (2018). "Schopenhauer on the Aimlessness of the Will". British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 26 (2): 331–347. doi:10.1080/09608788.2017.1393619. Archived from the original on 2023-11-05. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
Zapffe, Peter Wessel (2024) [1941]. Showler, Ryan L.; Zapffe, Peter Wessel (eds.). On the Tragic. Translated by Showler, Ryan L. New York: Peter Lang. doi:10.3726/b20965. ISBN 978-1-636-67488-9. LCCN 2023043423.
O'Keefe, Tim (2009). Epicureanism (1st ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315711645. ISBN 978-1-84465-169-6.
Fox, Joshua Isaac (2022). "Does Schopenhauer Accept Any Positive Pleasures?". European Journal of Philosophy. 31 (4): 902–913. doi:10.1111/ejop.12830.
Schopenhauer, Arthur (2018) [1844]. Welchman, Alistair; Janaway, Christopher; Norman, Judith (eds.). The World as Will and Representation. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9780511843112. ISBN 978-0-521-87034-4.
Bather Woods, David (2022). "The Standard Interpretation of Schopenhauer's Compensation Argument for Pessimism: A Non-Standard Variant". European Journal of Philosophy. 30 (3): 961–976. doi:10.1111/ejop.12699.
Dalton, Drew M. (2024). "Pessimism and the Questions of Moral Nihilism and Ethical Quietism: Schopenhauer and Mainländer on the Practical Potencies of Metaphysical Pessimism". Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy. 29 (1): 119–144. doi:10.5840/epoche2024828256.
Dalton, Drew M. (2022). "The Metaphysics of Speculative Materialism: Reckoning with the Fact of Entropy". Philosophy Today. 66 (4): 687–705. doi:10.5840/philtoday2022623456. Archived from the original on 2024-05-12. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
Dalton, Drew M. (2023). "The Unbecoming of Being: Thermodynamics and The Metaphysics and Ethics of Entropic Decay". Technophany, A Journal for Philosophy and Technology. 2 (1): 1–24. doi:10.54195/technophany.14045. Archived from the original on 2024-11-08. Retrieved 2024-11-07.
Fremstedal, Roe (2013). "Meaning of Life: Peter Wessel Zapffe on the Human Condition". On Meaning in Life. pp. 113–128. doi:10.1515/9783110324242.113. ISBN 978-3-11-032389-4. Archived from the original on 2024-11-12. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
Janaway, Christopher (1999). "Schopenhauer's Pessimism". In Janaway, Christopher (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 318–343. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521621062.011. ISBN 978-0521621069.
Schopenhauer, Arthur (2010) [1818]. Welchman, Alistair; Janaway, Christopher; Norman, Judith (eds.). The World as Will and Representation. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511780943. ISBN 978-0-521-87184-6.
Pyszczynski, Tom; Greenberg, Jeff; Solomon, Sheldon; Arndt, Jamie; Schimel, Jeff (2004). "Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review". Psychological Bulletin. 130 (3): 436. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.435. PMID 15122930.
Moen, Ole Martin (2021). "Pessimism Counts in Favor of Biomedical Enhancement: A Lesson from the Anti-Natalist Philosophy of P. W. Zapffe". Neuroethics. 14 (2): 315–325. doi:10.1007/s12152-021-09458-8. Archived from the original on 2023-10-18. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
Cholbi, Michael (2021). "Schopenhauer, Suicide, and Contemporary Pessimism". In Hassan, Patrick (ed.). Schopenhauer's Moral Philosophy. New York: Routledge. pp. 141–159. doi:10.4324/9781003090953-8. ISBN 978-0367547721.
Hwang, Jiwoon (2017). "Why it is Always Better to Cease to Exist". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3184600.
Pedatella, Stefan (2009). "Images of Animal Predation in Giacomo Leopardi's Dialogo della Natura e di un Islandese". Italian Culture. 27 (1): 25–42. doi:10.1179/155909009X401665.
Kahane, Guy (2023). "Was evolution worth it?". Philosophical Studies. 180 (1): 249–271. doi:10.1007/s11098-022-01893-4.
Ng, Yew-Kwang (1995). "Towards welfare biology: Evolutionary economics of animal consciousness and suffering" (PDF). Biology and Philosophy. 10 (3): 255–285. doi:10.1007/bf00852469.
Tomasik, Brian (2015). "The Importance of Wild-Animal Suffering". Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism. 3 (2): 133–152. doi:10.7358/rela-2015-002-toma.
Horta, Oscar (2015). "The Problem of Evil in Nature: Evolutionary Bases of the Prevalence of Disvalue". Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism. 3 (1): 17–32. doi:10.7358/rela-2015-001-hort.
Janaway, Christopher (2022). "Schopenhauer's Consoling View of Death". Essays on Schopenhauer and Nietzsche: Values and the Will of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 116–C6.P52. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198865575.003.0007. ISBN 9780198865575. Archived from the original on 2023-09-26. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
Hassan, Patrick (2024). "James Sully's Psychological Reduction of Philosophical Pessimism" (docx). British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 32 (5). Routledge: 1097–1120. doi:10.1080/09608788.2023.2268125.
Gillham, Alex R. (2021). "Epicurean Tranquility and the Pleasure of Philosophy". Southwest Philosophy Review. 37 (1): 149–158. doi:10.5840/swphilreview202137116.

etymonline.com

"Etymology, origin and meaning of pessimism". etymonline. Archived from the original on 2023-09-28. Retrieved 2023-09-18.

gutenberg.org

Laërtius, Diogenes (2018). The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. Translated by Yonge, Charles Duke. Project Gutenberg. Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2022-12-06.
Pascal, Blaise (2014). Pensées. Translated by Paul, C. Kegan. Project Gutenberg. Archived from the original on 2024-11-08. Retrieved 2024-11-07.
Leopardi, Giacomo (1882). "Dialogue Between Nature and an Icelander". Essays and Dialogues. Translated by Edwardes, Charles. London: Trübner & Co.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Raal, Ludwig (2022). Better Never to Have Been in the Wild: A Case for Weak Wildlife Antinatalism (Master of Philosophy thesis). Stellenbosch University. hdl:10019.1/124595. Archived from the original on 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2023-10-15.

iu.edu

scholarworks.iu.edu

Cooper, David E. (2021). "Buddhism as Pessimism". Journal of World Philosophies. 6 (2): 1–16. Archived from the original on 2023-09-07. Retrieved 2023-09-07.

ledonline.it

Tomasik, Brian (2015). "The Importance of Wild-Animal Suffering". Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism. 3 (2): 133–152. doi:10.7358/rela-2015-002-toma.
Horta, Oscar (2015). "The Problem of Evil in Nature: Evolutionary Bases of the Prevalence of Disvalue". Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism. 3 (1): 17–32. doi:10.7358/rela-2015-001-hort.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Zapffe, Peter Wessel (2024) [1941]. Showler, Ryan L.; Zapffe, Peter Wessel (eds.). On the Tragic. Translated by Showler, Ryan L. New York: Peter Lang. doi:10.3726/b20965. ISBN 978-1-636-67488-9. LCCN 2023043423.

longtermrisk.org

Gloor, Lukas (2017), Tranquilism, Center on Long-Term Risk, archived from the original on 2023-10-08, retrieved 2023-11-01

lu.se

portal.research.lu.se

Brax, David (2003), Rabinowicz, W.; Rönnow-Rasmussen, T. (eds.), "The Intrinsic Value of Pleasure Experiences", Patterns of Value - Essays on Formal Axiology and Value Analysis, retrieved 2025-02-17

mechon-mamre.org

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pyszczynski, Tom; Greenberg, Jeff; Solomon, Sheldon; Arndt, Jamie; Schimel, Jeff (2004). "Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review". Psychological Bulletin. 130 (3): 436. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.435. PMID 15122930.
Luy, Jörg (2006). "The question of a right to life in animal ethics". ALTEX. 23 (4): 279–280. ISSN 1868-596X. PMID 17186111. Archived from the original on 2024-11-30. Retrieved 2024-11-26.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Janaway, Christopher (2022). "Schopenhauer's Consoling View of Death". Essays on Schopenhauer and Nietzsche: Values and the Will of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 116–C6.P52. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198865575.003.0007. ISBN 9780198865575. Archived from the original on 2023-09-26. Retrieved 2023-09-26.

pdcnet.org

Dalton, Drew M. (2022). "The Metaphysics of Speculative Materialism: Reckoning with the Fact of Entropy". Philosophy Today. 66 (4): 687–705. doi:10.5840/philtoday2022623456. Archived from the original on 2024-05-12. Retrieved 2024-11-29.

philarchive.org

Simmons, Byron (2024). "Schopenhauer's Pessimism". In Bather Woods, David; Stoll, Timothy (eds.). The Schopenhauerian Mind. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 282–296. ISBN 9780367501532.
Bather Woods, David (2022). "The Standard Interpretation of Schopenhauer's Compensation Argument for Pessimism: A Non-Standard Variant". European Journal of Philosophy. 30 (3): 961–976. doi:10.1111/ejop.12699.
Fremstedal, Roe (2013). "Meaning of Life: Peter Wessel Zapffe on the Human Condition". On Meaning in Life. pp. 113–128. doi:10.1515/9783110324242.113. ISBN 978-3-11-032389-4. Archived from the original on 2024-11-12. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
Hassan, Patrick (2024). "James Sully's Psychological Reduction of Philosophical Pessimism" (docx). British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 32 (5). Routledge: 1097–1120. doi:10.1080/09608788.2023.2268125.

philosophyandtechnology.network

technophany.philosophyandtechnology.network

Dalton, Drew M. (2023). "The Unbecoming of Being: Thermodynamics and The Metaphysics and Ethics of Entropic Decay". Technophany, A Journal for Philosophy and Technology. 2 (1): 1–24. doi:10.54195/technophany.14045. Archived from the original on 2024-11-08. Retrieved 2024-11-07.

philosophynow.org

Zapffe, Peter Wessel (2004) [1933]. "The Last Messiah". Philosophy Now. No. 45. Translated by Tangenes, Gisle R. pp. 35–39. ISSN 0961-5970. Archived from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
Kidd, Ian James (2020). "Philosophical Misanthropy". Philosophy Now (139). Archived from the original on 2024-03-05. Retrieved 2024-11-12.

philosophyoflife.org

Janning, Finn (December 2014). "True Detective: Pessimism, Buddhism or Philosophy?" (PDF). Journal of Philosophy of Life. 4 (4): 121–141. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-31. Retrieved 2022-12-06.

philpapers.org

Prescott, Paul (2012). "What Pessimism Is" (PDF). Journal of Philosophical Research. 37: 337–356. doi:10.5840/jpr20123716. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
Fremstedal, Roe (2013). "Meaning of Life: Peter Wessel Zapffe on the Human Condition". On Meaning in Life. pp. 113–128. doi:10.1515/9783110324242.113. ISBN 978-3-11-032389-4. Archived from the original on 2024-11-12. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
Gillham, Alex R. (2021). "Epicurean Tranquility and the Pleasure of Philosophy". Southwest Philosophy Review. 37 (1): 149–158. doi:10.5840/swphilreview202137116.
Yosef Z., Liebersohn (2015). "Epicurus' 'Kinetic' and 'Katastematic' Pleasures: A Reappraisal". Elenchos. 36 (2): 271–296. To repeat my contention, katastematic pleasure consists of the process and the result of satisfying a desire to remove pain, i.e. to reach a state of stability. Kinetic pleasure consists in the enjoyment of its own movement, with no ulterior aim such as the removal of pain. Thus, katastematic pleasure is necessary and kinetic pleasure is unnecessary. (...) I agree with Konstan that kinetic pleasures are not necessary but if the axis is removing pain, kinetic pleasures become naturally enough everything which does not remove pain, and this includes first and foremost the continuity of the same action used before to fulfil the lack (keep on eating after hunger has been reomoved). [sic]

researchgate.net

Gajardo, Paolo. (2023). The Ontological Suicide of Philipp Mainländer: A Search for Redemption Through Nothingness Archived 2024-11-22 at the Wayback Machine. 10.1007/978-3-031-28982-8_10.
Pyszczynski, Tom; Greenberg, Jeff; Solomon, Sheldon; Arndt, Jamie; Schimel, Jeff (2004). "Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review". Psychological Bulletin. 130 (3): 436. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.435. PMID 15122930.

routledge.com

O'Keefe, Tim (2009). Epicureanism (1st ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315711645. ISBN 978-1-84465-169-6.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Janaway, Christopher (2021). "Worse Than the Best Possible Pessimism? Olga Plümacher's Critique of Schopenhauer". British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 30 (2): 211–230. doi:10.1080/09608788.2021.1881441. S2CID 233897050.
Hassan, Patrick (2021). "Striving as Suffering: Schopenhauer's A Priori Argument for Pessimism" (PDF). Philosophia. 49 (4): 1487–1505. doi:10.1007/s11406-020-00316-0. S2CID 234157970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
Hassan, Patrick (2021). "Individual vs. World in Schopenhauer's Pessimism". The Southern Journal of Philosophy. 59 (2): 122–152. doi:10.1111/sjp.12401. S2CID 234303325. Archived from the original on 2023-08-18. Retrieved 2023-08-18.

simonknutsson.com

Knutsson, Simon (2022), Undisturbedness as the Hedonic Ceiling, archived from the original on 2023-10-31, retrieved 2023-10-31

soton.ac.uk

eprints.soton.ac.uk

Janaway, Christopher (2018). "Schopenhauer on the Aimlessness of the Will". British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 26 (2): 331–347. doi:10.1080/09608788.2017.1393619. Archived from the original on 2023-11-05. Retrieved 2023-11-05.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Moen, Ole Martin (2021). "Pessimism Counts in Favor of Biomedical Enhancement: A Lesson from the Anti-Natalist Philosophy of P. W. Zapffe". Neuroethics. 14 (2): 315–325. doi:10.1007/s12152-021-09458-8. Archived from the original on 2023-10-18. Retrieved 2024-11-29.

stafforini.com

Ng, Yew-Kwang (1995). "Towards welfare biology: Evolutionary economics of animal consciousness and suffering" (PDF). Biology and Philosophy. 10 (3): 255–285. doi:10.1007/bf00852469.

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

Wicks, Robert (2021). "Arthur Schopenhauer". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2021 ed.).

suttacentral.net

Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta Archived 2024-11-10 at the Wayback Machine, translated from the Pali version by Bhikkhu Sujato.

unb.br

repositorio.unb.br

Cabrera, Julio (2020). La Forma del Mundo: Ensayo sobre la muerte del ser. Elementos de Metafilosofía Primera [The Form Of The World: Essay on the death of being. Elements of the First Metaphilosophy.] (in Spanish). Ed. do Autor. pp. 19–23. ISBN 978-6500084023. Archived from the original on 2025-04-14.
Cabrera, Julio; Di Santis, Thiago Lenharo (2009). Porque te amo não nascerás! : Nascituri te salutant. LGE Editora. ISBN 978-8572384087. Archived from the original on 2025-04-14. Retrieved 2025-04-14.

uni-mainz.de

philosophie-e.fb05.uni-mainz.de

Metzinger, Thomas (2017). "Suffering" (PDF). In Almqvist, Kurt; Haag, Anders (eds.). The Return of Consciousness. Stockholm: Axel and Margaret Ax:son Johnson Foundation. pp. 237–262. ISBN 978-91-89672-90-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

usc.gal

revistas.usc.gal

Horta, Oscar (2010). "Debunking the idyllic view of natural processes: Population dynamics and suffering in the wild". Télos. Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios Utilitaristas. 17 (1).

vulture.com

Patches, Matt (2014-02-28). "Ask a Philosopher: What's Up With True Detective's Rust Cohle?". Vulture-us. Archived from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2022-12-06.

web.archive.org

"Etymology, origin and meaning of pessimism". etymonline. Archived from the original on 2023-09-28. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
Simmons, Byron (2021). "A Thousand Pleasures Are Not Worth a Single Pain: The Compensation Argument for Schopenhauer's Pessimism". European Journal of Philosophy. 29 (1): 120–136. doi:10.1111/ejop.12561. Archived from the original on 2023-08-18. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
Prescott, Paul (2012). "What Pessimism Is" (PDF). Journal of Philosophical Research. 37: 337–356. doi:10.5840/jpr20123716. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
Hassan, Patrick (2021). "Striving as Suffering: Schopenhauer's A Priori Argument for Pessimism" (PDF). Philosophia. 49 (4): 1487–1505. doi:10.1007/s11406-020-00316-0. S2CID 234157970. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
Hassan, Patrick (2021). "Individual vs. World in Schopenhauer's Pessimism". The Southern Journal of Philosophy. 59 (2): 122–152. doi:10.1111/sjp.12401. S2CID 234303325. Archived from the original on 2023-08-18. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
Cooper, David E. (2021). "Buddhism as Pessimism". Journal of World Philosophies. 6 (2): 1–16. Archived from the original on 2023-09-07. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
Laërtius, Diogenes (2018). The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. Translated by Yonge, Charles Duke. Project Gutenberg. Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2022-12-06.
Janaway, Christopher (2018). "Schopenhauer on the Aimlessness of the Will". British Journal for the History of Philosophy. 26 (2): 331–347. doi:10.1080/09608788.2017.1393619. Archived from the original on 2023-11-05. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
Zapffe, Peter Wessel (2004) [1933]. "The Last Messiah". Philosophy Now. No. 45. Translated by Tangenes, Gisle R. pp. 35–39. ISSN 0961-5970. Archived from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta Archived 2023-10-03 at the Wayback Machine, translated from the Pali version by Bhikkhu Bodhi.
Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta Archived 2024-11-10 at the Wayback Machine, translated from the Pali version by Bhikkhu Sujato.
Dhammapada, Chapter XX (The Path) Archived 2006-07-08 at the Wayback Machine, translated from the Pali version by Acharya Buddharakkhita.
Knutsson, Simon (2022), Undisturbedness as the Hedonic Ceiling, archived from the original on 2023-10-31, retrieved 2023-10-31
Gloor, Lukas (2017), Tranquilism, Center on Long-Term Risk, archived from the original on 2023-10-08, retrieved 2023-11-01
Cabrera, Julio (2020). La Forma del Mundo: Ensayo sobre la muerte del ser. Elementos de Metafilosofía Primera [The Form Of The World: Essay on the death of being. Elements of the First Metaphilosophy.] (in Spanish). Ed. do Autor. pp. 19–23. ISBN 978-6500084023. Archived from the original on 2025-04-14.
Casey, Myles (2019). "Book Review: Discomfort and Moral Impediment by Julio Cabrera". Dianoia: The Undergraduate Philosophy Journal of Boston College. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Archived from the original on 2024-11-30.
Dalton, Drew M. (2022). "The Metaphysics of Speculative Materialism: Reckoning with the Fact of Entropy". Philosophy Today. 66 (4): 687–705. doi:10.5840/philtoday2022623456. Archived from the original on 2024-05-12. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
Dalton, Drew M. (2023). "The Unbecoming of Being: Thermodynamics and The Metaphysics and Ethics of Entropic Decay". Technophany, A Journal for Philosophy and Technology. 2 (1): 1–24. doi:10.54195/technophany.14045. Archived from the original on 2024-11-08. Retrieved 2024-11-07.
Pascal, Blaise (2014). Pensées. Translated by Paul, C. Kegan. Project Gutenberg. Archived from the original on 2024-11-08. Retrieved 2024-11-07.
Cabrera, Julio; Di Santis, Thiago Lenharo (2009). Porque te amo não nascerás! : Nascituri te salutant. LGE Editora. ISBN 978-8572384087. Archived from the original on 2025-04-14. Retrieved 2025-04-14.
Fremstedal, Roe (2013). "Meaning of Life: Peter Wessel Zapffe on the Human Condition". On Meaning in Life. pp. 113–128. doi:10.1515/9783110324242.113. ISBN 978-3-11-032389-4. Archived from the original on 2024-11-12. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
Gajardo, Paolo. (2023). The Ontological Suicide of Philipp Mainländer: A Search for Redemption Through Nothingness Archived 2024-11-22 at the Wayback Machine. 10.1007/978-3-031-28982-8_10.
Moen, Ole Martin (2021). "Pessimism Counts in Favor of Biomedical Enhancement: A Lesson from the Anti-Natalist Philosophy of P. W. Zapffe". Neuroethics. 14 (2): 315–325. doi:10.1007/s12152-021-09458-8. Archived from the original on 2023-10-18. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
Raal, Ludwig (2022). Better Never to Have Been in the Wild: A Case for Weak Wildlife Antinatalism (Master of Philosophy thesis). Stellenbosch University. hdl:10019.1/124595. Archived from the original on 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
Luy, Jörg (2006). "The question of a right to life in animal ethics". ALTEX. 23 (4): 279–280. ISSN 1868-596X. PMID 17186111. Archived from the original on 2024-11-30. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
Kidd, Ian James (2020). "Philosophical Misanthropy". Philosophy Now (139). Archived from the original on 2024-03-05. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
Janaway, Christopher (2022). "Schopenhauer's Consoling View of Death". Essays on Schopenhauer and Nietzsche: Values and the Will of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 116–C6.P52. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198865575.003.0007. ISBN 9780198865575. Archived from the original on 2023-09-26. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
Patches, Matt (2014-02-28). "Ask a Philosopher: What's Up With True Detective's Rust Cohle?". Vulture-us. Archived from the original on 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2022-12-06.
Janning, Finn (December 2014). "True Detective: Pessimism, Buddhism or Philosophy?" (PDF). Journal of Philosophy of Life. 4 (4): 121–141. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-31. Retrieved 2022-12-06.
Calia, Michael (2014-02-02). "Writer Nic Pizzolatto on Thomas Ligotti and the Weird Secrets of 'True Detective'". WSJ-US. Archived from the original on 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2020-05-31.

wikisource.org

en.wikisource.org

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hartmann, Karl Robert Eduard von" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Grace Neal Dolson (1920). "Hartmann, Karl Robert Edouard von" . In Rines, George Edwin (ed.). Encyclopedia Americana.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Simmons, Byron (2021). "A Thousand Pleasures Are Not Worth a Single Pain: The Compensation Argument for Schopenhauer's Pessimism". European Journal of Philosophy. 29 (1): 120–136. doi:10.1111/ejop.12561. Archived from the original on 2023-08-18. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
Hassan, Patrick (2021). "Individual vs. World in Schopenhauer's Pessimism". The Southern Journal of Philosophy. 59 (2): 122–152. doi:10.1111/sjp.12401. S2CID 234303325. Archived from the original on 2023-08-18. Retrieved 2023-08-18.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Hutin, Serge (1978) [1958]. "Chapter 2: Misère de l'homme". Les Gnostiques. Que sais-je? (in French) (4th ed.). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. OCLC 9258403.
Zapffe, Peter Wessel (2004) [1933]. "The Last Messiah". Philosophy Now. No. 45. Translated by Tangenes, Gisle R. pp. 35–39. ISSN 0961-5970. Archived from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
Huisman, Denis (2002). Histoire de la philosophie française [History of French Philosophy] (in French). Paris: Perrin. ISBN 978-2262016999. OCLC 473902784.
Luy, Jörg (2006). "The question of a right to life in animal ethics". ALTEX. 23 (4): 279–280. ISSN 1868-596X. PMID 17186111. Archived from the original on 2024-11-30. Retrieved 2024-11-26.

wsj.com

blogs.wsj.com

Calia, Michael (2014-02-02). "Writer Nic Pizzolatto on Thomas Ligotti and the Weird Secrets of 'True Detective'". WSJ-US. Archived from the original on 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2020-05-31.