Berta, A. & Churchill, M. (2012). "Pinniped Taxonomy: evidence for species and subspecies". Mammal Review. 42 (3): 207–234. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00193.x.
Sullivan, R. M. (1981). "Aquatic Displays and Interactions in Harbor Seals, Phoca vitulina, with Comments on Mating Systems". Journal of Mammalogy. 62 (4): 825–831. doi:10.2307/1380606. JSTOR1380606.
Van Parijs, S. M.; Hastie, G. D.; Thompson, P. M. (1999). "Geographical variation in temporal and spatial vocalization patterns of male harbour seals in the mating season". Animal Behaviour. 58 (6): 1231–1239. doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1258. PMID10600144.
Hayes, Sean A.; Costa, Daniel P.; Harvey, James T.; Boeuf, BURNEY J. (2004-07-01). "Aquatic Mating Strategies of the Male Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina Richardii): Are Males Defending the Hotspot?". Marine Mammal Science. 20 (3): 639–656. Bibcode:2004MMamS..20..639H. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01184.x. ISSN1748-7692.
van Parijs, S. M.; Thompson, P. M.; Tollit, D. J.; Mackay, A. (1997). "Distribution and activity of male harbor seals during the mating season". Animal Behaviour. 54 (1): 35–43. doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0426. PMID9268433.
van Parijs, S. M.; Janik, V. M.; Thompson, P. M. (2000). "Display-area size, tenure length, and site fidelity in the aquatically mating male harbour seal, Phoca vitulina". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 78 (12): 2209–2217. doi:10.1139/cjz-78-12-2209.
Coltman, D. W.; Bowen, W. D.; Wright, J. M. (1998). "Male mating success in an aquatically mating pinniped, the harbour seal (Phocu vitulina), assessed by micro- satellite DNA markers". Molecular Ecology. 7 (5): 627–638. Bibcode:1998MolEc...7..627C. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00373.x. PMID9633104.
Hanggi, E. B.; Schusterman, R. J. (1994). "Underwater acoustic displays and individual variation in male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina". Animal Behaviour. 48 (6): 1275–1283. doi:10.1006/anbe.1994.1363.
Van Parijs, Sofie M; Kovacs, Kit M (2002-07-01). "In-air and underwater vocalizations of eastern Canadian harbour seals, Phoca vitulina". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80 (7): 1173–1179. doi:10.1139/z02-088. ISSN0008-4301.
Hayes, Sean A.; Kumar, Anurag; Costa, Daniel P.; Mellinger, David K.; Harvey, James T.; Southall, Brandon L.; Boeuf, Burney J. Le (2004). "Evaluating the function of the male harbour seal, Phoca vitulina , roar through playback experiments". Animal Behaviour. 67 (6): 1133–1139. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.06.019.
Sullivan, R. M. (1982). "Agonistic behavior and dominance relationships in the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina". Journal of Mammalogy. 63 (4): 554–569. doi:10.2307/1380260. JSTOR1380260.
Beier, J. C.; Wartzok, D. (1979). "Mating behavior of captive spotted seals (Phoca largha)". Animal Behaviour. 27: 772–781. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(79)90013-7.
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harvard.edu
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu
Hayes, Sean A.; Costa, Daniel P.; Harvey, James T.; Boeuf, BURNEY J. (2004-07-01). "Aquatic Mating Strategies of the Male Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina Richardii): Are Males Defending the Hotspot?". Marine Mammal Science. 20 (3): 639–656. Bibcode:2004MMamS..20..639H. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01184.x. ISSN1748-7692.
Coltman, D. W.; Bowen, W. D.; Wright, J. M. (1998). "Male mating success in an aquatically mating pinniped, the harbour seal (Phocu vitulina), assessed by micro- satellite DNA markers". Molecular Ecology. 7 (5): 627–638. Bibcode:1998MolEc...7..627C. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00373.x. PMID9633104.
jstor.org
Sullivan, R. M. (1981). "Aquatic Displays and Interactions in Harbor Seals, Phoca vitulina, with Comments on Mating Systems". Journal of Mammalogy. 62 (4): 825–831. doi:10.2307/1380606. JSTOR1380606.
Sullivan, R. M. (1982). "Agonistic behavior and dominance relationships in the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina". Journal of Mammalogy. 63 (4): 554–569. doi:10.2307/1380260. JSTOR1380260.
Burns, J. J.; Ray, G. C.; Fay, F. H.; Shaughnessy, P. D. (1972). "Adoption of a strange pup by the ice-inhabiting harbour seal, Phoca vitulina largha". Journal of Mammalogy. 53 (3): 594–598. doi:10.2307/1379048. JSTOR1379048.
nih.gov
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Van Parijs, S. M.; Hastie, G. D.; Thompson, P. M. (1999). "Geographical variation in temporal and spatial vocalization patterns of male harbour seals in the mating season". Animal Behaviour. 58 (6): 1231–1239. doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1258. PMID10600144.
van Parijs, S. M.; Thompson, P. M.; Tollit, D. J.; Mackay, A. (1997). "Distribution and activity of male harbor seals during the mating season". Animal Behaviour. 54 (1): 35–43. doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0426. PMID9268433.
Coltman, D. W.; Bowen, W. D.; Wright, J. M. (1998). "Male mating success in an aquatically mating pinniped, the harbour seal (Phocu vitulina), assessed by micro- satellite DNA markers". Molecular Ecology. 7 (5): 627–638. Bibcode:1998MolEc...7..627C. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00373.x. PMID9633104.
worldcat.org
search.worldcat.org
Hayes, Sean A.; Costa, Daniel P.; Harvey, James T.; Boeuf, BURNEY J. (2004-07-01). "Aquatic Mating Strategies of the Male Pacific Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina Richardii): Are Males Defending the Hotspot?". Marine Mammal Science. 20 (3): 639–656. Bibcode:2004MMamS..20..639H. doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01184.x. ISSN1748-7692.
Van Parijs, Sofie M; Kovacs, Kit M (2002-07-01). "In-air and underwater vocalizations of eastern Canadian harbour seals, Phoca vitulina". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80 (7): 1173–1179. doi:10.1139/z02-088. ISSN0008-4301.