Photon (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Photon" in English language version.

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aip.org (Global: 2,204^th place; English: 1,735^th place)

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Compton, Arthur (1923). "A quantum theory of the scattering of X-rays by light elements". Physical Review. 21 (5): 483–502. Bibcode:1923PhRv...21..483C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.21.483. Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2020-11-08.

aps.org (Global: 1,503^rd place; English: 1,378^th place)

link.aps.org

Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff; Nieto, Michael Martin (2010-03-23). "Photon and graviton mass limits". Reviews of Modern Physics. 82 (1): 939–979. arXiv:0809.1003. Bibcode:2010RvMP...82..939G. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.939. ISSN 0034-6861. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Heeck, Julian (2013-07-11). "How Stable is the Photon?". Physical Review Letters. 111 (2) 021801. arXiv:1304.2821. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111b1801H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.021801. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 23889385. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.

aps.org

"December 18, 1926: Gilbert Lewis coins "photon" in letter to Nature". www.aps.org. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2019-03-09.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Halliday, David; Resnick, Robert; Walker, Jerl (2005). Fundamental of Physics (7th ed.). John Wiley and Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-23231-5.
Rothman, T. (2003). Everything's Relative and Other Fables in Science and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-20257-8.
Pais, A. (1982). Subtle is the Lord: The science and the life of Albert Einstein. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-853907-0.
Planck, Max (1922). "via Google Books". The Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory. Clarendon Press – via Internet Archive (archive.org, 2007-03-01).
Taylor, G. I. (1909). "Interference Fringes with Feeble Light". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 15: 114. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
Landau, Lev D.; Lifschitz, Evgeny M. (1977). Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory. Vol. 3 (3rd ed.). Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-020940-1. OCLC 2284121.
Itzykson, C.; Zuber, J.-B. (1980). Quantum Field Theory. McGraw-Hill. Photon–photon-scattering section 7–3–1, renormalization chapter 8–2. ISBN 978-0-07-032071-0.
E.g., chapter 14 in Hughes, I.S. (1985). Elementary particles (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26092-3.
Radiative correction to electron mass section 7–1–2, anomalous magnetic moments section 7–2–1, Lamb shift section 7–3–2 and hyperfine splitting in positronium section 10–3 in Itzykson, C.; Zuber, J.-B. (1980). Quantum Field Theory. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-032071-0.
Waymouth, John (1971). Electric Discharge Lamps. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The M.I.T. Press. ISBN 978-0-262-23048-3.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Kragh, Helge (2014). "Photon: New light on an old name". arXiv:1401.0293 [physics.hist-ph].
Kobychev, V. V.; Popov, S. B. (2005). "Constraints on the photon charge from observations of extragalactic sources". Astronomy Letters. 31 (3): 147–151. arXiv:hep-ph/0411398. Bibcode:2005AstL...31..147K. doi:10.1134/1.1883345. S2CID 119409823.
Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff; Nieto, Michael Martin (2010-03-23). "Photon and graviton mass limits". Reviews of Modern Physics. 82 (1): 939–979. arXiv:0809.1003. Bibcode:2010RvMP...82..939G. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.939. ISSN 0034-6861. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Heeck, Julian (2013-07-11). "How Stable is the Photon?". Physical Review Letters. 111 (2) 021801. arXiv:1304.2821. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111b1801H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.021801. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 23889385. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Adelberger, Eric; Dvali, Gia; Gruzinov, Andrei (2007). "Photon-Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices". Physical Review Letters. 98 (1) 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459. S2CID 31249827.
Busch, Paul; Lahti, Pekka; Werner, Reinhard F. (2013-10-17). "Proof of Heisenberg's Error-Disturbance Relation" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 111 (16) 160405. arXiv:1306.1565. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111p0405B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.160405. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 24182239. S2CID 24507489.
Appleby, David Marcus (2016-05-06). "Quantum Errors and Disturbances: Response to Busch, Lahti and Werner". Entropy. 18 (5): 174. arXiv:1602.09002. Bibcode:2016Entrp..18..174A. doi:10.3390/e18050174.
Weiglein, G. (2008). "Electroweak Physics at the ILC". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 110 (4) 042033. arXiv:0711.3003. Bibcode:2008JPhCS.110d2033W. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/110/4/042033. S2CID 118517359.
Nisius, R. (2000). "The photon structure from deep inelastic electron–photon scattering". Physics Reports. 332 (4–6): 165–317. arXiv:hep-ex/9912049. Bibcode:2000PhR...332..165N. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00115-5. S2CID 119437227.
Jennewein, T.; Achleitner, U.; Weihs, G.; Weinfurter, H.; Zeilinger, A. (2000). "A fast and compact quantum random number generator". Review of Scientific Instruments. 71 (4): 1675–1680. arXiv:quant-ph/9912118. Bibcode:2000RScI...71.1675J. doi:10.1063/1.1150518. S2CID 13118587.
Liang, Qi-Yu; et al. (16 February 2018). "Observation of three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium". Science. 359 (6377): 783–786. arXiv:1709.01478. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..783L. doi:10.1126/science.aao7293. PMC 6467536. PMID 29449489.

atomicheritage.org (Global: 6,868^th place; English: 7,977^th place)

"Gilbert N. Lewis". Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 2015-04-16. Retrieved 2019-03-09.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Schwartz, Matthew D. (2014). Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model. Cambridge University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-107-03473-0.
"Role as gauge boson and polarization" §5.1 in Aitchison, I.J.R.; Hey, A.J.G. (1993). Gauge Theories in Particle Physics. IOP Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85274-328-7. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
Born, Max; Blin-Stoyle, Roger John; Radcliffe, J. M. (1989). "Appendix XXXII". Atomic Physics. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-65984-8.
Descartes, René (1637). Discours de la méthode (Discourse on Method) (in French). Imprimerie de Ian Maire. ISBN 978-0-268-00870-3. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Newton, Isaac (1952) [1730]. Opticks (4th ed.). Dover, New York: Dover Publications. Book II, Part III, Propositions XII–XX; Queries 25–29. ISBN 978-0-486-60205-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Buchwald, J. Z. (1989). "The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical theory and experiment in the early nineteenth century". Physics Today. 43 (4). University of Chicago Press: 78–80. Bibcode:1990PhT....43d..78B. doi:10.1063/1.2810533. ISBN 978-0-226-07886-1. OCLC 18069573.
Planck, Max (1922). "via Google Books". The Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory. Clarendon Press – via Internet Archive (archive.org, 2007-03-01).
Liddle, Andrew (2015). An Introduction to Modern Cosmology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-118-69025-3. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
Scully, M. O.; Zubairy, M. S. (1997). Quantum Optics. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43595-6. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
Pais, A. (1986). Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World. Oxford University Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-19-851997-3. Specifically, Born claimed to have been inspired by Einstein's never-published attempts to develop a "ghost-field" theory, in which point-like photons are guided probabilistically by ghost fields that follow Maxwell's equations.
Ryder, L. H. (1996). Quantum field theory (2nd ed.). England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47814-4.
E.g. sections 9.1 (gravitational contribution of photons) and 10.5 (influence of gravity on light) in Stephani, H.; Stewart, J. (1990). General Relativity: An Introduction to the Theory of Gravitational Field. Cambridge University Press. pp. 86 ff, 108 ff. ISBN 978-0-521-37941-0.
Koupelis, Theo; Kuhn, Karl F. (2007). In Quest of the Universe. Jones and Bartlett Canada. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-7637-4387-1. Archived from the original on 2024-05-12. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
Lakowicz, J. R. (2006). Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Springer. pp. 529 ff. ISBN 978-0-387-31278-1.
Introductory-level material on the various sub-fields of quantum optics can be found in Fox, M. (2006). Quantum Optics: An introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-856673-1 – via Google Books.

caltech.edu (Global: 887^th place; English: 714^th place)

authors.library.caltech.edu

Kimble, H.J.; Dagenais, M.; Mandel, L. (1977). "Photon Anti-bunching in Resonance Fluorescence" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 39 (11): 691–695. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..39..691K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.691. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2019-01-03.

cern.ch (Global: 1,959^th place; English: 1,611^th place)

cds.cern.ch

Newton, T.D.; Wigner, E.P. (1949). "Localized states for elementary particles" (PDF). Reviews of Modern Physics. 21 (3): 400–406. Bibcode:1949RvMP...21..400N. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.400. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-06-21.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Amsler, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2008). "Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1): 1. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. hdl:1854/LU-685594. S2CID 227119789. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
Kimble, H.J.; Dagenais, M.; Mandel, L. (1977). "Photon Anti-bunching in Resonance Fluorescence" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 39 (11): 691–695. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..39..691K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.691. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2019-01-03.
Grangier, P.; Roger, G.; Aspect, A. (1986). "Experimental Evidence for a Photon Anticorrelation Effect on a Beam Splitter: A New Light on Single-Photon Interferences". Europhysics Letters. 1 (4): 173–179. Bibcode:1986EL......1..173G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.178.4356. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/1/4/004. S2CID 250837011.
Kobychev, V. V.; Popov, S. B. (2005). "Constraints on the photon charge from observations of extragalactic sources". Astronomy Letters. 31 (3): 147–151. arXiv:hep-ph/0411398. Bibcode:2005AstL...31..147K. doi:10.1134/1.1883345. S2CID 119409823.
Tu, Liang-Cheng; Luo, Jun; Gillies, George T (2005-01-01). "The mass of the photon". Reports on Progress in Physics. 68 (1): 77–130. Bibcode:2005RPPh...68...77T. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/68/1/R02. ISSN 0034-4885.
Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff; Nieto, Michael Martin (2010-03-23). "Photon and graviton mass limits". Reviews of Modern Physics. 82 (1): 939–979. arXiv:0809.1003. Bibcode:2010RvMP...82..939G. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.939. ISSN 0034-6861. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Heeck, Julian (2013-07-11). "How Stable is the Photon?". Physical Review Letters. 111 (2) 021801. arXiv:1304.2821. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111b1801H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.021801. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 23889385. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Amsler, C.; et al. (2008). "Review of Particle Physics" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1–5): 31. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. hdl:1854/LU-685594. PMID 10020536. S2CID 227119789. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-01. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
Raman, C. V.; Bhagavantam, S. (1931). "Experimental proof of the spin of the photon" (PDF). Indian Journal of Physics. 6 (3244): 353. Bibcode:1932Natur.129...22R. doi:10.1038/129022a0. hdl:10821/664. S2CID 4064852. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
Mermin, David (February 1984). "Relativity without light". American Journal of Physics. 52 (2): 119–124. Bibcode:1984AmJPh..52..119M. doi:10.1119/1.13917.
Plimpton, S.; Lawton, W. (1936). "A Very Accurate Test of Coulomb's Law of Force Between Charges". Physical Review. 50 (11): 1066. Bibcode:1936PhRv...50.1066P. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.50.1066.
Williams, E.; Faller, J.; Hill, H. (1971). "New Experimental Test of Coulomb's Law: A Laboratory Upper Limit on the Photon Rest Mass". Physical Review Letters. 26 (12): 721. Bibcode:1971PhRvL..26..721W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.26.721.
Chibisov, G. V. (1976). "Astrophysical upper limits on the photon rest mass". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 19 (7): 624. Bibcode:1976SvPhU..19..624C. doi:10.1070/PU1976v019n07ABEH005277.
Lakes, Roderic (1998). "Experimental Limits on the Photon Mass and Cosmic Magnetic Vector Potential". Physical Review Letters. 80 (9): 1826. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.1826L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1826.
Amsler, C; Doser, M; Antonelli, M; Asner, D; Babu, K; Baer, H; Band, H; Barnett, R; et al. (2008). "Review of Particle Physics⁎" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1–5): 1. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. hdl:1854/LU-685594. S2CID 227119789. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-01. Retrieved 2017-10-26. Summary Table Archived 2010-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
Adelberger, Eric; Dvali, Gia; Gruzinov, Andrei (2007). "Photon-Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices". Physical Review Letters. 98 (1) 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459. S2CID 31249827.
Buchwald, J. Z. (1989). "The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical theory and experiment in the early nineteenth century". Physics Today. 43 (4). University of Chicago Press: 78–80. Bibcode:1990PhT....43d..78B. doi:10.1063/1.2810533. ISBN 978-0-226-07886-1. OCLC 18069573.
Maxwell, James Clerk (1865). "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 155: 459–512. Bibcode:1865RSPT..155..459M. doi:10.1098/rstl.1865.0008. S2CID 186207827. This article followed a presentation by Maxwell on 8 December 1864 to the Royal Society.
Planck, Max (1901). "Über das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum". Annalen der Physik (in German). 4 (3): 553–563. Bibcode:1901AnP...309..553P. doi:10.1002/andp.19013090310. English translation
Einstein, Albert (1905). "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" (PDF). Annalen der Physik (in German). 17 (6): 132–148. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..132E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220607. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2010-08-25. According to this picture, the energy of a light wave emitted from a point source is not spread continuously over ever larger volumes, but consists of a finite number of energy quanta that are spatially localized at points of space, move without dividing and are absorbed or generated only as a whole. An English translation is available from Wikisource.
Hendry, J. (1980). "The development of attitudes to the wave–particle duality of light and quantum theory, 1900–1920". Annals of Science. 37 (1): 59–79. doi:10.1080/00033798000200121.
Compton, Arthur (1923). "A quantum theory of the scattering of X-rays by light elements". Physical Review. 21 (5): 483–502. Bibcode:1923PhRv...21..483C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.21.483. Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
Bohr, Niels; Kramers, Hendrik Anthony; Slater, John C. (1924). "The Quantum Theory of Radiation". Philosophical Magazine. 47 (281): 785–802. doi:10.1080/14786442408565262. Also Zeitschrift für Physik (in German), 24, p. 69 (1924).
Howard, Don (December 2004). "Who Invented the "Copenhagen Interpretation"? A Study in Mythology". Philosophy of Science. 71 (5): 669–682. doi:10.1086/425941. ISSN 0031-8248. JSTOR 10.1086/425941. S2CID 9454552.
Mandel, Leonard (1976). Wolf, E. (ed.). II the Case for and Against Semiclassical Radiation Theory. Progress in Optics. Vol. 13. North-Holland. pp. 27–69. Bibcode:1976PrOpt..13...27M. doi:10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70018-0. ISBN 978-0-444-10806-7. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Grangier, P.; Roger, G.; Aspect, A. (1986). "Experimental evidence for a photon anticorrelation effect on a beam splitter: A new light on single-photon interferences". Europhysics Letters. 1 (4): 173–179. Bibcode:1986EL......1..173G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.178.4356. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/1/4/004. S2CID 250837011.
Thorn, J.J.; Neel, M.S.; Donato, V.W.; Bergreen, G.S.; Davies, R.E.; Beck, M. (2004). "Observing the quantum behavior of light in an undergraduate laboratory" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 72 (9): 1210–1219. Bibcode:2004AmJPh..72.1210T. doi:10.1119/1.1737397. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-02-01. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
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Lewis, Gilbert N. (18 December 1926). "The conservation of photons". Nature. 118 (2981): 874–875. Bibcode:1926Natur.118..874L. doi:10.1038/118874a0. eISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4110026.
Rutherford, Ernest; Andrade, Edward N.C. (1914). "The wavelength of the soft gamma rays from Radium B". Philosophical Magazine. 27 (161): 854–868. doi:10.1080/14786440508635156. Archived from the original on 2020-03-08. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
Newton, T.D.; Wigner, E.P. (1949). "Localized states for elementary particles" (PDF). Reviews of Modern Physics. 21 (3): 400–406. Bibcode:1949RvMP...21..400N. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.400. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
Bialynicki-Birula, I. (1994). "On the wave function of the photon". Acta Physica Polonica A. 86 (1–2): 97–116. Bibcode:1994AcPPA..86...97B. doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.86.97.
Sipe, J.E. (1995). "Photon wave functions". Physical Review A. 52 (3): 1875–1883. Bibcode:1995PhRvA..52.1875S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.52.1875. PMID 9912446.
Bialynicki-Birula, I. (1996). V Photon Wave Function. Progress in Optics. Vol. 36. pp. 245–294. Bibcode:1996PrOpt..36..245B. doi:10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70316-0. ISBN 978-0-444-82530-8. S2CID 17695022. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Busch, Paul; Lahti, Pekka; Werner, Reinhard F. (2013-10-17). "Proof of Heisenberg's Error-Disturbance Relation" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 111 (16) 160405. arXiv:1306.1565. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111p0405B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.160405. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 24182239. S2CID 24507489.
Appleby, David Marcus (2016-05-06). "Quantum Errors and Disturbances: Response to Busch, Lahti and Werner". Entropy. 18 (5): 174. arXiv:1602.09002. Bibcode:2016Entrp..18..174A. doi:10.3390/e18050174.
Busch, P.; Grabowski, M.; Lahti, P. J. (January 1995). "Who Is Afraid of POV Measures? Unified Approach to Quantum Phase Observables". Annals of Physics. 237 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:1995AnPhy.237....1B. doi:10.1006/aphy.1995.1001.
Bose, Satyendra Nath (1924). "Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 26 (1): 178–181. Bibcode:1924ZPhy...26..178B. doi:10.1007/BF01327326. S2CID 186235974.
Einstein, Albert (1925). Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases, Zweite Abhandlung (in German). Vol. 1925. pp. 3–14. doi:10.1002/3527608958.ch28. ISBN 978-3-527-60895-9. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help); |journal= ignored (help)
Anderson, M. H.; Ensher, J. R.; Matthews, M. R.; Wieman, Carl E.; Cornell, Eric Allin (1995). "Observation of Bose–Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor". Science. 269 (5221): 198–201. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..198A. doi:10.1126/science.269.5221.198. JSTOR 2888436. PMID 17789847. S2CID 540834.
Dirac, Paul A. M. (1926). "On the Theory of Quantum Mechanics". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 112 (762): 661–677. Bibcode:1926RSPSA.112..661D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1926.0133.
Dirac, Paul A. M. (1927). "The Quantum Theory of the Emission and Absorption of Radiation". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 114 (767): 243–265. Bibcode:1927RSPSA.114..243D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0039.
Dirac, Paul A. M. (1927b). "The Quantum Theory of Dispersion". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 114 (769): 710–728. Bibcode:1927RSPSA.114..710D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0071.
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ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

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news.harvard.edu

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lbl.gov (Global: 2,509^th place; English: 2,329^th place)

pdg.lbl.gov

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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jaeger, Gregg (2019). "Are virtual particles less real?" (PDF). Entropy. 21 (2): 141. Bibcode:2019Entrp..21..141J. doi:10.3390/e21020141. PMC 7514619. PMID 33266857. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-06-11. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
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nobelprize.org (Global: 301^st place; English: 478^th place)

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Heisenberg, Werner (1933). "Heisenberg Nobel lecture". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2006-09-11.
Sheldon Glashow Nobel lecture Archived 2008-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, delivered 8 December 1979.
Abdus Salam Nobel lecture Archived 2008-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, delivered 8 December 1979.
Steven Weinberg Nobel lecture Archived 2008-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, delivered 8 December 1979.
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photonics.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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pitt.edu (Global: 1,476^th place; English: 1,056^th place)

philsci-archive.pitt.edu

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psu.edu (Global: 207^th place; English: 136^th place)

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rri.res.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

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semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

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ucr.edu (Global: 1,553^rd place; English: 1,008^th place)

math.ucr.edu

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ucsc.edu (Global: 3,619^th place; English: 2,621^st place)

scipp.ucsc.edu

Amsler, C.; et al. (2008). "Review of Particle Physics" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1–5): 31. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. hdl:1854/LU-685594. PMID 10020536. S2CID 227119789. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-01. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
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uni-augsburg.de (Global: 9,325^th place; English: 9,314^th place)

physik.uni-augsburg.de

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uni-hannover.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

repo.uni-hannover.de

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uoregon.edu (Global: 3,144^th place; English: 2,101^st place)

pages.uoregon.edu

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web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

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