Photon (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Photon" in English language version.

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Compton, Arthur (1923). "A quantum theory of the scattering of X-rays by light elements". Physical Review. 21 (5): 483–502. Bibcode:1923PhRv...21..483C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.21.483. Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2020-11-08.

aps.org

link.aps.org

Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff; Nieto, Michael Martin (2010-03-23). "Photon and graviton mass limits". Reviews of Modern Physics. 82 (1): 939–979. arXiv:0809.1003. Bibcode:2010RvMP...82..939G. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.939. ISSN 0034-6861. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Heeck, Julian (2013-07-11). "How Stable is the Photon?". Physical Review Letters. 111 (2): 021801. arXiv:1304.2821. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111b1801H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.021801. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 23889385. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.

aps.org

"December 18, 1926: Gilbert Lewis coins "photon" in letter to Nature". www.aps.org. Archived from the original on 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2019-03-09.

archive.org

Although the 1967 Elsevier translation of Planck's Nobel Lecture interprets Planck's Lichtquant as "photon", the more literal 1922 translation by Hans Thacher Clarke and Ludwik Silberstein Planck, Max (1922). "via Google Books". The Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory. Clarendon Press – via Internet Archive (archive.org, 2007-03-01). uses "light-quantum". No evidence is known that Planck himself had used the term "photon" as of 1926 (see also).
Halliday, David; Resnick, Robert; Walker, Jerl (2005). Fundamental of Physics (7th ed.). John Wiley and Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-23231-5.
Pais, A. (1982). Subtle is the Lord: The science and the life of Albert Einstein. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-853907-0.
Taylor, G. I. (1909). "Interference Fringes with Feeble Light". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 15: 114. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
Landau, Lev D.; Lifschitz, Evgeny M. (1977). Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory. Vol. 3 (3rd ed.). Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-020940-1. OCLC 2284121.
Itzykson, C.; Zuber, J.-B. (1980). Quantum Field Theory. McGraw-Hill. Photon–photon-scattering section 7–3–1, renormalization chapter 8–2. ISBN 978-0-07-032071-0.
E.g., chapter 14 in Hughes, I.S. (1985). Elementary particles (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26092-3.
Radiative correction to electron mass section 7–1–2, anomalous magnetic moments section 7–2–1, Lamb shift section 7–3–2 and hyperfine splitting in positronium section 10–3 in Itzykson, C.; Zuber, J.-B. (1980). Quantum Field Theory. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-032071-0.
Waymouth, John (1971). Electric Discharge Lamps. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The M.I.T. Press. ISBN 978-0-262-23048-3.

arxiv.org

Kragh, Helge (2014). "Photon: New light on an old name". arXiv:1401.0293 [physics.hist-ph].
Kobychev, V. V.; Popov, S. B. (2005). "Constraints on the photon charge from observations of extragalactic sources". Astronomy Letters. 31 (3): 147–151. arXiv:hep-ph/0411398. Bibcode:2005AstL...31..147K. doi:10.1134/1.1883345. S2CID 119409823.
Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff; Nieto, Michael Martin (2010-03-23). "Photon and graviton mass limits". Reviews of Modern Physics. 82 (1): 939–979. arXiv:0809.1003. Bibcode:2010RvMP...82..939G. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.939. ISSN 0034-6861. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Heeck, Julian (2013-07-11). "How Stable is the Photon?". Physical Review Letters. 111 (2): 021801. arXiv:1304.2821. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111b1801H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.021801. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 23889385. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Adelberger, Eric; Dvali, Gia; Gruzinov, Andrei (2007). "Photon-Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices". Physical Review Letters. 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459. S2CID 31249827.
Busch, Paul; Lahti, Pekka; Werner, Reinhard F. (2013-10-17). "Proof of Heisenberg's Error-Disturbance Relation" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 111 (16): 160405. arXiv:1306.1565. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111p0405B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.160405. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 24182239. S2CID 24507489.
Appleby, David Marcus (2016-05-06). "Quantum Errors and Disturbances: Response to Busch, Lahti and Werner". Entropy. 18 (5): 174. arXiv:1602.09002. Bibcode:2016Entrp..18..174A. doi:10.3390/e18050174.
Weiglein, G. (2008). "Electroweak Physics at the ILC". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 110 (4): 042033. arXiv:0711.3003. Bibcode:2008JPhCS.110d2033W. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/110/4/042033. S2CID 118517359.
Nisius, R. (2000). "The photon structure from deep inelastic electron–photon scattering". Physics Reports. 332 (4–6): 165–317. arXiv:hep-ex/9912049. Bibcode:2000PhR...332..165N. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00115-5. S2CID 119437227.
Jennewein, T.; Achleitner, U.; Weihs, G.; Weinfurter, H.; Zeilinger, A. (2000). "A fast and compact quantum random number generator". Review of Scientific Instruments. 71 (4): 1675–1680. arXiv:quant-ph/9912118. Bibcode:2000RScI...71.1675J. doi:10.1063/1.1150518. S2CID 13118587.
Liang, Qi-Yu; et al. (16 February 2018). "Observation of three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium". Science. 359 (6377): 783–786. arXiv:1709.01478. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..783L. doi:10.1126/science.aao7293. PMC 6467536. PMID 29449489.

atomicheritage.org

"Gilbert N. Lewis". Atomic Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on 2015-04-16. Retrieved 2019-03-09.

books.google.com

Although the 1967 Elsevier translation of Planck's Nobel Lecture interprets Planck's Lichtquant as "photon", the more literal 1922 translation by Hans Thacher Clarke and Ludwik Silberstein Planck, Max (1922). "via Google Books". The Origin and Development of the Quantum Theory. Clarendon Press – via Internet Archive (archive.org, 2007-03-01). uses "light-quantum". No evidence is known that Planck himself had used the term "photon" as of 1926 (see also).
Asimov, Isaac (1983). The Neutrino: Ghost particle of the atom. Garden City, NY: Avon Books. ISBN 978-0-380-00483-6. and
Asimov, Isaac (1971). The Universe: From flat Earth to quasar. New York: Walker. ISBN 978-0-8027-0316-3. LCCN 66022515.
Liddle, Andrew (2015). An Introduction to Modern Cosmology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-118-69025-3. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
Schwartz, Matthew D. (2014). Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model. Cambridge University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-107-03473-0.
"Role as gauge boson and polarization" §5.1 in Aitchison, I.J.R.; Hey, A.J.G. (1993). Gauge Theories in Particle Physics. IOP Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85274-328-7. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
Born, Max; Blin-Stoyle, Roger John; Radcliffe, J. M. (1989). "Appendix XXXII". Atomic Physics. Courier Corporation. ISBN 978-0-486-65984-8.
Descartes, René (1637). Discours de la méthode (Discourse on Method) (in French). Imprimerie de Ian Maire. ISBN 978-0-268-00870-3.
Newton, Isaac (1952) [1730]. Opticks (4th ed.). Dover, New York: Dover Publications. Book II, Part III, Propositions XII–XX; Queries 25–29. ISBN 978-0-486-60205-9.
Buchwald, J. Z. (1989). "The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical theory and experiment in the early nineteenth century". Physics Today. 43 (4). University of Chicago Press: 78–80. Bibcode:1990PhT....43d..78B. doi:10.1063/1.2810533. ISBN 978-0-226-07886-1. OCLC 18069573.
Scully, M. O.; Zubairy, M. S. (1997). Quantum Optics. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43595-6. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
Pais, A. (1986). Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World. Oxford University Press. p. 260. ISBN 978-0-19-851997-3. Specifically, Born claimed to have been inspired by Einstein's never-published attempts to develop a "ghost-field" theory, in which point-like photons are guided probabilistically by ghost fields that follow Maxwell's equations.
Ryder, L. H. (1996). Quantum field theory (2nd ed.). England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47814-4.
E.g. sections 9.1 (gravitational contribution of photons) and 10.5 (influence of gravity on light) in Stephani, H.; Stewart, J. (1990). General Relativity: An Introduction to the Theory of Gravitational Field. Cambridge University Press. pp. 86 ff, 108 ff. ISBN 978-0-521-37941-0.
Koupelis, Theo; Kuhn, Karl F. (2007). In Quest of the Universe. Jones and Bartlett Canada. p. 102. ISBN 9780763743871. Archived from the original on 2024-05-12. Retrieved 2020-11-29.
Lakowicz, J. R. (2006). Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Springer. pp. 529 ff. ISBN 978-0-387-31278-1.
Introductory-level material on the various sub-fields of quantum optics can be found in Fox, M. (2006). Quantum Optics: An introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-856673-1 – via Google Books.

caltech.edu

authors.library.caltech.edu

Kimble, H.J.; Dagenais, M.; Mandel, L. (1977). "Photon Anti-bunching in Resonance Fluorescence" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 39 (11): 691–695. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..39..691K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.691. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2019-01-03.

cern.ch

cds.cern.ch

Newton, T.D.; Wigner, E.P. (1949). "Localized states for elementary particles" (PDF). Reviews of Modern Physics. 21 (3): 400–406. Bibcode:1949RvMP...21..400N. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.400. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-06-21.

doi.org

Amsler, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group) (2008). "Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1): 1. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. hdl:1854/LU-685594. S2CID 227119789. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
Kimble, H.J.; Dagenais, M.; Mandel, L. (1977). "Photon Anti-bunching in Resonance Fluorescence" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 39 (11): 691–695. Bibcode:1977PhRvL..39..691K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.691. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2019-01-03.
Grangier, P.; Roger, G.; Aspect, A. (1986). "Experimental Evidence for a Photon Anticorrelation Effect on a Beam Splitter: A New Light on Single-Photon Interferences". Europhysics Letters. 1 (4): 173–179. Bibcode:1986EL......1..173G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.178.4356. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/1/4/004. S2CID 250837011.
Kragh, Helge (2000-12-01). "Max Planck: the reluctant revolutionary". Physics World. 13 (12): 31–36. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/13/12/34.
Einstein, Albert (1905). "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" (PDF). Annalen der Physik (in German). 17 (6): 132–148. Bibcode:1905AnP...322..132E. doi:10.1002/andp.19053220607. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2010-08-25. According to this picture, the energy of a light wave emitted from a point source is not spread continuously over ever larger volumes, but consists of a finite number of energy quanta that are spatially localized at points of space, move without dividing and are absorbed or generated only as a whole. An English translation is available from Wikisource.
Lewis, Gilbert N. (18 December 1926). "The conservation of photons". Nature. 118 (2981): 874–875. Bibcode:1926Natur.118..874L. doi:10.1038/118874a0. eISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4110026. see also
"Discordances entre l'expérience et la théorie électromagnétique du rayonnement". Written at Bruxelles, Belgium. Electrons et photons: Rapports et discussions du cinquième Conseil de Physique tenu à Bruxelles du 24 au 29 octobre 1927 sous les auspices de l'Institut International de Physique Solvay. Cinquième Conseil de Physique (in French). l'Institut International de Physique Solvay (host institution). Paris, France: Gauthier-Villars et Cie (published 1928). 24–29 October 1927. pp. 55–85.{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Rutherford, Ernest; Andrade, Edward N.C. (1914). "The wavelength of the soft gamma rays from Radium B". Philosophical Magazine. 27 (161): 854–868. doi:10.1080/14786440508635156. Archived from the original on 2020-03-08. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
Kobychev, V. V.; Popov, S. B. (2005). "Constraints on the photon charge from observations of extragalactic sources". Astronomy Letters. 31 (3): 147–151. arXiv:hep-ph/0411398. Bibcode:2005AstL...31..147K. doi:10.1134/1.1883345. S2CID 119409823.
Tu, Liang-Cheng; Luo, Jun; Gillies, George T (2005-01-01). "The mass of the photon". Reports on Progress in Physics. 68 (1): 77–130. Bibcode:2005RPPh...68...77T. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/68/1/R02. ISSN 0034-4885.
Goldhaber, Alfred Scharff; Nieto, Michael Martin (2010-03-23). "Photon and graviton mass limits". Reviews of Modern Physics. 82 (1): 939–979. arXiv:0809.1003. Bibcode:2010RvMP...82..939G. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.82.939. ISSN 0034-6861. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Heeck, Julian (2013-07-11). "How Stable is the Photon?". Physical Review Letters. 111 (2): 021801. arXiv:1304.2821. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111b1801H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.021801. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 23889385. Archived from the original on 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
Amsler, C.; et al. (2008). "Review of Particle Physics" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1–5): 31. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. hdl:1854/LU-685594. PMID 10020536. S2CID 227119789. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-01. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
Raman, C. V.; Bhagavantam, S. (1931). "Experimental proof of the spin of the photon" (PDF). Indian Journal of Physics. 6 (3244): 353. Bibcode:1932Natur.129...22R. doi:10.1038/129022a0. hdl:10821/664. S2CID 4064852. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
Mermin, David (February 1984). "Relativity without light". American Journal of Physics. 52 (2): 119–124. Bibcode:1984AmJPh..52..119M. doi:10.1119/1.13917.
Plimpton, S.; Lawton, W. (1936). "A Very Accurate Test of Coulomb's Law of Force Between Charges". Physical Review. 50 (11): 1066. Bibcode:1936PhRv...50.1066P. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.50.1066.
Williams, E.; Faller, J.; Hill, H. (1971). "New Experimental Test of Coulomb's Law: A Laboratory Upper Limit on the Photon Rest Mass". Physical Review Letters. 26 (12): 721. Bibcode:1971PhRvL..26..721W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.26.721.
Chibisov, G. V. (1976). "Astrophysical upper limits on the photon rest mass". Soviet Physics Uspekhi. 19 (7): 624. Bibcode:1976SvPhU..19..624C. doi:10.1070/PU1976v019n07ABEH005277.
Lakes, Roderic (1998). "Experimental Limits on the Photon Mass and Cosmic Magnetic Vector Potential". Physical Review Letters. 80 (9): 1826. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80.1826L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1826.
Amsler, C; Doser, M; Antonelli, M; Asner, D; Babu, K; Baer, H; Band, H; Barnett, R; et al. (2008). "Review of Particle Physics⁎" (PDF). Physics Letters B. 667 (1–5): 1. Bibcode:2008PhLB..667....1A. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018. hdl:1854/LU-685594. S2CID 227119789. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-06-01. Retrieved 2017-10-26. Summary Table Archived 2010-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
Adelberger, Eric; Dvali, Gia; Gruzinov, Andrei (2007). "Photon-Mass Bound Destroyed by Vortices". Physical Review Letters. 98 (1): 010402. arXiv:hep-ph/0306245. Bibcode:2007PhRvL..98a0402A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.010402. PMID 17358459. S2CID 31249827.
Buchwald, J. Z. (1989). "The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical theory and experiment in the early nineteenth century". Physics Today. 43 (4). University of Chicago Press: 78–80. Bibcode:1990PhT....43d..78B. doi:10.1063/1.2810533. ISBN 978-0-226-07886-1. OCLC 18069573.
Maxwell, James Clerk (1865). "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 155: 459–512. Bibcode:1865RSPT..155..459M. doi:10.1098/rstl.1865.0008. S2CID 186207827. This article followed a presentation by Maxwell on 8 December 1864 to the Royal Society.
See also: Boreham, Bruce W.; Hora, Heinrich; Bolton, Paul R. (1996). "Photon density and the correspondence principle of electromagnetic interaction". AIP Conference Proceedings. 369: 1234–1243. Bibcode:1996AIPC..369.1234B. doi:10.1063/1.50410.
Planck, Max (1901). "Über das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum". Annalen der Physik (in German). 4 (3): 553–563. Bibcode:1901AnP...309..553P. doi:10.1002/andp.19013090310. English translation
Compton, Arthur (1923). "A quantum theory of the scattering of X-rays by light elements". Physical Review. 21 (5): 483–502. Bibcode:1923PhRv...21..483C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.21.483. Archived from the original on 2018-01-29. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
Hendry, J. (1980). "The development of attitudes to the wave–particle duality of light and quantum theory, 1900–1920". Annals of Science. 37 (1): 59–79. doi:10.1080/00033798000200121.
Bohr, Niels; Kramers, Hendrik Anthony; Slater, John C. (1924). "The Quantum Theory of Radiation". Philosophical Magazine. 47 (281): 785–802. doi:10.1080/14786442408565262. Also Zeitschrift für Physik (in German), 24, p. 69 (1924).
Howard, Don (December 2004). "Who Invented the "Copenhagen Interpretation"? A Study in Mythology". Philosophy of Science. 71 (5): 669–682. doi:10.1086/425941. ISSN 0031-8248. JSTOR 10.1086/425941. S2CID 9454552.
Mandel, Leonard (1976). Wolf, E. (ed.). II the Case for and Against Semiclassical Radiation Theory. Progress in Optics. Vol. 13. North-Holland. pp. 27–69. Bibcode:1976PrOpt..13...27M. doi:10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70018-0. ISBN 978-0-444-10806-7. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Grangier, P.; Roger, G.; Aspect, A. (1986). "Experimental evidence for a photon anticorrelation effect on a beam splitter: A new light on single-photon interferences". Europhysics Letters. 1 (4): 173–179. Bibcode:1986EL......1..173G. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.178.4356. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/1/4/004. S2CID 250837011.
Thorn, J.J.; Neel, M.S.; Donato, V.W.; Bergreen, G.S.; Davies, R.E.; Beck, M. (2004). "Observing the quantum behavior of light in an undergraduate laboratory" (PDF). American Journal of Physics. 72 (9): 1210–1219. Bibcode:2004AmJPh..72.1210T. doi:10.1119/1.1737397. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-02-01. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
Newton, T.D.; Wigner, E.P. (1949). "Localized states for elementary particles" (PDF). Reviews of Modern Physics. 21 (3): 400–406. Bibcode:1949RvMP...21..400N. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.400. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
Bialynicki-Birula, I. (1994). "On the wave function of the photon". Acta Physica Polonica A. 86 (1–2): 97–116. Bibcode:1994AcPPA..86...97B. doi:10.12693/APhysPolA.86.97.
Sipe, J.E. (1995). "Photon wave functions". Physical Review A. 52 (3): 1875–1883. Bibcode:1995PhRvA..52.1875S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.52.1875. PMID 9912446.
Bialynicki-Birula, I. (1996). V Photon Wave Function. Progress in Optics. Vol. 36. pp. 245–294. Bibcode:1996PrOpt..36..245B. doi:10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70316-0. ISBN 978-0-444-82530-8. S2CID 17695022. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Busch, Paul; Lahti, Pekka; Werner, Reinhard F. (2013-10-17). "Proof of Heisenberg's Error-Disturbance Relation" (PDF). Physical Review Letters. 111 (16): 160405. arXiv:1306.1565. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.111p0405B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.160405. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 24182239. S2CID 24507489.
Appleby, David Marcus (2016-05-06). "Quantum Errors and Disturbances: Response to Busch, Lahti and Werner". Entropy. 18 (5): 174. arXiv:1602.09002. Bibcode:2016Entrp..18..174A. doi:10.3390/e18050174.
Busch, P.; Grabowski, M.; Lahti, P. J. (January 1995). "Who Is Afraid of POV Measures? Unified Approach to Quantum Phase Observables". Annals of Physics. 237 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:1995AnPhy.237....1B. doi:10.1006/aphy.1995.1001.
Bose, Satyendra Nath (1924). "Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 26 (1): 178–181. Bibcode:1924ZPhy...26..178B. doi:10.1007/BF01327326. S2CID 186235974.
Einstein, Albert (1925). Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases, Zweite Abhandlung (in German). Vol. 1925. pp. 3–14. doi:10.1002/3527608958.ch28. ISBN 978-3-527-60895-9. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Anderson, M. H.; Ensher, J. R.; Matthews, M. R.; Wieman, Carl E.; Cornell, Eric Allin (1995). "Observation of Bose–Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor". Science. 269 (5221): 198–201. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..198A. doi:10.1126/science.269.5221.198. JSTOR 2888436. PMID 17789847. S2CID 540834.
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Dirac, Paul A. M. (1926). "On the Theory of Quantum Mechanics". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 112 (762): 661–677. Bibcode:1926RSPSA.112..661D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1926.0133.
Dirac, Paul A. M. (1927). "The Quantum Theory of the Emission and Absorption of Radiation". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 114 (767): 243–265. Bibcode:1927RSPSA.114..243D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0039.
Dirac, Paul A. M. (1927b). "The Quantum Theory of Dispersion". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 114 (769): 710–728. Bibcode:1927RSPSA.114..710D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0071.
Heisenberg, Werner; Pauli, Wolfgang (1929). "Zur Quantentheorie der Wellenfelder". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 56 (1–2): 1. Bibcode:1929ZPhy...56....1H. doi:10.1007/BF01340129. S2CID 121928597.
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Born, Max (1926). "Quantenmechanik der Stossvorgänge". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 38 (11–12): 803. Bibcode:1926ZPhy...38..803B. doi:10.1007/BF01397184. S2CID 126244962.
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Born, Max; Heisenberg, Werner; Jordan, Pascual (1925). "Quantenmechanik II". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 35 (8–9): 557–615. Bibcode:1926ZPhy...35..557B. doi:10.1007/BF01379806. S2CID 186237037.
Jaeger, Gregg (2019). "Are virtual particles less real?" (PDF). Entropy. 21 (2): 141. Bibcode:2019Entrp..21..141J. doi:10.3390/e21020141. PMC 7514619. PMID 33266857. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-06-11. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
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Jennewein, T.; Achleitner, U.; Weihs, G.; Weinfurter, H.; Zeilinger, A. (2000). "A fast and compact quantum random number generator". Review of Scientific Instruments. 71 (4): 1675–1680. arXiv:quant-ph/9912118. Bibcode:2000RScI...71.1675J. doi:10.1063/1.1150518. S2CID 13118587.
Liang, Qi-Yu; et al. (16 February 2018). "Observation of three-photon bound states in a quantum nonlinear medium". Science. 359 (6377): 783–786. arXiv:1709.01478. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..783L. doi:10.1126/science.aao7293. PMC 6467536. PMID 29449489.

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