Phthalates (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Phthalates" in English language version.

refsWebsite

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52nih.gov

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45doi.org

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21harvard.edu

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12semanticscholar.org

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11europa.eu

68^th place

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3web.archive.org

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3canada.ca

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3ca.gov

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2cdc.gov

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1oed.com

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1collinsdictionary.com

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1epa.gov

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1ecetoc.org

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1cpsc.gov

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1iarc.fr

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1ceresana.com

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1fda.gov

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1worldcat.org

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1umn.edu

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1consumerreports.org

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1mcgill.ca

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1foodstandards.gov.au

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1productsafety.gov.au

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1chemicalwatch.com

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1govtrack.us

2,229^th place

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1npr.org

92^nd place

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1illinois.gov

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1plasticsmythbuster.org

low place

ca.gov

oehha.ca.gov

"Current Proposition 65 No Significant Risk Levels (NSRLs) Maximum Allowable Dose Levels (MADLs)". California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. 1 October 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
"OEHHA Proposition 65: Proposition 65 in Plain Language!". ca.gov.
"OEHHA Proposition 65 (2013) Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) listed". ca.gov.

canada.ca

"Phthalate Substance Grouping – information sheet". canada.ca. Government of Canada. 18 June 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
"Phthalates". Government of Canada. 6 October 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
"Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in Canadians". Government of Canada. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2024.

cdc.gov

Pthalates Fact Sheet (PDF) (Report). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. November 2009.

wwwn.cdc.gov

"Public health statement for diethyl phthalate". Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2024.

ceresana.com

"Market Report Plasticizers: Industry Analysis|Market Research". www.ceresana.com. Retrieved 19 May 2022.

chemicalwatch.com

"Echa and Denmark to prepare phthalates restriction".

collinsdictionary.com

"phthalate" in Collins English Dictionary

consumerreports.org

"The Plastic Chemicals Hiding in Your Food". Consumer Reports. 4 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.

cpsc.gov

Godwin A (26 July 2010). "Uses of Phthalates and Other Plasticizers" (PDF). cpsc.gov. ExxonMobil Chemical Company. Retrieved 19 May 2022.

doi.org

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Geyer, Roland; Jambeck, Jenna R.; Law, Kara Lavender (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7): e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Latini G, De Felice C, Verrotti A (November 2004). "Plasticizers, infant nutrition and reproductive health". Reproductive Toxicology. 19 (1): 27–33. Bibcode:2004RepTx..19...27L. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.05.011. PMID 15336709.
Bi M, Liu W, Luan X, Li M, Liu M, Liu W, Cui Z (October 2021). "Production, Use, and Fate of Phthalic Acid Esters for Polyvinyl Chloride Products in China". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (20): 13980–13989. Bibcode:2021EnST...5513980B. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c02374. PMID 34617437. S2CID 238422673.
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Cadogan DF, Howick CJ (15 June 2000). "Plasticizers". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 27: 613–614. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_439. ISBN 3527306730.
Herbert K, Götz PH, Siegmeier R, Mayr W. "Peroxy Compounds, Organic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_199. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Koo HJ, Lee BM (December 2004). "Estimated exposure to phthalates in cosmetics and risk assessment". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A. 67 (23–24): 1901–1914. Bibcode:2004JTEHA..67.1901K. doi:10.1080/15287390490513300. PMID 15513891. S2CID 30617587.
Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R (January 2016). "Screening of phthalate esters in 47 branded perfumes". Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. 23 (1): 455–468. Bibcode:2016ESPR...23..455A. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5267-z. PMID 26310707. S2CID 22840018.
Brown M, Hebert AA (February 1997). "Insect repellents: an overview". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 36 (2 Pt 1): 243–249. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70289-5. PMID 9039177.
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Kalyanasundaram M, Mathew N (May 2006). "N,N-diethyl phenylacetamide (DEPA): A safe and effective repellent for personal protection against hematophagous arthropods". Journal of Medical Entomology. 43 (3): 518–525. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[518:NPDASA]2.0.CO;2. PMID 16739410. S2CID 22623121.
Daniels PH (December 2009). "A brief overview of theories of PVC plasticization and methods used to evaluate PVC-plasticizer interaction". Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology. 15 (4): 219–223. doi:10.1002/vnl.20211. S2CID 137535663.
Bui TT, Giovanoulis G, Cousins AP, Magnér J, Cousins IT, de Wit CA (January 2016). "Human exposure, hazard and risk of alternative plasticizers to phthalate esters". The Science of the Total Environment. 541: 451–467. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.541..451B. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.036. PMID 26410720.
Huang T, Saxena AR, Isganaitis E, James-Todd T (February 2014). "Gender and racial/ethnic differences in the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with markers of diabetes risk: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2008". Environmental Health. 13 (1): 6. Bibcode:2014EnvHe..13....6H. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-6. PMC 3922428. PMID 24499162.
James-Todd TM, Meeker JD, Huang T, Hauser R, Seely EW, Ferguson KK, et al. (March 2017). "Racial and ethnic variations in phthalate metabolite concentration changes across full-term pregnancies". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 27 (2): 160–166. Bibcode:2017JESEE..27..160J. doi:10.1038/jes.2016.2. PMC 4980273. PMID 26860587.
Kolarik B, Bornehag CG, Naydenov K, Sundell J, Stavova P, Nielsen OF (December 2008). "The concentrations of phthalates in settled dust in Bulgarian homes in relation to building characteristic and cleaning habits in the family". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (37): 8553–8559. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42.8553K. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.028. S2CID 96190203.
Heudorf U, Mersch-Sundermann V, Angerer J (October 2007). "Phthalates: toxicology and exposure". International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 210 (5): 623–634. Bibcode:2007IJHEH.210..623H. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.011. PMID 17889607.
Sathyanarayana S, Karr CJ, Lozano P, Brown E, Calafat AM, Liu F, Swan SH (February 2008). "Baby care products: possible sources of infant phthalate exposure". Pediatrics. 121 (2): e260 – e268. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3766. PMID 18245401. S2CID 22218732.
Sathyanarayana S (February 2008). "Phthalates and children's health". Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 38 (2): 34–49. doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2007.11.001. PMID 18237855.
National Research Council (US) Committee on the Health Risks of Phthalates (18 December 2008). Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment: The Tasks Ahead. National Research Council. doi:10.17226/12528. ISBN 9780309128414. PMID 25009926.
Edwards L, McCray NL, VanNoy BN, Yau A, Geller RJ, Adamkiewicz G, Zota AR (October 2021). "Phthalate and novel plasticizer concentrations in food items from U.S. fast food chains: a preliminary analysis". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 32 (3): 366–373. doi:10.1038/s41370-021-00392-8. PMC 9119856. PMID 34702987.
Erythropel HC, Maric M, Nicell JA, Leask RL, Yargeau V (December 2014). "Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 98 (24): 9967–9981. doi:10.1007/s00253-014-6183-8. PMID 25376446. S2CID 11715151.
Nicole, Wendee (2016). "Phthalates in fast food: A potential dietary source of exposure". Environmental Health Perspectives. 124 (10): A191. doi:10.1289/ehp.124-A191. PMC 5047790. PMID 27689318.
Zota AR, Phillips CA, Mitro SD (October 2016). "Recent Fast Food Consumption and Bisphenol A and Phthalates Exposures among the U.S. Population in NHANES, 2003-2010". Environmental Health Perspectives. 124 (10): 1521–1528. Bibcode:2016EnvHP.124.1521Z. doi:10.1289/ehp.1510803. PMC 5047792. PMID 27072648.
Genuis, Stephen J; Beesoon, Sanjay; Lobo, Rebecca A; Birkholz, Detlef (31 October 2012). "Human elimination of phthalate compounds: Blood, urine, and sweat (BUS) study". ScientificWorldJournal. 2012: 615068. doi:10.1100/2012/615068. PMC 3504417. PMID 23213291.
Rudel RA, Perovich LJ (January 2009). "Endocrine disrupting chemicals in indoor and outdoor air". Atmospheric Environment. 43 (1): 170–181. Bibcode:2009AtmEn..43..170R. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.025. PMC 2677823. PMID 20047015.
Carlstedt F, Jönsson BA, Bornehag CG (February 2013). "PVC flooring is related to human uptake of phthalates in infants". Indoor Air. 23 (1): 32–39. Bibcode:2013InAir..23...32C. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00788.x. PMID 22563949.
Zhang H, Hua Y, Chen J, Li X, Bai X, Wang H (3 July 2018). "Organism-derived phthalate derivatives as bioactive natural products". Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part C, Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews. 36 (3): 125–144. Bibcode:2018JESHC..36..125Z. doi:10.1080/10590501.2018.1490512. PMID 30444179. S2CID 53565519.
Roy RN (November 2020). "Bioactive natural derivatives of phthalate ester". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 40 (7): 913–929. doi:10.1080/07388551.2020.1789838. PMID 32683987. S2CID 220654942.
Tian C, Ni J, Chang F, Liu S, Xu N, Sun W, et al. (February 2016). "Bio-Source of di-n-butyl phthalate production by filamentous fungi". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 19791. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619791T. doi:10.1038/srep19791. PMC 4746570. PMID 26857605.
Enikeev AG, Semenov AA, Permyakov AV, Sokolova NA, Gamburg KZ, Dudareva LV (May 2019). "Biosynthesis of ortho-Phtalic Acid Esters in Plant and Cell Cultures". Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. 55 (3): 294–297. doi:10.1134/S0003683819020066. S2CID 174809331.
Boll, Matthias; Geiger, Robin; Junghare, Madan; Schink, Bernhard (2020). "Microbial degradation of phthalates: Biochemistry and environmental implications". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 12 (1): 3–15. Bibcode:2020EnvMR..12....3B. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12787. PMID 31364812.
Liu B, Lu X, Jiang A, Lv Y, Zhang H, Xu B (January 2024). "Influence of maternal endocrine disrupting chemicals exposure on adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 270: 115851. Bibcode:2024EcoES.27015851L. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115851. PMID 38157800.
Zamkowska D, Karwacka A, Jurewicz J, Radwan M (July 2018). "Environmental exposure to non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals and semen quality: An overview of the current epidemiological evidence". International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 31 (4): 377–414. doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01195. PMID 30160090.
Bansal A, Henao-Mejia J, Simmons RA (January 2018). "Immune System: An Emerging Player in Mediating Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Metabolic Health". Endocrinology. 159 (1): 32–45. doi:10.1210/en.2017-00882. PMC 5761609. PMID 29145569.
Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto AM, et al. (June 2009). "Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement". Endocrine Reviews. 30 (4): 293–342. doi:10.1210/er.2009-0002. PMC 2726844. PMID 19502515.
Boissiere-O'Neill T, Lee WR, Blake TL, Sly PD, Vilcins D (February 2024). "Exposure to endocrine-disrupting plasticisers and lung function in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Environmental Research. 243: 117751. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117751. PMID 38061586.
Braun JM (March 2017). "Early-life exposure to EDCs: role in childhood obesity and neurodevelopment". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 13 (3): 161–173. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.186. PMC 5322271. PMID 27857130.
Dodson RE, Nishioka M, Standley LJ, Perovich LJ, Brody JG, Rudel RA (July 2012). "Endocrine disruptors and asthma-associated chemicals in consumer products". Environmental Health Perspectives. 120 (7): 935–943. Bibcode:2012EnvHP.120..935D. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104052. PMC 3404651. PMID 22398195.
Xia B, Zhu Q, Zhao Y, Ge W, Zhao Y, Song Q, et al. (December 2018). "Phthalate exposure and childhood overweight and obesity: Urinary metabolomic evidence". Environment International. 121 (Pt 1): 159–168. Bibcode:2018EnInt.121..159X. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.001. PMID 30208345.
Sax L (April 2010). "Polyethylene terephthalate may yield endocrine disruptors". Environmental Health Perspectives. 118 (4): 445–448. Bibcode:2010EnvHP.118..445S. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901253. PMC 2854718. PMID 20368129.

ecetoc.org

"TR 019 – An Assessment of Occurrence and Effects of Dialkyl-o-Phthalates in the Environment" (PDF). ECETOC. 29 May 1985.

epa.gov

"Phthalates | Assessing and Managing Chemicals Under TSCA". www.epa.gov. 21 September 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2017.

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"Search for Chemicals - ECHA". echa.europa.eu. European Chemicals Agency. Retrieved 9 June 2022. Enter CAS No's to validate manually
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ec.europa.eu

Opinion on phthalates in school supplies (PDF) (Report). Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks, European Commission. 17 October 2008.

irmm.jrc.ec.europa.eu

"Methods for the determination of phthalates in food" (PDF). European Commission, Joint Research Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011.

fda.gov

"Phthalates in Cosmetics". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 19 May 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.

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"Chemicals in food packaging (updated 6 December 2023)". Food Standards - Australia/New Zealand. August 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2024.

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GovTrack.us. "H.R. 4040--110th Congress (2007): Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, GovTrack.us (database of federal legislation). Retrieved 14 August 2009.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Geyer, Roland; Jambeck, Jenna R.; Law, Kara Lavender (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7): e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Latini G, De Felice C, Verrotti A (November 2004). "Plasticizers, infant nutrition and reproductive health". Reproductive Toxicology. 19 (1): 27–33. Bibcode:2004RepTx..19...27L. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.05.011. PMID 15336709.
Bi M, Liu W, Luan X, Li M, Liu M, Liu W, Cui Z (October 2021). "Production, Use, and Fate of Phthalic Acid Esters for Polyvinyl Chloride Products in China". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (20): 13980–13989. Bibcode:2021EnST...5513980B. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c02374. PMID 34617437. S2CID 238422673.
Ventrice P, Ventrice D, Russo E, De Sarro G (July 2013). "Phthalates: European regulation, chemistry, pharmacokinetic and related toxicity". Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 36 (1): 88–96. Bibcode:2013EnvTP..36...88V. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2013.03.014. PMID 23603460.
Koo HJ, Lee BM (December 2004). "Estimated exposure to phthalates in cosmetics and risk assessment". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A. 67 (23–24): 1901–1914. Bibcode:2004JTEHA..67.1901K. doi:10.1080/15287390490513300. PMID 15513891. S2CID 30617587.
Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R (January 2016). "Screening of phthalate esters in 47 branded perfumes". Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. 23 (1): 455–468. Bibcode:2016ESPR...23..455A. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5267-z. PMID 26310707. S2CID 22840018.
Bui TT, Giovanoulis G, Cousins AP, Magnér J, Cousins IT, de Wit CA (January 2016). "Human exposure, hazard and risk of alternative plasticizers to phthalate esters". The Science of the Total Environment. 541: 451–467. Bibcode:2016ScTEn.541..451B. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.036. PMID 26410720.
Huang T, Saxena AR, Isganaitis E, James-Todd T (February 2014). "Gender and racial/ethnic differences in the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with markers of diabetes risk: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2008". Environmental Health. 13 (1): 6. Bibcode:2014EnvHe..13....6H. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-6. PMC 3922428. PMID 24499162.
James-Todd TM, Meeker JD, Huang T, Hauser R, Seely EW, Ferguson KK, et al. (March 2017). "Racial and ethnic variations in phthalate metabolite concentration changes across full-term pregnancies". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 27 (2): 160–166. Bibcode:2017JESEE..27..160J. doi:10.1038/jes.2016.2. PMC 4980273. PMID 26860587.
Kolarik B, Bornehag CG, Naydenov K, Sundell J, Stavova P, Nielsen OF (December 2008). "The concentrations of phthalates in settled dust in Bulgarian homes in relation to building characteristic and cleaning habits in the family". Atmospheric Environment. 42 (37): 8553–8559. Bibcode:2008AtmEn..42.8553K. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.028. S2CID 96190203.
Heudorf U, Mersch-Sundermann V, Angerer J (October 2007). "Phthalates: toxicology and exposure". International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 210 (5): 623–634. Bibcode:2007IJHEH.210..623H. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.07.011. PMID 17889607.
Zota AR, Phillips CA, Mitro SD (October 2016). "Recent Fast Food Consumption and Bisphenol A and Phthalates Exposures among the U.S. Population in NHANES, 2003-2010". Environmental Health Perspectives. 124 (10): 1521–1528. Bibcode:2016EnvHP.124.1521Z. doi:10.1289/ehp.1510803. PMC 5047792. PMID 27072648.
Rudel RA, Perovich LJ (January 2009). "Endocrine disrupting chemicals in indoor and outdoor air". Atmospheric Environment. 43 (1): 170–181. Bibcode:2009AtmEn..43..170R. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.025. PMC 2677823. PMID 20047015.
Carlstedt F, Jönsson BA, Bornehag CG (February 2013). "PVC flooring is related to human uptake of phthalates in infants". Indoor Air. 23 (1): 32–39. Bibcode:2013InAir..23...32C. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00788.x. PMID 22563949.
Zhang H, Hua Y, Chen J, Li X, Bai X, Wang H (3 July 2018). "Organism-derived phthalate derivatives as bioactive natural products". Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part C, Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews. 36 (3): 125–144. Bibcode:2018JESHC..36..125Z. doi:10.1080/10590501.2018.1490512. PMID 30444179. S2CID 53565519.
Tian C, Ni J, Chang F, Liu S, Xu N, Sun W, et al. (February 2016). "Bio-Source of di-n-butyl phthalate production by filamentous fungi". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 19791. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619791T. doi:10.1038/srep19791. PMC 4746570. PMID 26857605.
Boll, Matthias; Geiger, Robin; Junghare, Madan; Schink, Bernhard (2020). "Microbial degradation of phthalates: Biochemistry and environmental implications". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 12 (1): 3–15. Bibcode:2020EnvMR..12....3B. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12787. PMID 31364812.
Liu B, Lu X, Jiang A, Lv Y, Zhang H, Xu B (January 2024). "Influence of maternal endocrine disrupting chemicals exposure on adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 270: 115851. Bibcode:2024EcoES.27015851L. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115851. PMID 38157800.
Dodson RE, Nishioka M, Standley LJ, Perovich LJ, Brody JG, Rudel RA (July 2012). "Endocrine disruptors and asthma-associated chemicals in consumer products". Environmental Health Perspectives. 120 (7): 935–943. Bibcode:2012EnvHP.120..935D. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104052. PMC 3404651. PMID 22398195.
Xia B, Zhu Q, Zhao Y, Ge W, Zhao Y, Song Q, et al. (December 2018). "Phthalate exposure and childhood overweight and obesity: Urinary metabolomic evidence". Environment International. 121 (Pt 1): 159–168. Bibcode:2018EnInt.121..159X. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.001. PMID 30208345.
Sax L (April 2010). "Polyethylene terephthalate may yield endocrine disruptors". Environmental Health Perspectives. 118 (4): 445–448. Bibcode:2010EnvHP.118..445S. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901253. PMC 2854718. PMID 20368129.

iarc.fr

publications.iarc.fr

IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans Volume 29: Some industrial chemicals and dyestuffs (PDF). [Lyon]: International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1982. p. 271. ISBN 978-92-832-1229-4.

illinois.gov

www2.illinois.gov

"Types of Plastic - I-Cycle". www2.illinois.gov. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

mcgill.ca

escholarship.mcgill.ca

Erythropel HC, Maric M, Nicell JA, Leask RL, Yargeau V (December 2014). "Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 98 (24): 9967–9981. doi:10.1007/s00253-014-6183-8. PMID 25376446. S2CID 11715151.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Geyer, Roland; Jambeck, Jenna R.; Law, Kara Lavender (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7): e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Latini G, De Felice C, Verrotti A (November 2004). "Plasticizers, infant nutrition and reproductive health". Reproductive Toxicology. 19 (1): 27–33. Bibcode:2004RepTx..19...27L. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.05.011. PMID 15336709.
Bi M, Liu W, Luan X, Li M, Liu M, Liu W, Cui Z (October 2021). "Production, Use, and Fate of Phthalic Acid Esters for Polyvinyl Chloride Products in China". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (20): 13980–13989. Bibcode:2021EnST...5513980B. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c02374. PMID 34617437. S2CID 238422673.
Ventrice P, Ventrice D, Russo E, De Sarro G (July 2013). "Phthalates: European regulation, chemistry, pharmacokinetic and related toxicity". Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 36 (1): 88–96. Bibcode:2013EnvTP..36...88V. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2013.03.014. PMID 23603460.
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