Physical fitness (English Wikipedia)

"How much physical activity do adults need?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1 December 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 1996.
"Benefits of Physical Activity". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 6 March 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.

doi.org

Tremblay MS, Colley RC, Saunders TJ, Healy GN, Owen N (December 2010). "Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 35 (6): 725–40. doi:10.1139/H10-079. PMID 21164543. S2CID 3080739.
de Groot GC, Fagerström L (June 2011). "Older adults' motivating factors and barriers to exercise to prevent falls". Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 18 (2): 153–60. doi:10.3109/11038128.2010.487113. PMID 20545467. S2CID 41105819.
Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA (April 2012). "Muscles, exercise, and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 8 (8): 457–65. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.49. PMID 22473333. S2CID 205480628.
Haskell WL, Troiano RP, Hammond JA, Phillips MJ, Strader LC, Marquez DX, Grant SF, Ramos E (May 2012). "Physical activity and physical fitness: standardizing assessment with the PhenX Toolkit". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 42 (5): 486–92. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.017. PMC 3331998. PMID 22516489.
Osawa Y, Azuma K, Tabata S, Katsukawa F, Ishida H, Oguma Y, Kawai T, Itoh H, Okuda S, Matsumoto H (2014). "Effects of 16-week high-intensity interval training using upper and lower body ergometers on aerobic fitness and morphological changes in healthy men: a preliminary study". Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. 5: 257–65. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S68932. PMC 4226445. PMID 25395872.
Blair SN (December 1993). "1993 C.H. McCloy Research Lecture: physical activity, physical fitness, and health". Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 64 (4): 365–76. doi:10.1080/02701367.1993.10607589. PMID 8278662.
Wisløff, Ulrik; Ellingsen, Øyvind; Kemi, Ole J. (July 2009). "High-Intensity Interval Training to Maximize Cardiac Benefits of Exercise Training?". Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 37 (3): 139–146. doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa65fc. PMID 19550205. S2CID 25057561.
Gillen JB, Gibala MJ (March 2014). "Is high-intensity interval training a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve health and fitness?". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 39 (3): 409–12. doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0187. PMID 24552392.
Whitehurst, Michael (September 2012). "High-Intensity Interval Training: An Alternative for Older Adults". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 6 (5): 382–386. doi:10.1177/1559827612450262. S2CID 72948004.
Colbert LH, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Tracy RP, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M, Taaffe DR, Brach J, Rubin S, Harris TB (July 2004). "Physical activity, exercise, and inflammatory markers in older adults: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 52 (7): 1098–104. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52307.x. PMID 15209647. S2CID 21589600.
Kasapis C, Thompson PD (May 2005). "The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: a systematic review". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 45 (10): 1563–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.077. PMID 15893167.
Campbell KL, McTiernan A (January 2007). "Exercise and biomarkers for cancer prevention studies". The Journal of Nutrition. 137 (1 Suppl): 161S–169S. doi:10.1093/jn/137.1.161S. PMID 17182820.
Nieman DC (March 1997). "Exercise immunology: practical applications". International Journal of Sports Medicine. 18 (Suppl 1): S91–100. doi:10.1055/s-2007-972705. PMID 9129268. S2CID 6526886.
Fairey AS, Courneya KS, Field CJ, Mackey JR (January 2002). "Physical exercise and immune system function in cancer survivors: a comprehensive review and future directions". Cancer. 94 (2): 539–51. doi:10.1002/cncr.10244. PMID 11900239. S2CID 24526200.
Westerlind KC (November 2003). "Physical activity and cancer prevention--mechanisms". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 35 (11): 1834–40. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000093619.37805.B7. PMID 14600547.
Sternfeld B, Dugan S (September 2011). "Physical activity and health during the menopausal transition". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 38 (3): 537–66. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.008. PMC 3270074. PMID 21961719.
Callaghan P (August 2004). "Exercise: a neglected intervention in mental health care?". Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 11 (4): 476–83. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2004.00751.x. PMID 15255923.
Youngstedt, Shawn D; Kline, Christopher E (August 2006). "Epidemiology of exercise and sleep". Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 4 (3): 215–221. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00235.x. ISSN 1446-9235. PMC 4217702. PMID 25374476.
Sharma A, Madaan V, Petty FD (2006). "Exercise for mental health". Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 8 (2): 106. doi:10.4088/PCC.v08n0208a. PMC 1470658. PMID 16862239.
Vancampfort D, Probst M, Scheewe T, De Herdt A, Sweers K, Knapen J, van Winkel R, De Hert M (May 2013). "Relationships between physical fitness, physical activity, smoking and metabolic and mental health parameters in people with schizophrenia". Psychiatry Research. 207 (1–2): 25–32. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.026. PMID 23051886. S2CID 35810181.
Sharma, Ashish; Madaan, Vishal; Petty, Frederick D. (15 April 2006). "Exercise for Mental Health". The Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 08 (2): 106. doi:10.4088/pcc.v08n0208a. PMC 1470658. PMID 16862239.

fitness.gov

"President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Definitions for Health, Fitness, and Physical Activity". fitness.gov. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012.

harvard.edu

health.harvard.edu

Publishing, Harvard Health (February 2011). "Exercising to relax". Harvard Health. Retrieved 23 December 2020.

health.gov

"Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans" (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2nd ed.). 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
"Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2nd edition" (PDF). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2018.

hhs.gov

aspe.hhs.gov

"Physical Activity Fundamental To Preventing Disease". U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 20 June 2002. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014.

livestrong.com

Harriman D (28 January 2015). "Aqua Jogging for Runners". livestrong.com.
"How Many Calories Are Burned Running a 10 Minute Mile?". LIVESTRONG.COM. Retrieved 1 December 2022.

lovetoknow.com

exercise.lovetoknow.com

"Physical Fitness History".

mayoclinic.org

"Are isometric exercises good for strength training?". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
"Exercise: A Drug-free Approach to Lowering High Blood Pressure". mayoclinic.org.
Pruthi S (June 2013). "Fitness Tips for Menopause: Why fitness counts". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
"Depression and anxiety: exercise eases symptoms". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 16 June 2021.

mensjournal.com

Mateo, Ashley (8 December 2022). "The Best Sprint Workouts to Get Faster, Build Muscle, and Drop Fat". Men's Journal. Retrieved 22 May 2023.

mentalhealth.org.uk

"Physical activity and mental health". 7 August 2015.

merriam-webster.com

"Definition of FITNESS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 19 September 2021.

minervamedica.it

Giannaki, Christoforos D.; Aphamis, George; Sakkis, Panikos; Hadjicharalambous, Marios (April 2016). "Eight weeks of a combination of high intensity interval training and conventional training reduce visceral adiposity and improve physical fitness: a group-based intervention". The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 56 (4): 483–490. PMID 25567049.

nhs.uk

"Exercise". nhs.uk. 26 April 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2021.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tremblay MS, Colley RC, Saunders TJ, Healy GN, Owen N (December 2010). "Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 35 (6): 725–40. doi:10.1139/H10-079. PMID 21164543. S2CID 3080739.
de Groot GC, Fagerström L (June 2011). "Older adults' motivating factors and barriers to exercise to prevent falls". Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 18 (2): 153–60. doi:10.3109/11038128.2010.487113. PMID 20545467. S2CID 41105819.
Nied RJ, Franklin B (February 2002). "Promoting and prescribing exercise for the elderly". American Family Physician. 65 (3): 419–26. PMID 11858624.
Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA (April 2012). "Muscles, exercise, and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 8 (8): 457–65. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.49. PMID 22473333. S2CID 205480628.
Haskell WL, Troiano RP, Hammond JA, Phillips MJ, Strader LC, Marquez DX, Grant SF, Ramos E (May 2012). "Physical activity and physical fitness: standardizing assessment with the PhenX Toolkit". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 42 (5): 486–92. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.017. PMC 3331998. PMID 22516489.
Chakravertty B, Parkavi K, Coumary SA, Felix AJ (April 2012). "Antepartum cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) quantification by estimation of maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2 max) in pregnant South Indian women". Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 110 (4): 214–7. PMID 23025219.
Osawa Y, Azuma K, Tabata S, Katsukawa F, Ishida H, Oguma Y, Kawai T, Itoh H, Okuda S, Matsumoto H (2014). "Effects of 16-week high-intensity interval training using upper and lower body ergometers on aerobic fitness and morphological changes in healthy men: a preliminary study". Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. 5: 257–65. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S68932. PMC 4226445. PMID 25395872.
Blair SN (December 1993). "1993 C.H. McCloy Research Lecture: physical activity, physical fitness, and health". Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 64 (4): 365–76. doi:10.1080/02701367.1993.10607589. PMID 8278662.
Wisløff, Ulrik; Ellingsen, Øyvind; Kemi, Ole J. (July 2009). "High-Intensity Interval Training to Maximize Cardiac Benefits of Exercise Training?". Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 37 (3): 139–146. doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa65fc. PMID 19550205. S2CID 25057561.
Gillen JB, Gibala MJ (March 2014). "Is high-intensity interval training a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve health and fitness?". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 39 (3): 409–12. doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0187. PMID 24552392.
Giannaki, Christoforos D.; Aphamis, George; Sakkis, Panikos; Hadjicharalambous, Marios (April 2016). "Eight weeks of a combination of high intensity interval training and conventional training reduce visceral adiposity and improve physical fitness: a group-based intervention". The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 56 (4): 483–490. PMID 25567049.
Shiraev T, Barclay G (December 2012). "Evidence based exercise - clinical benefits of high-intensity interval training". Australian Family Physician. 41 (12): 960–2. PMID 23210120.
Colbert LH, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Tracy RP, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M, Taaffe DR, Brach J, Rubin S, Harris TB (July 2004). "Physical activity, exercise, and inflammatory markers in older adults: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 52 (7): 1098–104. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52307.x. PMID 15209647. S2CID 21589600.
Kasapis C, Thompson PD (May 2005). "The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: a systematic review". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 45 (10): 1563–9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.077. PMID 15893167.
Campbell KL, McTiernan A (January 2007). "Exercise and biomarkers for cancer prevention studies". The Journal of Nutrition. 137 (1 Suppl): 161S–169S. doi:10.1093/jn/137.1.161S. PMID 17182820.
Nieman DC (March 1997). "Exercise immunology: practical applications". International Journal of Sports Medicine. 18 (Suppl 1): S91–100. doi:10.1055/s-2007-972705. PMID 9129268. S2CID 6526886.
Fairey AS, Courneya KS, Field CJ, Mackey JR (January 2002). "Physical exercise and immune system function in cancer survivors: a comprehensive review and future directions". Cancer. 94 (2): 539–51. doi:10.1002/cncr.10244. PMID 11900239. S2CID 24526200.
Kruijsen-Jaarsma M, Révész D, Bierings MB, Buffart LM, Takken T (1 January 2013). "Effects of exercise on immune function in patients with cancer: a systematic review". Exercise Immunology Review. 19: 120–43. PMID 23977724.
Westerlind KC (November 2003). "Physical activity and cancer prevention--mechanisms". Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 35 (11): 1834–40. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000093619.37805.B7. PMID 14600547.
Sternfeld B, Dugan S (September 2011). "Physical activity and health during the menopausal transition". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 38 (3): 537–66. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.008. PMC 3270074. PMID 21961719.
Callaghan P (August 2004). "Exercise: a neglected intervention in mental health care?". Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 11 (4): 476–83. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2004.00751.x. PMID 15255923.
Youngstedt, Shawn D; Kline, Christopher E (August 2006). "Epidemiology of exercise and sleep". Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 4 (3): 215–221. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00235.x. ISSN 1446-9235. PMC 4217702. PMID 25374476.
Sharma A, Madaan V, Petty FD (2006). "Exercise for mental health". Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 8 (2): 106. doi:10.4088/PCC.v08n0208a. PMC 1470658. PMID 16862239.
Vancampfort D, Probst M, Scheewe T, De Herdt A, Sweers K, Knapen J, van Winkel R, De Hert M (May 2013). "Relationships between physical fitness, physical activity, smoking and metabolic and mental health parameters in people with schizophrenia". Psychiatry Research. 207 (1–2): 25–32. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.026. PMID 23051886. S2CID 35810181.
Sharma, Ashish; Madaan, Vishal; Petty, Frederick D. (15 April 2006). "Exercise for Mental Health". The Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 08 (2): 106. doi:10.4088/pcc.v08n0208a. PMC 1470658. PMID 16862239.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Haskell WL, Troiano RP, Hammond JA, Phillips MJ, Strader LC, Marquez DX, Grant SF, Ramos E (May 2012). "Physical activity and physical fitness: standardizing assessment with the PhenX Toolkit". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 42 (5): 486–92. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.017. PMC 3331998. PMID 22516489.
Osawa Y, Azuma K, Tabata S, Katsukawa F, Ishida H, Oguma Y, Kawai T, Itoh H, Okuda S, Matsumoto H (2014). "Effects of 16-week high-intensity interval training using upper and lower body ergometers on aerobic fitness and morphological changes in healthy men: a preliminary study". Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. 5: 257–65. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S68932. PMC 4226445. PMID 25395872.
Sternfeld B, Dugan S (September 2011). "Physical activity and health during the menopausal transition". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 38 (3): 537–66. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.008. PMC 3270074. PMID 21961719.
Youngstedt, Shawn D; Kline, Christopher E (August 2006). "Epidemiology of exercise and sleep". Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 4 (3): 215–221. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00235.x. ISSN 1446-9235. PMC 4217702. PMID 25374476.
Sharma A, Madaan V, Petty FD (2006). "Exercise for mental health". Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 8 (2): 106. doi:10.4088/PCC.v08n0208a. PMC 1470658. PMID 16862239.
Sharma, Ashish; Madaan, Vishal; Petty, Frederick D. (15 April 2006). "Exercise for Mental Health". The Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 08 (2): 106. doi:10.4088/pcc.v08n0208a. PMC 1470658. PMID 16862239.

bones.nih.gov

"Exercise for Your Bone Health | NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center". www.bones.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 September 2021.

sccfd.org

"Training: Physical Fitness Program". sccfd.org. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Tremblay MS, Colley RC, Saunders TJ, Healy GN, Owen N (December 2010). "Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 35 (6): 725–40. doi:10.1139/H10-079. PMID 21164543. S2CID 3080739.
de Groot GC, Fagerström L (June 2011). "Older adults' motivating factors and barriers to exercise to prevent falls". Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 18 (2): 153–60. doi:10.3109/11038128.2010.487113. PMID 20545467. S2CID 41105819.
Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA (April 2012). "Muscles, exercise, and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ". Nature Reviews. Endocrinology. 8 (8): 457–65. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.49. PMID 22473333. S2CID 205480628.
Wisløff, Ulrik; Ellingsen, Øyvind; Kemi, Ole J. (July 2009). "High-Intensity Interval Training to Maximize Cardiac Benefits of Exercise Training?". Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 37 (3): 139–146. doi:10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa65fc. PMID 19550205. S2CID 25057561.
Whitehurst, Michael (September 2012). "High-Intensity Interval Training: An Alternative for Older Adults". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 6 (5): 382–386. doi:10.1177/1559827612450262. S2CID 72948004.
Colbert LH, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Tracy RP, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M, Taaffe DR, Brach J, Rubin S, Harris TB (July 2004). "Physical activity, exercise, and inflammatory markers in older adults: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 52 (7): 1098–104. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52307.x. PMID 15209647. S2CID 21589600.
Nieman DC (March 1997). "Exercise immunology: practical applications". International Journal of Sports Medicine. 18 (Suppl 1): S91–100. doi:10.1055/s-2007-972705. PMID 9129268. S2CID 6526886.
Fairey AS, Courneya KS, Field CJ, Mackey JR (January 2002). "Physical exercise and immune system function in cancer survivors: a comprehensive review and future directions". Cancer. 94 (2): 539–51. doi:10.1002/cncr.10244. PMID 11900239. S2CID 24526200.
Vancampfort D, Probst M, Scheewe T, De Herdt A, Sweers K, Knapen J, van Winkel R, De Hert M (May 2013). "Relationships between physical fitness, physical activity, smoking and metabolic and mental health parameters in people with schizophrenia". Psychiatry Research. 207 (1–2): 25–32. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.026. PMID 23051886. S2CID 35810181.

theguardian.com

Shelley, Jake (11 May 2016). "Aquajogging: how, when and why to try it". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved 3 December 2022.

ucdenver.edu

"Training for Cardiovascular Fitness" (PDF). University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora. 2003. Retrieved 22 May 2023.

verywellfit.com

"Boost Your Speed and Endurance With a Simple Exercise Plan". Verywell Fit. Retrieved 22 May 2023.

web.archive.org

"President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Definitions for Health, Fitness, and Physical Activity". fitness.gov. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012.
Colfer GR (19 January 2004). "Skill-related physical fitness essential for sports success". United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. Archived from the original on 17 June 2011.
"Physical Activity Fundamental To Preventing Disease". U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 20 June 2002. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014.
"Training: Physical Fitness Program". sccfd.org. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014.
"Enlist : Army Physical Fitness Test". Army.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Youngstedt, Shawn D; Kline, Christopher E (August 2006). "Epidemiology of exercise and sleep". Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 4 (3): 215–221. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00235.x. ISSN 1446-9235. PMC 4217702. PMID 25374476.

zenodo.org

Colbert LH, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Tracy RP, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M, Taaffe DR, Brach J, Rubin S, Harris TB (July 2004). "Physical activity, exercise, and inflammatory markers in older adults: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 52 (7): 1098–104. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52307.x. PMID 15209647. S2CID 21589600.