References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Phytosterol" in the English version

atherosclerosis-journal.com

Gylling, H; Plat, J; Turley, S; Ginsberg, H. N; Ellegård, L; Jessup, W; Jones, P. J; Lütjohann, D; Maerz, W; Masana, L; Silbernagel, G; Staels, B; Borén, J; Catapano, A. L; De Backer, G; Deanfield, J; Descamps, O. S; Kovanen, P. T; Riccardi, G; Tokgözoglu, L; Chapman, M. J; European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel on Phytosterols (2014). "Plant sterols and plant stanols in the management of dyslipidaemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease". Atherosclerosis. 232 (2): 346–60. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.043. PMID 24468148.

doi.org

Moreau, Robert A.; Nyström, Laura; Whitaker, Bruce D.; Winkler-Moser, Jill K.; Baer, David J.; Gebauer, Sarah K.; Hicks, Kevin B. (2018). "Phytosterols and their derivatives: Structural diversity, distribution, metabolism, analysis, and health-promoting uses". Progress in Lipid Research. 70: 35–61. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2018.04.001. ISSN 1873-2194. PMID 29627611.

Genser, B.; Silbernagel, G.; De Backer, G.; Bruckert, E.; Carmena, R.; Chapman, M. J.; Deanfield, J.; Descamps, O. S.; Rietzschel, E. R.; Dias, K. C.; März, W. (2012). "Plant sterols and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis". European Heart Journal. 33 (4): 444–451. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr441. PMC 3279314. PMID 22334625.

Salehi-Sahlabadi A, Varkaneh HK, Shahdadian F, Ghaedi E, Nouri M, Singh A, Farhadnejad H, Găman MA, Hekmatdoost A, Mirmiran P (2020). "Effects of Phytosterols supplementation on blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin levels in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". J Diabetes Metab Disord. 19 (1): 625–632. doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00526-z. PMC 7270433. PMID 32550215.

Zhang, Tao; Liu, Ruijie; Chang, Ming; Jin, Qingzhe; Zhang, Hui; Wang, Xingguo (2020). "Health benefits of 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols: an exploration beyond 4-desmethyl phytosterols". Food & Function. 11 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1039/C9FO01205B. ISSN 2042-6496. PMID 31804642. S2CID 208646899.

Moreau RA, Hicks KB (2004). "The in vitro hydrolysis of phytosterol conjugates in food matrices by mammalian digestive enzymes". Lipids. 39 (8): 769–76. doi:10.1007/s11745-004-1294-3. PMID 15638245. S2CID 4043005.

Valsta, L. M.; Lemström, A.; Ovaskainen, M.-L.; Lampi, A.-M.; Toivo, J.; Korhonen, T.; Piironen, V. (2007). "Estimation of plant sterol and cholesterol intake in Finland: Quality of new values and their effect on intake". British Journal of Nutrition. 92 (4): 671–8. doi:10.1079/BJN20041234. PMID 15522137.

Jesch ED, Carr TP (2017). "Food Ingredients That Inhibit Cholesterol Absorption". Prev Nutr Food Sci. 22 (2): 67–80. doi:10.3746/pnf.2017.22.2.67. PMC 5503415. PMID 28702423.

Ågren, J. J.; Tvrzicka, E.; Nenonen, M. T.; Helve, T.; Hänninen, O. (2007). "Divergent changes in serum sterols during a strict uncooked vegan diet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis". British Journal of Nutrition. 85 (2): 137–9. doi:10.1079/BJN2000234. PMID 11242480.

Weihrauch, JL; Gardner, JM (1978). "Sterol content of foods of plant origin". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 73 (1): 39–47. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(21)05668-6. PMID 659760. S2CID 43470157.

Andersson, S W; Skinner, J; Ellegård, L; Welch, A A; Bingham, S; Mulligan, A; Andersson, H; Khaw, K-T (2004). "Intake of dietary plant sterols is inversely related to serum cholesterol concentration in men and women in the EPIC Norfolk population: A cross-sectional study". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 58 (10): 1378–85. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601980. PMID 15054420. S2CID 19049641.

Alfred Thomas (2007), "Fats and Fatty Oils", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.), Wiley, p. 9, doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_173, ISBN 978-3527306732

Pollak, OJ (1953). "Reduction of blood cholesterol in man". Circulation. 7 (5): 702–6. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.7.5.702. PMID 13042924. S2CID 3165910.

Tilvis, RS; Miettinen, TA (1986). "Serum plant sterols and their relation to cholesterol absorption". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 43 (1): 92–7. doi:10.1093/ajcn/43.1.92. PMID 3942097.

Jones, PJ (2007). "Ingestion of phytosterols is not potentially hazardous". The Journal of Nutrition. 137 (11): 2485, author reply 2486. doi:10.1093/jn/137.11.2485. PMID 17951490.

Weingartner, O.; Bohm, M.; Laufs, U. (2008). "Controversial role of plant sterol esters in the management of hypercholesterolaemia". European Heart Journal. 30 (4): 404–9. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn580. PMC 2642922. PMID 19158117.

Nguyen, Tu T. (1999). "The Cholesterol-Lowering Action of Plant Stanol Esters". The Journal of Nutrition. 129 (12): 2109–2112. doi:10.1093/jn/129.12.2109. PMID 10573535.

Trautwein, Elke A.; Duchateau, Guus S. M. J. E.; Lin, Yuguang; Mel'nikov, Sergey M.; Molhuizen, Henry O.F.; Ntanios, Fady Y. (2003). "Proposed mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering action of plant sterols". European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 105 (3–4): 171–185. doi:10.1002/ejlt.200390033.

De Smet, E; Mensink, RP; Plat, J (2012). "Effects of plant sterols and stanols on intestinal cholesterol metabolism: suggested mechanisms from past to present". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 56 (7): 1058–72. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100722. PMID 22623436.

Scholle, JM; Baker, WL; Talati, R; Coleman, CI (2009). "The effect of adding plant sterols or stanols to statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 28 (5): 517–24. doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10719784. PMID 20439548. S2CID 41438503.

Katan, M. B.; Grundy, S. M.; Jones, P.; Law, M.; Miettinen, T.; Paoletti, R.; Stresa Workshop, Participants (2003). "Efficacy and Safety of Plant Stanols and Sterols in the Management of Blood Cholesterol Levels". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 78 (8): 965–78. doi:10.4065/78.8.965. PMID 12911045.

Lea, L.J.; Hepburn, P.A. (2006). "Safety evaluation of phytosterol-esters. Part 9: Results of a European post-launch monitoring programme". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 44 (8): 1213–22. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2006.01.017. PMID 16542769.

Silbernagel, G.; Fauler, G.; Renner, W.; Landl, E. M.; Hoffmann, M. M.; Winkelmann, B. R.; Boehm, B. O.; Marz, W. (2008). "The relationships of cholesterol metabolism and plasma plant sterols with the severity of coronary artery disease". The Journal of Lipid Research. 50 (2): 334–41. doi:10.1194/jlr.P800013-JLR200. PMID 18769018.

Silbernagel, G.; Fauler, G.; Hoffmann, M. M.; Lutjohann, D.; Winkelmann, B. R.; Boehm, B. O.; Marz, W. (2010). "The associations of cholesterol metabolism and plasma plant sterols with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality". The Journal of Lipid Research. 51 (8): 2384–93. doi:10.1194/jlr.P002899. PMC 2903788. PMID 20228406.

Strandberg, Timo E.; Gylling, Helena; Tilvis, Reijo S.; Miettinen, Tatu A. (2010). "Serum plant and other noncholesterol sterols, cholesterol metabolism and 22-year mortality among middle-aged men". Atherosclerosis. 210 (1): 282–7. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.007. PMID 19962145.

Fassbender, Klaus; Lütjohann, Dieter; Dik, Miranda G.; Bremmer, Marijke; König, Jochem; Walter, Silke; Liu, Yang; Letièmbre, Maryse; Von Bergmann, Klaus (2008). "Moderately elevated plant sterol levels are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk—The LASA study". Atherosclerosis. 196 (1): 283–8. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.10.032. PMID 17137582.

Rajaratnam, Radhakrishnan A; Gylling, Helena; Miettinen, Tatu A (2000). "Independent association of serum squalene and noncholesterol sterols with coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 35 (5): 1185–91. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00527-1. PMID 10758959.

Assmann, Gerd; Cullen, Paul; Erbey, John; Ramey, Dena R.; Kannenberg, Frank; Schulte, Helmut (2006). "Plasma sitosterol elevations are associated with an increased incidence of coronary events in men: Results of a nested case-control analysis of the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) study". Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 16 (1): 13–21. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.04.001. PMID 16399487.

Sudhop, Thomas; Gottwald, Britta M.; Von Bergmann, Klaus (2002). "Serum plant sterols as a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease". Metabolism. 51 (12): 1519–21. doi:10.1053/meta.2002.36298. PMID 12489060.

Pinedo, S.; Vissers, M. N.; Bergmann, K. v.; Elharchaoui, K.; Lutjohann, D.; Luben, R.; Wareham, N. J.; Kastelein, J. J. P.; Khaw, K.-T.; Boekholdt, S. M. (2006). "Plasma levels of plant sterols and the risk of coronary artery disease: The prospective EPIC-Norfolk Population Study". The Journal of Lipid Research. 48 (1): 139–44. doi:10.1194/jlr.M600371-JLR200. PMID 17074925.

Hallikainen, M A; Sarkkinen, E S; Gylling, H; Erkkilä, A T; Uusitupa, M I J (2000). "Comparison of the effects of plant sterol ester and plant stanol ester-enriched margarines in lowering serum cholesterol concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects on a low-fat diet". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 54 (9): 715–25. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601083. PMID 11002384. S2CID 19548242.

O'Neill, F.H.; Brynes, A.; Mandeno, R.; Rendell, N.; Taylor, G.; Seed, M.; Thompson, G.R. (2004). "Comparison of the effects of dietary plant sterol and stanol esters on lipid metabolism". Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 14 (3): 133–42. doi:10.1016/S0939-4753(04)80033-4. PMID 15330272.

Vanstone, CA; Raeini-Sarjaz, M; Parsons, WE; Jones, PJ (2002). "Unesterified plant sterols and stanols lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations equivalently in hypercholesterolemic persons". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 76 (6): 1272–8. doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1272. PMID 12450893.

Talati, Ripple; Sobieraj, Diana M.; Makanji, Sagar S.; Phung, Olivia J.; Coleman, Craig I. (2010). "The Comparative Efficacy of Plant Sterols and Stanols on Serum Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 110 (5): 719–26. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.02.011. PMID 20430133.

Hartmann, Marie-Andrée (1998). "Plant sterols and the membrane environment". Trends in Plant Science. 3 (5): 170–175. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01233-3.

De Smet, E; Mensink, R. P; Plat, J (2012). "Effects of plant sterols and stanols on intestinal cholesterol metabolism: Suggested mechanisms from past to present". Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 56 (7): 1058–72. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100722. PMID 22623436.

De Bruyne, L; Höfte, M; De Vleesschauwer, D (2014). "Connecting growth and defense: The emerging roles of brassinosteroids and gibberellins in plant innate immunity". Molecular Plant. 7 (6): 943–59. doi:10.1093/mp/ssu050. PMID 24777987.

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jesch ED, Carr TP (2017). "Food Ingredients That Inhibit Cholesterol Absorption". Prev Nutr Food Sci. 22 (2): 67–80. doi:10.3746/pnf.2017.22.2.67. PMC 5503415. PMID 28702423.

Pollak, OJ (1953). "Reduction of blood cholesterol in man". Circulation. 7 (5): 702–6. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.7.5.702. PMID 13042924. S2CID 3165910.

Jones, PJ (2007). "Ingestion of phytosterols is not potentially hazardous". The Journal of Nutrition. 137 (11): 2485, author reply 2486. doi:10.1093/jn/137.11.2485. PMID 17951490.

Nguyen, Tu T. (1999). "The Cholesterol-Lowering Action of Plant Stanol Esters". The Journal of Nutrition. 129 (12): 2109–2112. doi:10.1093/jn/129.12.2109. PMID 10573535.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Pollak, OJ (1953). "Reduction of blood cholesterol in man". Circulation. 7 (5): 702–6. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.7.5.702. PMID 13042924. S2CID 3165910.

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