Broun 1997; Broun 2001; Forsyth 2005, pp. 28–32; Woolf 2001; cf. Bannerman 1999, passim, representing the "traditional" view. Broun, Dauvit (1997), "Dunkeld and the origin of Scottish Identity", The Innes Review, 48 (2): 112–124, doi:10.3366/inr.1997.48.2.112Broun, Dauvit (2001), Lynch, Michael (ed.), "National identity: Early medieval and the formation of Alba", The Oxford Companion to Scottish History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 437 Forsyth, Katherine (2005), Wormald, J. (ed.), "Origins: Scotland to 1100", Scotland: a History, Oxford University Press Woolf, Alex (2001), Lynch, Michael (ed.), "Constantine II", The Oxford Companion to Scottish History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 106 Bannerman, John (1999), Broun, Dauvit; Clancy, Thomas Owen (eds.), "The Scottish Takeover of Pictland and the relics of Columba", Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots: Saint Columba, Iona and Scotland, Edinburgh: T.& T. Clark
See for example Bede 1910, HE I.1; Forsyth 2006 suggests this tradition originated from a misreading of Servius' fifth-century AD commentary on Virgil's Aeneid: Aeneid 4:146 reads: Cretesque Dryopesque fremunt pictique Agathyrsi. Servius' commentary states: Pictique Agathyrsi populi sunt Scythiae, colentes Apollinem hyperboreum, cuius logia, id est responsa, feruntur. 'Picti' autem, non stigmata habentes, sicut gens in Britannia, sed pulchri, hoc est cyanea coma placentes. Which actually states that the Scythian Agathyrsi did not "bear marks" like the British, but had blue hair. Bede (1910), Ecclesiastical History of England Book 1, retrieved 18 December 2012 – via sourcebooks.fordham.edu Forsyth, Katherine (2006), "Pictish Language and Documents", in Koch, John T. (ed.), Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 1: Aberdeen breviary - Celticism, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO Servius, Servii Grammatici in Vergilii Aeneidos Librum Quartum Commentarius, retrieved 14 July 2014Virgil, Aeneid, retrieved 14 July 2014
All other research into Pictish has been described as a postscript to Buchanan's work. This view may be something of an oversimplification: Forsyth 1997 offers a short account of the debate; Cowan 2000 may be helpful for a broader view. Forsyth, Katherine (1997), Language in Pictland: The Case Against 'Non-Indo-European Pictish'(PDF), Utrecht: de Keltische Draak, ISBN978-90-802785-5-4, retrieved 4 February 2010 Cowan, E. J. (2000), "The invention of Celtic Scotland", in Cowan, E. J.; McDonald, R. A. (eds.), Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Medieval Era, East Linton, Scotland: Tuckwell Press, pp. 1–23
See for example Bede 1910, HE I.1; Forsyth 2006 suggests this tradition originated from a misreading of Servius' fifth-century AD commentary on Virgil's Aeneid: Aeneid 4:146 reads: Cretesque Dryopesque fremunt pictique Agathyrsi. Servius' commentary states: Pictique Agathyrsi populi sunt Scythiae, colentes Apollinem hyperboreum, cuius logia, id est responsa, feruntur. 'Picti' autem, non stigmata habentes, sicut gens in Britannia, sed pulchri, hoc est cyanea coma placentes. Which actually states that the Scythian Agathyrsi did not "bear marks" like the British, but had blue hair. Bede (1910), Ecclesiastical History of England Book 1, retrieved 18 December 2012 – via sourcebooks.fordham.edu Forsyth, Katherine (2006), "Pictish Language and Documents", in Koch, John T. (ed.), Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 1: Aberdeen breviary - Celticism, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO Servius, Servii Grammatici in Vergilii Aeneidos Librum Quartum Commentarius, retrieved 14 July 2014Virgil, Aeneid, retrieved 14 July 2014
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For a discussion of Sibbald's misunderstanding and of Pinkerton's thesis, see Ferguson 1991. Ferguson, William (1991), "George Buchanan and the Picts", Scottish Tradition, vol. XVI, pp. 18–32, retrieved 16 December 2012
