Pigment (English Wikipedia)

Gürses, A.; Açıkyıldız, M.; Güneş, K.; Gürses, M.S. (2016). "Dyes and Pigments: Their Structure and Properties". Dyes and Pigments. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science. Springer. pp. 13–29. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33892-7_2. ISBN 978-3-319-33890-3. Dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution during the application process and impart color by selective absorption of light. Pigments are colored, colorless, or fluorescent particulate organic or inorganic finely divided solids which are usually insoluble in, and essentially chemically unaffected by, the vehicle or medium in which they are incorporated.
Völz, Hans G.; et al. (2006). "Pigments, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2. ISBN 3527306730.
Hunger, Klaus; Herbst, Willy (2000). "Pigments, Organic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_371. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
Berke, Heinz (2007). "The invention of blue and purple pigments in ancient times". Chemical Society Reviews. 36 (1): 15–30. Bibcode:2007CSRev..36...15B. doi:10.1039/b606268g. PMID 17173142.
Hatton, G.D.; Shortland, A.J.; Tite, M.S. (2008). "The production technology of Egyptian blue and green frits from second millenium BC Egypt and Mesopotamia". Journal of Archaeological Science. 35 (6): 1591–1604. Bibcode:2008JArSc..35.1591H. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.008.
Dariz, Petra; Schmid, Thomas (2021). "Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing". Scientific Reports. 11 (11296): 11296. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1111296D. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90759-6. PMC 8163881. PMID 34050218.
Kaul, B L (June 1993). "Coloration of plastics using organic pigments". Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics. 23 (1): 19–35. doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1993.tb00093.x. ISSN 0557-9325 – via Wiley Online Library.
Ines Schreiver, Christoph Hutzler, Peter Laux, Hans-Peter Berlien, Andreas Luch (5 August 2015), "Formation of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide upon ruby laser irradiation of the tattoo pigment phthalocyanine blue", Scientific Reports, vol. 5, Bibcode:2015NatSR...512915S, doi:10.1038/srep12915, PMC 4525383, PMID 26243473{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Bien, Hans-Samuel; Stawitz, Josef; Wunderlich, Klaus (2000). "Anthraquinone Dyes and Intermediates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_355. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
Karakaya, Ekin; Mavis, Bora; Gündüz, Güngör (17 October 2016). "Synthesis of opaque and colored hollow polymer pigments". Polymer Engineering & Science. 57 (9): 913–920. doi:10.1002/pen.24468. ISSN 0032-3888 – via Wiley Online Library.
Ghannam, Léïla; Garay, Hélène; Billon, Laurent (30 September 2008). "Sensitive Colored Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Pigments Based on Polymer-Coated Microsized Particles". Macromolecules. 41 (20): 7374–7382. Bibcode:2008MaMol..41.7374G. doi:10.1021/ma800522k. ISSN 0024-9297 – via ACS Publications.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

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FDA: CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, retrieved 17 August 2018.

gamma-sci.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Dictionary of Color Terms". Gamma Scientific. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.

helloartsy.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Color Appearance". Hello Artsy. 2 September 2013.

ijbio.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sahoo, Annapurna; Panigrahi, G. K. (1 September 2016). "A review on Natural Dye: Gift from bacteria" (PDF). International Journal of Bioassays. 5 (9): 4909.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Berke, Heinz (2007). "The invention of blue and purple pigments in ancient times". Chemical Society Reviews. 36 (1): 15–30. Bibcode:2007CSRev..36...15B. doi:10.1039/b606268g. PMID 17173142.
Dariz, Petra; Schmid, Thomas (2021). "Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing". Scientific Reports. 11 (11296): 11296. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1111296D. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90759-6. PMC 8163881. PMID 34050218.
Ines Schreiver, Christoph Hutzler, Peter Laux, Hans-Peter Berlien, Andreas Luch (5 August 2015), "Formation of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide upon ruby laser irradiation of the tattoo pigment phthalocyanine blue", Scientific Reports, vol. 5, Bibcode:2015NatSR...512915S, doi:10.1038/srep12915, PMC 4525383, PMID 26243473{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dariz, Petra; Schmid, Thomas (2021). "Trace compounds in Early Medieval Egyptian blue carry information on provenance, manufacture, application, and ageing". Scientific Reports. 11 (11296): 11296. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1111296D. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90759-6. PMC 8163881. PMID 34050218.
Ines Schreiver, Christoph Hutzler, Peter Laux, Hans-Peter Berlien, Andreas Luch (5 August 2015), "Formation of highly toxic hydrogen cyanide upon ruby laser irradiation of the tattoo pigment phthalocyanine blue", Scientific Reports, vol. 5, Bibcode:2015NatSR...512915S, doi:10.1038/srep12915, PMC 4525383, PMID 26243473{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

rsc.org (Global: 2,104^th place; English: 1,855^th place)

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Berke, Heinz (2007). "The invention of blue and purple pigments in ancient times". Chemical Society Reviews. 36 (1): 15–30. Bibcode:2007CSRev..36...15B. doi:10.1039/b606268g. PMID 17173142.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Hatton, G.D.; Shortland, A.J.; Tite, M.S. (2008). "The production technology of Egyptian blue and green frits from second millenium BC Egypt and Mesopotamia". Journal of Archaeological Science. 35 (6): 1591–1604. Bibcode:2008JArSc..35.1591H. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.008.

uea.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 6,154^th place)

www2.cmp.uea.ac.uk

"Chromatic Adaptation". cmp.uea.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2009.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Earliest evidence of art found". BBC News. 2 May 2000. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
"Pigments Through the Ages". WebExhibits. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2007.
Lead white Archived 25 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine at ColourLex
"History of Indian yellow". Pigments Through the Ages. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
Johannes Vermeer, The Milkmaid Archived 14 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine, ColourLex
"Dictionary of Color Terms". Gamma Scientific. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
"Chromatic Adaptation". cmp.uea.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
Hansen, Tony. "Manganese Dioxide". Digital Fire. Archived from the original on 27 September 2025. Retrieved 27 September 2025.
Engineer Manual 1110-2-3400 Painting: New Construction and Maintenance (PDF). 30 April 1995. pp. 4–12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
E. Engel, R. Vasold, W. Bäumler: Tätowierungspigmente im Fokus der Forschung at the Wayback Machine (archived 2016-12-01). In Nachrichten aus der Chemie, 55/2007, S. 847–849.

webexhibits.org (Global: 8,331^st place; English: 8,510^th place)

"Pigments Through the Ages". WebExhibits. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2007.
"History of Indian yellow". Pigments Through the Ages. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2015.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

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St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. pp. 21, 237. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. p. 146. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
Kaul, B L (June 1993). "Coloration of plastics using organic pigments". Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics. 23 (1): 19–35. doi:10.1111/j.1478-4408.1993.tb00093.x. ISSN 0557-9325 – via Wiley Online Library.
Karakaya, Ekin; Mavis, Bora; Gündüz, Güngör (17 October 2016). "Synthesis of opaque and colored hollow polymer pigments". Polymer Engineering & Science. 57 (9): 913–920. doi:10.1002/pen.24468. ISSN 0032-3888 – via Wiley Online Library.
Ghannam, Léïla; Garay, Hélène; Billon, Laurent (30 September 2008). "Sensitive Colored Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Pigments Based on Polymer-Coated Microsized Particles". Macromolecules. 41 (20): 7374–7382. Bibcode:2008MaMol..41.7374G. doi:10.1021/ma800522k. ISSN 0024-9297 – via ACS Publications.

Pigment (English Wikipedia)

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