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Bhasker, Jayaram; Sahni, Sartaj (1988), "A linear algorithm to find a rectangular dual of a planar triangulated graph", Algorithmica, 3 (1–4): 247–278, doi:10.1007/BF01762117, S2CID2709057.
Hakimi, S. L.; Schmeichel, E. F. (1978), "On the connectivity of maximal planar graphs", Journal of Graph Theory, 2 (4): 307–314, doi:10.1002/jgt.3190020404, MR0512801; Hakimi and Schmeichel credit the 3-connectivity of maximal planar graphs to a theorem of Hassler Whitney.
Seymour, P. D.; Weaver, R. W. (1984), "A generalization of chordal graphs", Journal of Graph Theory, 8 (2): 241–251, doi:10.1002/jgt.3190080206, MR0742878.
Felsner, Stefan (2004), "1.4 Outerplanar Graphs and Convex Geometric Graphs", Geometric graphs and arrangements, Advanced Lectures in Mathematics, Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Wiesbaden, pp. 6–7, doi:10.1007/978-3-322-80303-0_1, ISBN3-528-06972-4, MR2061507
Sysło, Maciej M.; Proskurowski, Andrzej (1983), "On Halin graphs", Graph Theory: Proceedings of a Conference held in Lagów, Poland, February 10–13, 1981, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1018, Springer-Verlag, pp. 248–256, doi:10.1007/BFb0071635, ISBN978-3-540-12687-4.
Trudeau, Richard J. (1993), Introduction to Graph Theory (Corrected, enlarged republication. ed.), New York: Dover Pub., p. 64, ISBN978-0-486-67870-2, retrieved 8 August 2012, Thus a planar graph, when drawn on a flat surface, either has no edge-crossings or can be redrawn without them.
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Bhasker, Jayaram; Sahni, Sartaj (1988), "A linear algorithm to find a rectangular dual of a planar triangulated graph", Algorithmica, 3 (1–4): 247–278, doi:10.1007/BF01762117, S2CID2709057.