Plastic (English Wikipedia)

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bbc.co.uk

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cbc.ca

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Andrady AL, Neal MA (July 2009). "Applications and societal benefits of plastics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1977–84. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0304. PMC 2873019. PMID 19528050.
Geyer, Roland; Jambeck, Jenna R.; Law, Kara Lavender (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7): e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Heeger AJ, Kivelson S, Schrieffer JR, Su WP (1988). "Solitons in Conducting Polymers". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60 (3): 781–850. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..781H. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.781.
Brandl H, Püchner P (1992). "Biodegradation Biodegradation of Plastic Bottles Made from 'Biopol' in an Aquatic Ecosystem Under In Situ Conditions". Biodegradation. 2 (4): 237–43. doi:10.1007/BF00114555. S2CID 37486324.
Hahladakis JN, Velis CA, Weber R, Iacovidou E, Purnell P (February 2018). "An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 344: 179–199. Bibcode:2018JHzM..344..179H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.014. PMID 29035713.
Marturano, Valentina; Cerruti, Pierfrancesco; Ambrogi, Veronica (June 27, 2017). "Polymer additives". Physical Sciences Reviews. 2 (6): 130. Bibcode:2017PhSRv...2..130M. doi:10.1515/psr-2016-0130. S2CID 199059895.
Pfaendner, Rudolf (September 2006). "How will additives shape the future of plastics?". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 91 (9): 2249–2256. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.10.017.
Wiesinger, Helene; Wang, Zhanyun; Hellweg, Stefanie (July 6, 2021). "Deep Dive into Plastic Monomers, Additives, and Processing Aids". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (13): 9339–9351. Bibcode:2021EnST...55.9339W. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00976. hdl:20.500.11850/495854. PMID 34154322. S2CID 235597312.
Elias, Hans-Georg; Mülhaupt, Rolf (April 14, 2015). "Plastics, General Survey, 1. Definition, Molecular Structure and Properties". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry: 1–70. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_543.pub2. ISBN 9783527306732.
Teuten EL, Saquing JM, Knappe DR, Barlaz MA, Jonsson S, Björn A, et al. (July 2009). "Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 2027–45. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0284. PMC 2873017. PMID 19528054.
"Impact modifiers: how to make your compound tougher". Plastics, Additives and Compounding. 6 (3): 46–49. May 2004. doi:10.1016/S1464-391X(04)00203-X.
Hahladakis JN, Velis CA, Weber R, Iacovidou E, Purnell P (February 2018). "An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 344: 179–199. Bibcode:2018JHzM..344..179H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.014. PMID 29035713.
Yang CZ, Yaniger SI, Jordan VC, Klein DJ, Bittner GD (July 2011). "Most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals: a potential health problem that can be solved". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (7): 989–96. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..989Y. doi:10.1289/ehp.1003220. PMC 3222987. PMID 21367689.
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Alonso-Magdalena P, Morimoto S, Ripoll C, Fuentes E, Nadal A (January 2006). "The estrogenic effect of bisphenol A disrupts pancreatic beta-cell function in vivo and induces insulin resistance". Environmental Health Perspectives. 114 (1): 106–12. Bibcode:2006EnvHP.114..106A. doi:10.1289/ehp.8451. PMC 1332664. PMID 16393666. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009.
Geyer R, Jambeck JR, Law KL (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7): e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Schmidt C, Krauth T, Wagner S (November 2017). "Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea" (PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 51 (21): 12246–12253. Bibcode:2017EnST...5112246S. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b02368. PMID 29019247. The 10 top-ranked rivers transport 88–95% of the global load into the sea
Barnes DK, Galgani F, Thompson RC, Barlaz M (July 2009). "Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1985–98. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0205. PMC 2873009. PMID 19528051.
Thompson RC, Swan SH, Moore CJ, vom Saal FS (July 2009). "Our plastic age". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1973–6. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0054. PMC 2874019. PMID 19528049.
Cabernard, Livia; Pfister, Stephan; Oberschelp, Christopher; Hellweg, Stefanie (December 2, 2021). "Growing environmental footprint of plastics driven by coal combustion". Nature Sustainability. 5 (2): 139–148. Bibcode:2021NatSu...5..139C. doi:10.1038/s41893-021-00807-2. hdl:20.500.11850/518642. ISSN 2398-9629. S2CID 244803448.
Frias, J.P.G.L.; Nash, Roisin (January 2019). "Microplastics: Finding a consensus on the definition". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 138: 145–147. Bibcode:2019MarPB.138..145F. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.022. PMID 30660255.
Green, Dannielle Senga; Jefferson, Megan; Boots, Bas; Stone, Leon (January 2021). "All that glitters is litter? Ecological impacts of conventional versus biodegradable glitter in a freshwater habitat". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 402: 124070. Bibcode:2021JHzM..40224070G. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124070. PMID 33254837.
Cole, M; Lindeque, P; Fileman, E; Halsband, C; Goodhead, R; Moger, J; Galloway, TS (2013). "Microplastic Ingestion by Zooplankton" (PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 47 (12): 6646–6655. Bibcode:2013EnST...47.6646C. doi:10.1021/es400663f. hdl:10871/19651. PMID 23692270.
Boucher, Julien; Friot, Damien (2017). Primary microplastics in the oceans: A global evaluation of sources. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2017.01.en. ISBN 978-2-8317-1827-9.
Kovochich, M; Liong, M; Parker, JA; Oh, SC; Lee, JP; Xi, L; Kreider, ML; Unice, KM (February 2021). "Chemical mapping of tire and road wear particles for single particle analysis". Science of the Total Environment. 757: 144085. Bibcode:2021ScTEn.75744085K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144085. PMID 33333431.
Conkle, JL; Báez Del Valle, CD; Turner, JW (2018). "Are We Underestimating Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments?". Environmental Management. 61 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2018EnMan..61....1C. doi:10.1007/s00267-017-0947-8. PMID 29043380.
Chamas, Ali; Moon, Hyunjin; Zheng, Jiajia; Qiu, Yang; Tabassum, Tarnuma; Jang, Jun Hee; Abu-Omar, Mahdi; Scott, Susannah L.; Suh, Sangwon (2020). "Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 8 (9): 3494–3511. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06635.
Klein S, Dimzon IK, Eubeler J, Knepper TP (2018). "Analysis, Occurrence, and Degradation of Microplastics in the Aqueous Environment". In Wagner M, Lambert S (eds.). Freshwater Microplastics. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Vol. 58. Cham.: Springer. pp. 51–67. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_3. ISBN 978-3-319-61614-8. See Section 3, "Environmental Degradation of Synthetic Polymers".
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Hopewell, Jefferson; Dvorak, Robert; Kosior, Edward (July 27, 2009). "Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 2115–2126. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0311. PMC 2873020. PMID 19528059.
Lange, Jean-Paul (November 12, 2021). "Managing Plastic Waste─Sorting, Recycling, Disposal, and Product Redesign". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 9 (47): 15722–15738. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05013.
Rudolph, Natalie S.; Kiesel, Raphael; Aumanate, Chuanchom (2021). Understanding Plastics Recycling:Economic, Ecological, and Technical Aspects of Plastic Waste Handling (2nd ed.). Munich: Hanser. doi:10.1016/C2020-0-01631-2 (inactive February 18, 2025). ISBN 978-1-56990-846-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2025 (link)
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ehponline.org

Alonso-Magdalena P, Morimoto S, Ripoll C, Fuentes E, Nadal A (January 2006). "The estrogenic effect of bisphenol A disrupts pancreatic beta-cell function in vivo and induces insulin resistance". Environmental Health Perspectives. 114 (1): 106–12. Bibcode:2006EnvHP.114..106A. doi:10.1289/ehp.8451. PMC 1332664. PMID 16393666. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009.

eib.org

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epa.gov

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etymonline.com

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handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Wiesinger, Helene; Wang, Zhanyun; Hellweg, Stefanie (July 6, 2021). "Deep Dive into Plastic Monomers, Additives, and Processing Aids". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (13): 9339–9351. Bibcode:2021EnST...55.9339W. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00976. hdl:20.500.11850/495854. PMID 34154322. S2CID 235597312.
Cabernard, Livia; Pfister, Stephan; Oberschelp, Christopher; Hellweg, Stefanie (December 2, 2021). "Growing environmental footprint of plastics driven by coal combustion". Nature Sustainability. 5 (2): 139–148. Bibcode:2021NatSu...5..139C. doi:10.1038/s41893-021-00807-2. hdl:20.500.11850/518642. ISSN 2398-9629. S2CID 244803448.
Cole, M; Lindeque, P; Fileman, E; Halsband, C; Goodhead, R; Moger, J; Galloway, TS (2013). "Microplastic Ingestion by Zooplankton" (PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 47 (12): 6646–6655. Bibcode:2013EnST...47.6646C. doi:10.1021/es400663f. hdl:10871/19651. PMID 23692270.
Tratzi, Patrizio; Giuliani, Chiara; Torre, Marco; Tomassetti, Laura; Petrucci, Roberto; Iannoni, Antonio; Torre, Luigi; Genova, Salvatore; Paolini, Valerio; Petracchini, Francesco; Di Carlo, Gabriella (September 1, 2021). "Effect of Hard Plastic Waste on the Quality of Recycled Polypropylene Blends". Recycling. 6 (3): 58. doi:10.3390/recycling6030058. hdl:11573/1672407. ISSN 2313-4321.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

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