Plastic (English Wikipedia)

"How Long Does it Take Trash to Decompose". 4Ocean. January 20, 2017. Archived from the original on September 25, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018.

acs.org (Global: 865^th place; English: 887^th place)

acs.org

American Chemical Society National Historic Chemical Landmarks. "Bakelite: The World's First Synthetic Plastic". Retrieved February 23, 2015.

cen.acs.org

Tullo, Alexander (October 10, 2022). "Amid controversy, industry goes all in on plastics pyrolysis". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved January 17, 2023.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Geyer, Roland; Jambeck, Jenna R.; Law, Kara Lavender (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7) e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Heeger AJ, Kivelson S, Schrieffer JR, Su WP (1988). "Solitons in Conducting Polymers". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60 (3): 781–850. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..781H. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.781.
Hahladakis JN, Velis CA, Weber R, Iacovidou E, Purnell P (February 2018). "An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 344: 179–199. Bibcode:2018JHzM..344..179H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.014. PMID 29035713.
Marturano, Valentina; Cerruti, Pierfrancesco; Ambrogi, Veronica (June 27, 2017). "Polymer additives". Physical Sciences Reviews. 2 (6): 130. Bibcode:2017PhSRv...2..130M. doi:10.1515/psr-2016-0130. S2CID 199059895.
Wiesinger, Helene; Wang, Zhanyun; Hellweg, Stefanie (July 6, 2021). "Deep Dive into Plastic Monomers, Additives, and Processing Aids". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (13): 9339–9351. Bibcode:2021EnST...55.9339W. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00976. hdl:20.500.11850/495854. PMID 34154322. S2CID 235597312.
Hahladakis JN, Velis CA, Weber R, Iacovidou E, Purnell P (February 2018). "An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 344: 179–199. Bibcode:2018JHzM..344..179H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.014. PMID 29035713.
Yang CZ, Yaniger SI, Jordan VC, Klein DJ, Bittner GD (July 2011). "Most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals: a potential health problem that can be solved". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (7): 989–96. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..989Y. doi:10.1289/ehp.1003220 (inactive January 29, 2026). PMC 3222987. PMID 21367689.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link)
Alonso-Magdalena P, Morimoto S, Ripoll C, Fuentes E, Nadal A (January 2006). "The estrogenic effect of bisphenol A disrupts pancreatic beta-cell function in vivo and induces insulin resistance". Environmental Health Perspectives. 114 (1): 106–12. Bibcode:2006EnvHP.114..106A. doi:10.1289/ehp.8451 (inactive January 29, 2026). PMC 1332664. PMID 16393666. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link)
Geyer R, Jambeck JR, Law KL (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7) e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Schmidt C, Krauth T, Wagner S (November 2017). "Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea" (PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 51 (21): 12246–12253. Bibcode:2017EnST...5112246S. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b02368. PMID 29019247. The 10 top-ranked rivers transport 88–95% of the global load into the sea
Cabernard, Livia; Pfister, Stephan; Oberschelp, Christopher; Hellweg, Stefanie (December 2, 2021). "Growing environmental footprint of plastics driven by coal combustion". Nature Sustainability. 5 (2): 139–148. Bibcode:2021NatSu...5..139C. doi:10.1038/s41893-021-00807-2. hdl:20.500.11850/518642. ISSN 2398-9629. S2CID 244803448.
Boctor, Joseph (2025). "Microplastics and nanoplastics: fate, transport, and governance from agricultural soil to food webs and humans". Environmental Sciences Europe. 37 (1) 68. Bibcode:2025ESEur..37...68B. doi:10.1186/s12302-025-01104-x.
Green, Dannielle Senga; Jefferson, Megan; Boots, Bas; Stone, Leon (January 2021). "All that glitters is litter? Ecological impacts of conventional versus biodegradable glitter in a freshwater habitat". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 402 124070. Bibcode:2021JHzM..40224070G. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124070. PMID 33254837.
Cole, M; Lindeque, P; Fileman, E; Halsband, C; Goodhead, R; Moger, J; Galloway, TS (2013). "Microplastic Ingestion by Zooplankton" (PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 47 (12): 6646–6655. Bibcode:2013EnST...47.6646C. doi:10.1021/es400663f. hdl:10871/19651. PMID 23692270.
Kovochich, M; Liong, M; Parker, JA; Oh, SC; Lee, JP; Xi, L; Kreider, ML; Unice, KM (February 2021). "Chemical mapping of tire and road wear particles for single particle analysis". Science of the Total Environment. 757 144085. Bibcode:2021ScTEn.75744085K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144085. PMID 33333431.
Conkle, Jeremy L.; Báez Del Valle, Christian D.; Turner, Jeffrey W. (2018). "Are We Underestimating Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments?". Environmental Management. 61 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2018EnMan..61....1C. doi:10.1007/s00267-017-0947-8. PMID 29043380.
Chamas, Ali; Moon, Hyunjin; Zheng, Jiajia; Qiu, Yang; Tabassum, Tarnuma; Jang, Jun Hee; Abu-Omar, Mahdi; Scott, Susannah L.; Suh, Sangwon (2020). "Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 8 (9): 3494–3511. Bibcode:2020ASCE....8.3494C. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06635.
Yu, Jie; Sun, Lushi; Ma, Chuan; Qiao, Yu; Yao, Hong (2016). "Thermal degradation of PVC: A review". Waste Management. 48: 300–314. Bibcode:2016WaMan..48..300Y. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.041. PMID 26687228.
Chamas, Ali; Moon, Hyunjin; Zheng, Jiajia; Qiu, Yang; Tabassum, Tarnuma; Jang, Jun Hee; Abu-Omar, Mahdi; Scott, Susannah L.; Suh, Sangwon (2020). "Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 8 (9): 3494–3511. Bibcode:2020ASCE....8.3494C. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06635.
Tokiwa Y, Calabia BP, Ugwu CU, Aiba S (August 2009). "Biodegradability of plastics". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 10 (9): 3722–42. Bibcode:2009IJMSc..10.3722T. doi:10.3390/ijms10093722. PMC 2769161. PMID 19865515.
Russell JR, Huang J, Anand P, Kucera K, Sandoval AG, Dantzler KW, et al. (September 2011). "Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 6076–84. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.6076R. doi:10.1128/aem.00521-11. PMC 3165411. PMID 21764951.
Russell JR, Huang J, Anand P, Kucera K, Sandoval AG, Dantzler KW, et al. (September 2011). "Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by endophytic fungi". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (17): 6076–84. Bibcode:2011ApEnM..77.6076R. doi:10.1128/AEM.00521-11. PMC 3165411. PMID 21764951.
Ward PG, Goff M, Donner M, Kaminsky W, O'Connor KE (April 2006). "A two step chemo-biotechnological conversion of polystyrene to a biodegradable thermoplastic". Environmental Science & Technology. 40 (7): 2433–7. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.2433W. doi:10.1021/es0517668. PMID 16649270.
Gusse AC, Miller PD, Volk TJ (July 2006). "White-rot fungi demonstrate first biodegradation of phenolic resin". Environmental Science & Technology. 40 (13): 4196–9. Bibcode:2006EnST...40.4196G. doi:10.1021/es060408h. PMID 16856735.
Al-Salem, S.M.; Lettieri, P.; Baeyens, J. (October 2009). "Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review". Waste Management. 29 (10): 2625–2643. Bibcode:2009WaMan..29.2625A. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2009.06.004. PMID 19577459.
Ignatyev, I.A.; Thielemans, W.; Beke, B. Vander (2014). "Recycling of Polymers: A Review". ChemSusChem. 7 (6): 1579–1593. Bibcode:2014ChSCh...7.1579I. doi:10.1002/cssc.201300898. PMID 24811748.
Lazarevic, David; Aoustin, Emmanuelle; Buclet, Nicolas; Brandt, Nils (December 2010). "Plastic waste management in the context of a European recycling society: Comparing results and uncertainties in a life cycle perspective". Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 55 (2): 246–259. Bibcode:2010RCR....55..246L. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.09.014.
Lange, Jean-Paul (November 12, 2021). "Managing Plastic Waste─Sorting, Recycling, Disposal, and Product Redesign". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 9 (47): 15722–15738. Bibcode:2021ASCE....915722L. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c05013.
Geyer, Roland; Jambeck, Jenna R.; Law, Kara Lavender (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7) e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Andrady, Anthony L. (February 1994). "Assessment of Environmental Biodegradation of Synthetic Polymers". Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews. 34 (1): 25–76. Bibcode:1994JMSC...34...25A. doi:10.1080/15321799408009632.
Ahmed, Temoor; Shahid, Muhammad; Azeem, Farrukh; Rasul, Ijaz; Shah, Asad Ali; Noman, Muhammad; Hameed, Amir; Manzoor, Natasha; Manzoor, Irfan; Muhammad, Sher (March 2018). "Biodegradation of plastics: current scenario and future prospects for environmental safety". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 25 (8): 7287–7298. Bibcode:2018ESPR...25.7287A. doi:10.1007/s11356-018-1234-9. PMID 29332271. S2CID 3962436.
Jambeck, Jenna; et al. (February 13, 2015). "Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean". Science. 347 (6223): 768–771. Bibcode:2015Sci...347..768J. doi:10.1126/science.1260352. PMID 25678662. S2CID 206562155.
Brown, Erina; MacDonald, Anna; Allen, Steve; Allen, Deonie (May 1, 2023). "The potential for a plastic recycling facility to release microplastic pollution and possible filtration remediation effectiveness". Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances. 10 100309. Bibcode:2023JHzMA..1000309B. doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100309. ISSN 2772-4166. S2CID 258457895.
Zhang, Fan; Zhao, Yuting; Wang, Dandan; Yan, Mengqin; Zhang, Jing; Zhang, Pengyan; Ding, Tonggui; Chen, Lei; Chen, Chao (February 1, 2021). "Current technologies for plastic waste treatment: A review". Journal of Cleaner Production. 282 124523. Bibcode:2021JCPro.28224523Z. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124523. ISSN 0959-6526.
Meng, Fanran; Brandão, Miguel; Cullen, Jonathan M (February 13, 2024). "Replacing Plastics with Alternatives Is Worse for Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Most Cases". Environmental Science & Technology. 58 (6): 2716–2727. Bibcode:2024EnST...58.2716M. doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c05191. ISSN 0013-936X. PMC 10867844. PMID 38291786.
Romero, Lina M.; Lyczko, Nathalie; Nzihou, Ange; Antonini, Gérard; Moreau, Eric; Richardeau, Hubert; Coste, Christophe; Madoui, Saïd; Durécu, Sylvain (July 2020). "New insights on mercury abatement and modeling in a full-scale municipal solid waste incineration flue gas treatment unit". Waste Management. 113: 270–279. Bibcode:2020WaMan.113..270R. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.003. PMID 32559697. S2CID 219948357.
Janhäll, Sara; Petersson, Mikaela; Davidsson, Kent; Öman, Tommy; Sommertune, Jens; Kåredal, Monica; Messing, Maria E.; Rissler, Jenny (October 2021). "Release of carbon nanotubes during combustion of polymer nanocomposites in a pilot-scale facility for waste incineration". NanoImpact. 24 100357. Bibcode:2021NanoI..2400357J. doi:10.1016/j.impact.2021.100357. PMID 35559816. S2CID 239252029.
Li MX, Yang SS, Ding J, Ding MQ, He L, Xing DF, Criddle CS, Benbow ME, Ren NQ, Wu WM (November 5, 2024). "Cockroach Blaptica dubia biodegrades polystyrene plastics: Insights for superior ability, microbiome and host genes". J Hazard Mater. 479 135756. Bibcode:2024JHzM..47935756L. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135756. PMID 39255668.

americanchemistry.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Life Cycle of a Plastic Product". Americanchemistry.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2011.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Fenichell S (1996). Plastic: the making of a synthetic century. New York: HarperBusiness. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-88730-732-4.

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

"Researchers make a plastic that includes bacteria that can digest it - Ars Technica". arstechnica.com. Retrieved August 9, 2026.

bakeryandsnacks.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sustainable packaging materials for snacks". October 28, 2021. Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2022.

baobivinpack.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Bao bì vinpack". Retrieved January 6, 2025.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

news.bbc.co.uk

"Fungus 'Eats' CDs". BBC News. June 22, 2001.

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

"Why food's plastic problem is bigger than we realise". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021.

bioplasticsmagazine.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Becoming Employed in a Growing Bioplastics Industry - bioplastics MAGAZINE". www.bioplasticsmagazine.com. October 30, 2018. Archived from the original on February 26, 2026.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Edgar D, Edgar R (2009). Fantastic Recycled Plastic: 30 Clever Creations to Spark Your Imagination. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60059-342-0 – via Google Books.
Teegarden DM (2004). Polymer Chemistry: Introduction to an Indispensable Science. NSTA Press. ISBN 978-0-87355-221-9 – via Google Books.
Ebbing D, Gammon SD (2016). General Chemistry. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-305-88729-9.
Gilleo K (2004). Area Array Packaging Processes: For BGA, Flip Chip, and CSP. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-142829-3 – via Google Books.
Kutz M (2002). Handbook of Materials Selection. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-35924-1 – via Google Books.
UK Patent office (1857). Patents for inventions. UK Patent office. p. 255.

cancerresearchuk.org (Global: 9,972^nd place; English: 7,596^th place)

"Do plastic bottles cause cancer?". Cancer Research UK. December 19, 2024. Retrieved May 25, 2026.

consumeraffairs.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

McCormick LW (October 30, 2009). "More Kids' Products Found Containing Unsafe Chemicals". ConsumerAffairs.com.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Elias, Hans-Georg; Mülhaupt, Rolf (2015). "Plastics, General Survey, 1. Definition, Molecular Structure and Properties". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. pp. 1–70. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_543.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
Andrady AL, Neal MA (July 2009). "Applications and societal benefits of plastics". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1977–84. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0304. PMC 2873019. PMID 19528050.
Geyer, Roland; Jambeck, Jenna R.; Law, Kara Lavender (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7) e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Heeger AJ, Kivelson S, Schrieffer JR, Su WP (1988). "Solitons in Conducting Polymers". Reviews of Modern Physics. 60 (3): 781–850. Bibcode:1988RvMP...60..781H. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.60.781.
Lossin, Adalbert (2001). "Copper". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_471. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
Paschotta, Dr Rüdiger (March 15, 2019). "plastic optics". www.rp-photonics.com. doi:10.61835/i75. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
Hahladakis JN, Velis CA, Weber R, Iacovidou E, Purnell P (February 2018). "An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 344: 179–199. Bibcode:2018JHzM..344..179H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.014. PMID 29035713.
Marturano, Valentina; Cerruti, Pierfrancesco; Ambrogi, Veronica (June 27, 2017). "Polymer additives". Physical Sciences Reviews. 2 (6): 130. Bibcode:2017PhSRv...2..130M. doi:10.1515/psr-2016-0130. S2CID 199059895.
Pfaendner, Rudolf (September 2006). "How will additives shape the future of plastics?". Polymer Degradation and Stability. 91 (9): 2249–2256. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.10.017.
Wiesinger, Helene; Wang, Zhanyun; Hellweg, Stefanie (July 6, 2021). "Deep Dive into Plastic Monomers, Additives, and Processing Aids". Environmental Science & Technology. 55 (13): 9339–9351. Bibcode:2021EnST...55.9339W. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c00976. hdl:20.500.11850/495854. PMID 34154322. S2CID 235597312.
Elias, Hans-Georg; Mülhaupt, Rolf (April 14, 2015). "Plastics, General Survey, 1. Definition, Molecular Structure and Properties". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry: 1–70. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_543.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Teuten EL, Saquing JM, Knappe DR, Barlaz MA, Jonsson S, Björn A, et al. (July 2009). "Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 2027–45. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0284. PMC 2873017. PMID 19528054.
"Impact modifiers: how to make your compound tougher". Plastics, Additives and Compounding. 6 (3): 46–49. May 2004. doi:10.1016/S1464-391X(04)00203-X.
Hahladakis JN, Velis CA, Weber R, Iacovidou E, Purnell P (February 2018). "An overview of chemical additives present in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal and recycling". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 344: 179–199. Bibcode:2018JHzM..344..179H. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.014. PMID 29035713.
Yang CZ, Yaniger SI, Jordan VC, Klein DJ, Bittner GD (July 2011). "Most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals: a potential health problem that can be solved". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (7): 989–96. Bibcode:2011EnvHP.119..989Y. doi:10.1289/ehp.1003220 (inactive January 29, 2026). PMC 3222987. PMID 21367689.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link)
Alonso-Magdalena P, Morimoto S, Ripoll C, Fuentes E, Nadal A (January 2006). "The estrogenic effect of bisphenol A disrupts pancreatic beta-cell function in vivo and induces insulin resistance". Environmental Health Perspectives. 114 (1): 106–12. Bibcode:2006EnvHP.114..106A. doi:10.1289/ehp.8451 (inactive January 29, 2026). PMC 1332664. PMID 16393666. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link)
Geyer R, Jambeck JR, Law KL (July 2017). "Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made". Science Advances. 3 (7) e1700782. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0782G. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782. PMC 5517107. PMID 28776036.
Schmidt C, Krauth T, Wagner S (November 2017). "Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea" (PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 51 (21): 12246–12253. Bibcode:2017EnST...5112246S. doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b02368. PMID 29019247. The 10 top-ranked rivers transport 88–95% of the global load into the sea
Barnes DK, Galgani F, Thompson RC, Barlaz M (July 2009). "Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1985–98. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0205. PMC 2873009. PMID 19528051.
Thompson RC, Swan SH, Moore CJ, vom Saal FS (July 2009). "Our plastic age". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 364 (1526): 1973–6. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0054. PMC 2874019. PMID 19528049.
Cabernard, Livia; Pfister, Stephan; Oberschelp, Christopher; Hellweg, Stefanie (December 2, 2021). "Growing environmental footprint of plastics driven by coal combustion". Nature Sustainability. 5 (2): 139–148. Bibcode:2021NatSu...5..139C. doi:10.1038/s41893-021-00807-2. hdl:20.500.11850/518642. ISSN 2398-9629. S2CID 244803448.
Boctor, Joseph (2025). "Microplastics and nanoplastics: fate, transport, and governance from agricultural soil to food webs and humans". Environmental Sciences Europe. 37 (1) 68. Bibcode:2025ESEur..37...68B. doi:10.1186/s12302-025-01104-x.
Green, Dannielle Senga; Jefferson, Megan; Boots, Bas; Stone, Leon (January 2021). "All that glitters is litter? Ecological impacts of conventional versus biodegradable glitter in a freshwater habitat". Journal of Hazardous Materials. 402 124070. Bibcode:2021JHzM..40224070G. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124070. PMID 33254837.
Cole, M; Lindeque, P; Fileman, E; Halsband, C; Goodhead, R; Moger, J; Galloway, TS (2013). "Microplastic Ingestion by Zooplankton" (PDF). Environmental Science & Technology. 47 (12): 6646–6655. Bibcode:2013EnST...47.6646C. doi:10.1021/es400663f. hdl:10871/19651. PMID 23692270.
Boucher, Julien; Friot, Damien (2017). Primary microplastics in the oceans: A global evaluation of sources. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2017.01.en. ISBN 978-2-8317-1827-9.
Kovochich, M; Liong, M; Parker, JA; Oh, SC; Lee, JP; Xi, L; Kreider, ML; Unice, KM (February 2021). "Chemical mapping of tire and road wear particles for single particle analysis". Science of the Total Environment. 757 144085. Bibcode:2021ScTEn.75744085K. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144085. PMID 33333431.
Conkle, Jeremy L.; Báez Del Valle, Christian D.; Turner, Jeffrey W. (2018). "Are We Underestimating Microplastic Contamination in Aquatic Environments?". Environmental Management. 61 (1): 1–8. Bibcode:2018EnMan..61....1C. doi:10.1007/s00267-017-0947-8. PMID 29043380.
Chamas, Ali; Moon, Hyunjin; Zheng, Jiajia; Qiu, Yang; Tabassum, Tarnuma; Jang, Jun Hee; Abu-Omar, Mahdi; Scott, Susannah L.; Suh, Sangwon (2020). "Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 8 (9): 3494–3511. Bibcode:2020ASCE....8.3494C. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06635.
Klein S, Dimzon IK, Eubeler J, Knepper TP (2018). "Analysis, Occurrence, and Degradation of Microplastics in the Aqueous Environment". In Wagner M, Lambert S (eds.). Freshwater Microplastics. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Vol. 58. Cham.: Springer. pp. 51–67. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_3. ISBN 978-3-319-61614-8. See Section 3, "Environmental Degradation of Synthetic Polymers".
Yu, Jie; Sun, Lushi; Ma, Chuan; Qiao, Yu; Yao, Hong (2016). "Thermal degradation of PVC: A review". Waste Management. 48: 300–314. Bibcode:2016WaMan..48..300Y. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.041. PMID 26687228.
Chamas, Ali; Moon, Hyunjin; Zheng, Jiajia; Qiu, Yang; Tabassum, Tarnuma; Jang, Jun Hee; Abu-Omar, Mahdi; Scott, Susannah L.; Suh, Sangwon (2020). "Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 8 (9): 3494–3511. Bibcode:2020ASCE....8.3494C. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06635.
Tokiwa Y, Calabia BP, Ugwu CU, Aiba S (August 2009). "Biodegradability of plastics". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 10 (9): 3722–42. Bibcode:2009IJMSc..10.3722T. doi:10.3390/ijms10093722. PMC 2769161. PMID 19865515.
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Plastic (English Wikipedia)

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perseus.tufts.edu

unep.org (Global: 4,173rd place; English: 3,588th place)

unl.edu (Global: 1,697th place; English: 926th place)

dwb.unl.edu

wasteadvantagemag.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

websters-online-dictionary.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

acs.org (Global: 865^th place; English: 887^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arstechnica.com (Global: 473^rd place; English: 338^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

cancerresearchuk.org (Global: 9,972^nd place; English: 7,596^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

eib.org (Global: 7,617^th place; English: 5,083^rd place)

epa.gov (Global: 961^st place; English: 595^th place)

etymonline.com (Global: 669^th place; English: 670^th place)

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

figshare.com (Global: 3,822^nd place; English: 2,289^th place)

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

hindu.com (Global: 511^th place; English: 294^th place)

infoplease.com (Global: 3,121^st place; English: 3,035^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

livescience.com (Global: 1,726^th place; English: 1,417^th place)

nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

nhm.ac.uk (Global: 416^th place; English: 865^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

oecd.org (Global: 1,345^th place; English: 1,190^th place)

ourworldindata.org (Global: 2,491^st place; English: 1,740^th place)

popsci.com (Global: 4,048^th place; English: 2,846^th place)

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

stuff.co.nz (Global: 387^th place; English: 194^th place)

theconversation.com (Global: 840^th place; English: 594^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

unep.org (Global: 4,173^rd place; English: 3,588^th place)

unl.edu (Global: 1,697^th place; English: 926^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

weforum.org (Global: 2,317^th place; English: 1,854^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)