Pledge of Allegiance (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Pledge of Allegiance" in English language version.

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aclufl.org

Frazier v. Alexandre, 434 F.Supp.2d 1350 (S.D. Fla. May 31, 2006).

allthingsliberty.com

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the phrase "under God" indicated secondary thanks or permission. In modern usage, the Gettysburg Address might read "that the nation shall, God willing, have a new birth of freedom." See O'Malley, Brian P. (July 22, 2019). "Under God: Understanding its Revolutionary Usage". Journal of the American Revolution. Archived from the original on July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.

archive.org

Balch, George Thacher (1890). Methods of teaching patriotism in the public schools: being an extract from an address delivered before the teachers of the Children's Aid Society of the city of New York. Harvard University. New York : D. Van Nostrand Company.

army.mil

goordnance.army.mil

"Captain and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel George T. Balch, Ordnance Corps Hall of Fame Inductee 2001, U.S. Army Ordnance Corps". www.goordnance.army.mil. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2015.

bcy.ca

freemasonry.bcy.ca

"Grand Lodge of BC and Yukon profile of Bellamy". Freemasonry.bcy.ca. Archived from the original on March 16, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2013.

books.google.com

Eller, Jack David (September 15, 2018). Inventing American Tradition: From the Mayflower to Cinco de Mayo. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78914-035-4. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
The Overland Monthly. Samuel Carson. January 1, 1891.
Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine. National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. January 1, 1906.
Congressional Serial Set. U.S. Government Printing Office. January 1, 1917.
Proceedings of the ... Continental Congress of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The Congress. January 1, 1915.
Merriman, Scott A. (2007). Religion and the Law in America: An Encyclopedia of Personal Belief. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-85109-863-7. p. 110.
"Solons to Plug ASCAP Cleffing". Billboard. April 20, 1957.
"'Pledge' Now In Public Domain". Billboard. September 19, 1960.

boston.com

Lavoie, Denise (November 15, 2010). "Court OKs NH law allowing 'God' pledge in schools". The Boston Globe. Boston, MA: Christopher M. Mayer. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved November 16, 2010. The constitutionality of a New Hampshire law...

bostonreview.net

"Why Do We Pledge Allegiance?". Boston Review. Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.

chicagodefender.com

Kravets, David (September 16, 2005), "Federal judge rules Pledge of Allegiance is unconstitutional", The Chicago Defender, archived from the original on January 11, 2006, retrieved March 31, 2008

cnn.com

"'Under God' part of Pledge of Allegiance under review in Massachusetts". CNN.com. September 4, 2013. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2013.

cornell.edu

law.cornell.edu

"Title 4, Chapter 1, Section 4, US Code". Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2021.

currentaffairs.org

Robinson, Nathan J. (June 25, 2018). "I can't believe they still make students recite the Pledge of Allegiance". Current Affairs. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019.

doi.org

Kubal, Timothy (October 2008). Cultural Movements and Collective Memory: Christopher Columbus and the Rewriting of the National Origin Myth. Basingstoke, Hampshire, GBR: Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230615762. ISBN 978-0-230-61576-2.
Olander, Herbert T. (December 1941). "Children's Knowledge of the Flag Salute". The Journal of Educational Research. 35 (4): 300–305. doi:10.1080/00220671.1941.10881086. JSTOR 27528245.

forbes.com

"Judge Refuses To Kick God Out Of Public Schools". Forbes. February 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 29, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.

google.com

Chea, Terence (March 12, 2010). "Fed. appeals court upholds 'under God' in pledge". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010.

govinfo.gov

United States Congressional Joint Committee on Printing (July 18, 2006), Our Flag (PDF), US Government Printing Office, p. 45, ISBN 978-0-16-076598-8

gpo.gov

U.S. Code 2011, Title 4, Chap. 1, Sec. 4 Archived March 27, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Government Printing Office. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
""Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag" H. Con. Res. 161 Statute 69 Pages B24–B25 Concurrent Resolutions - July 26, 1955" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved July 2, 2017.

irvingcaesar.com

"Irving Caesar Welcome". irvingcaesar.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved July 2, 2017.

jstor.org

KEIRLE, PHILIP (2012). "Youth Periodicals, Patriotism, and the Textual Mechanics of Civic Mobilization". American Periodicals. 22 (1): 29–50. ISSN 1054-7479. JSTOR 23461238. Archived from the original on June 8, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
Olander, Herbert T. (December 1941). "Children's Knowledge of the Flag Salute". The Journal of Educational Research. 35 (4): 300–305. doi:10.1080/00220671.1941.10881086. JSTOR 27528245.

jw.org

wol.jw.org

Jehovah's Witnesses-Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, 1993, pp. 196–197 Archived June 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.

katu.com

"Court upholds 'under God' in Pledge of Allegiance". Associated Press. March 11, 2010. Archived from the original on March 16, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.

kofc.org

"Knights of Columbus Fact Sheet" (PDF). Knights of Columbus. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
"How the words "Under God" came to be added to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag" (PDF). Knights of Columbus. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2013.

latimes.com

articles.latimes.com

"Pledge of Allegiance's God reference now upheld by court". LA Times. March 12, 2010. Archived from the original on January 16, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2011.

loc.gov

cocatalog.loc.gov

"U.S. Copyright Office, Copyright search for "The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag"". Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2017.

military.com

"Rules for Rendering Hand Salute of U.S. Flag". Military.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2014.

newspapers.com

- "Pledge of Allegiance (1892)". Ellis County News Republican. Newspapers.com. May 21, 1892. p. 4. Archived from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 24, 2022. I pledge allegiance to my flag and the republic for which it stands; one nation inseparable with liberty and justice for all.
nj.com
- "'Under God' is not discriminatory and will stay in pledge, judge says". NJ.com. February 7, 2015. Archived from the original on June 13, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
northjersey.com
- Rizzo, Salvador. "Hearing 'Under God' in Pledge of Allegiance does not violate rights of atheist students, NJ judge rules". NorthJersey.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
npr.org
- Kruse, Kevin M. (March 30, 2015). "How 'One Nation' Didn't Become 'Under God' Until The '50s Religious Revival". NPR. Archived from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
nsba.org
- "Frazier v. Alexandre, No. 05-81142 (S.D. Fla. May 31, 2006)". National School Boards Association. March 15, 2011. Archived from the original on March 15, 2011.
nybooks.com
- "When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?". The New York Review of Books. July 25, 2020. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
nytimes.com
- Roberts, Sam (April 2, 2022). "We Know the Pledge. Its Author, Maybe Not". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
pbs.org
- "Society & Community. Faith in America: The Legal Dilemma". Now with Bill Moyers. PBS. June 29, 2002. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
- "God In America: God in the White House". PBS. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
plymrock.org
- Jehle, Dr Paul (June 1, 2018). ""Under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance – 1954". Plymouth Rock Foundation. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
psychologytoday.com
- "The Dangerous Fallacy of Ceremonial Deism: Governmental religious expressions are not harmless". Psychology Today. May 24, 2012.
rochester.edu
lib.rochester.edu
- Bellamy, Francis, "The Story of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag Archived May 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine," University of Rochester Library Bulletin, Vol. VIII, Winter 1953.
scholar.google.com
- Holloman ex rel. Holloman v. Harland, 370 F.3d 1252 (11th Cir. 2004).
sfchronicle.com
- Tucker, Jill (March 23, 2013). "Many schools skip Pledge of Allegiance". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 27, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2019. California state law doesn't require the recitation in schools, although 45 other states do. But students can't be required to say it or even stand during the pledge, according to a Supreme Court decision. ... California does require every public school to include a "patriotic exercise" every day - which the pledge would fulfill - but it's a vague requirement that's not enforced.
sfgate.com
- Egelko, Bob (June 15, 2011). "High court spurns atheist's 'under God' challenge". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, CA: Hearst Corporation. A Sacramento atheist's challenge to the addition of "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance...
si.edu
americanhistory.si.edu
- Schaefer-Jacobs, Debbie (October 23, 2017). "I Pledge Allegiance". National Museum of American History. Archived from the original on May 3, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
smithsonianmag.com
- Jones, Jeffrey Owen. "The Man Who Wrote the Pledge of Allegiance Archived January 31, 2018, at the Wayback Machine," Smithsonian Magazine, Nov. 2003. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- Magazine, Smithsonian. "The Man Who Wrote the Pledge of Allegiance". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on January 31, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
- Crawford, Amy (September 2015), "PR Gimmick to Patriotic Vow; Francis Bellamy had no idea how famous, and controversial, his quick ditty would become", Smithsonian Magazine, archived from the original on October 14, 2017, retrieved October 14, 2017
specksweb.com
- "American & State Pledges". Speck's Web. November 16, 2013. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
supremecourt.gov
- Supreme Court of the United States (June 13, 2011). "Freedom From Religion Foundation, Petitioner v. United States, et al". Supreme Court of the United States. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
thehill.com
- Dress, Brad (April 2, 2022). "Here is a breakdown of laws in 47 states that require reciting the Pledge of Allegiance". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
uchicago.edu
penelope.uchicago.edu
- "George T. Balch • Cullum's Register • 1496". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
upenn.edu
itre.cis.upenn.edu
- Nunberg, Geoffrey (June 20, 2004). "I Might Have Guessed Parson Weems Would Figure In There Somewhere". Language Log. Archived from the original on April 26, 2007. Retrieved May 3, 2007.
- Nunberg, Geoffrey (June 20, 2004). ""(Next) Under God," Phrasal Idiom". Language Log. Archived from the original on April 26, 2007. Retrieved May 3, 2007.
uscourts.gov
wvsd.uscourts.gov
- "The Pledge of Allegiance". WVSD.USCourts.gov. United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
ca9.uscourts.gov
- Newdow vs. Rio Linda Union School District (9th Cir. March 12, 2010), Text.
ca1.uscourts.gov
- Freedom from Religion Foundation v. Hanover School District (1st Cir. November 12, 2010), Text, archived from the original on April 29, 2011.
ushistory.org
- "The Pledge of Allegiance". Historic Documents. Independence Hall Association: ushistory.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
va.gov
- "The Pledge of Allegiance Archived May 16, 2023, at the Wayback Machine," Celebrating America's Freedoms. n.d. U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
washingtonpost.com
- Broadway, Bill. "How 'Under God' Got in There Archived February 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine," The Washington Post, July 6, 2002. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
- Johnson, Jenna (February 24, 2010). "Pledge of Allegiance dispute results in Md. teacher having to apologize". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- "Massachusetts court rules 'under God' in pledge does not discriminate against atheists". The Washington Post. May 9, 2014. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
web.archive.org
- "The Pledge of Allegiance". Historic Documents. Independence Hall Association: ushistory.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
- Jones, Jeffrey Owen. "The Man Who Wrote the Pledge of Allegiance Archived January 31, 2018, at the Wayback Machine," Smithsonian Magazine, Nov. 2003. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- "The Pledge of Allegiance Archived May 16, 2023, at the Wayback Machine," Celebrating America's Freedoms. n.d. U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
- "Title 4, Chapter 1, Section 4, US Code". Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved March 30, 2021.
- Kirkpatrick, Melanie. "One Nation, Indivisible". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on December 10, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
- "Captain and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel George T. Balch, Ordnance Corps Hall of Fame Inductee 2001, U.S. Army Ordnance Corps". www.goordnance.army.mil. Archived from the original on June 6, 2012. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
- Magazine, Smithsonian. "The Man Who Wrote the Pledge of Allegiance". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on January 31, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
- Schaefer-Jacobs, Debbie (October 23, 2017). "I Pledge Allegiance". National Museum of American History. Archived from the original on May 3, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
- "Society & Community. Faith in America: The Legal Dilemma". Now with Bill Moyers. PBS. June 29, 2002. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
- "The Pledge of Allegiance". WVSD.USCourts.gov. United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- Roberts, Sam (April 2, 2022). "We Know the Pledge. Its Author, Maybe Not". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
- Dress, Brad (April 2, 2022). "Here is a breakdown of laws in 47 states that require reciting the Pledge of Allegiance". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
- Tucker, Jill (March 23, 2013). "Many schools skip Pledge of Allegiance". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 27, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2019. California state law doesn't require the recitation in schools, although 45 other states do. But students can't be required to say it or even stand during the pledge, according to a Supreme Court decision. ... California does require every public school to include a "patriotic exercise" every day - which the pledge would fulfill - but it's a vague requirement that's not enforced.
- Crawford, Amy (September 2015), "PR Gimmick to Patriotic Vow; Francis Bellamy had no idea how famous, and controversial, his quick ditty would become", Smithsonian Magazine, archived from the original on October 14, 2017, retrieved October 14, 2017
- "American & State Pledges". Speck's Web. November 16, 2013. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- U.S. Code 2011, Title 4, Chap. 1, Sec. 4 Archived March 27, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Government Printing Office. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
- "Why Do We Pledge Allegiance?". Boston Review. Archived from the original on July 16, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
- Eller, Jack David (September 15, 2018). Inventing American Tradition: From the Mayflower to Cinco de Mayo. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78914-035-4. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
- KEIRLE, PHILIP (2012). "Youth Periodicals, Patriotism, and the Textual Mechanics of Civic Mobilization". American Periodicals. 22 (1): 29–50. ISSN 1054-7479. JSTOR 23461238. Archived from the original on June 8, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
- Jehle, Dr Paul (June 1, 2018). ""Under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance – 1954". Plymouth Rock Foundation. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
- "Grand Lodge of BC and Yukon profile of Bellamy". Freemasonry.bcy.ca. Archived from the original on March 16, 2019. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
- Bellamy, Francis, "The Story of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag Archived May 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine," University of Rochester Library Bulletin, Vol. VIII, Winter 1953.
- - "Pledge of Allegiance (1892)". Ellis County News Republican. Newspapers.com. May 21, 1892. p. 4. Archived from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 24, 2022. I pledge allegiance to my flag and the republic for which it stands; one nation inseparable with liberty and justice for all.
  - In the 18th and 19th centuries, the phrase "under God" indicated secondary thanks or permission. In modern usage, the Gettysburg Address might read "that the nation shall, God willing, have a new birth of freedom." See O'Malley, Brian P. (July 22, 2019). "Under God: Understanding its Revolutionary Usage". Journal of the American Revolution. Archived from the original on July 23, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
  - Kruse, Kevin M. (March 30, 2015). "How 'One Nation' Didn't Become 'Under God' Until The '50s Religious Revival". NPR. Archived from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  - "Knights of Columbus Fact Sheet" (PDF). Knights of Columbus. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
  - "How the words "Under God" came to be added to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag" (PDF). Knights of Columbus. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  - Broadway, Bill. "How 'Under God' Got in There Archived February 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine," The Washington Post, July 6, 2002. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  - "God In America: God in the White House". PBS. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  - "Rules for Rendering Hand Salute of U.S. Flag". Military.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2014. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
  - "When Is a Nazi Salute Not a Nazi Salute?". The New York Review of Books. July 25, 2020. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  - "Irving Caesar Welcome". irvingcaesar.com. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
  - ""Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag" H. Con. Res. 161 Statute 69 Pages B24–B25 Concurrent Resolutions - July 26, 1955" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
  - "U.S. Copyright Office, Copyright search for "The Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag"". Archived from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2017.
  - Robinson, Nathan J. (June 25, 2018). "I can't believe they still make students recite the Pledge of Allegiance". Current Affairs. Archived from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  - "Court upholds 'under God' in Pledge of Allegiance". Associated Press. March 11, 2010. Archived from the original on March 16, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  - Nunberg, Geoffrey (June 20, 2004). "I Might Have Guessed Parson Weems Would Figure In There Somewhere". Language Log. Archived from the original on April 26, 2007. Retrieved May 3, 2007.
  - Nunberg, Geoffrey (June 20, 2004). ""(Next) Under God," Phrasal Idiom". Language Log. Archived from the original on April 26, 2007. Retrieved May 3, 2007.
  - Jehovah's Witnesses-Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, 1993, pp. 196–197 Archived June 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
  - Kravets, David (September 16, 2005), "Federal judge rules Pledge of Allegiance is unconstitutional", The Chicago Defender, archived from the original on January 11, 2006, retrieved March 31, 2008
  - "Frazier v. Alexandre, No. 05-81142 (S.D. Fla. May 31, 2006)". National School Boards Association. March 15, 2011. Archived from the original on March 15, 2011.
  - Johnson, Jenna (February 24, 2010). "Pledge of Allegiance dispute results in Md. teacher having to apologize". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  - Chea, Terence (March 12, 2010). "Fed. appeals court upholds 'under God' in pledge". Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
  - "Pledge of Allegiance's God reference now upheld by court". LA Times. March 12, 2010. Archived from the original on January 16, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  - Freedom from Religion Foundation v. Hanover School District (1st Cir. November 12, 2010), Text, archived from the original on April 29, 2011.
  - Lavoie, Denise (November 15, 2010). "Court OKs NH law allowing 'God' pledge in schools". The Boston Globe. Boston, MA: Christopher M. Mayer. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved November 16, 2010. The constitutionality of a New Hampshire law...
  - Supreme Court of the United States (June 13, 2011). "Freedom From Religion Foundation, Petitioner v. United States, et al". Supreme Court of the United States. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
  - "'Under God' part of Pledge of Allegiance under review in Massachusetts". CNN.com. September 4, 2013. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  - "Massachusetts court rules 'under God' in pledge does not discriminate against atheists". The Washington Post. May 9, 2014. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
  - "'Under God' is not discriminatory and will stay in pledge, judge says". NJ.com. February 7, 2015. Archived from the original on June 13, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
  - Rizzo, Salvador. "Hearing 'Under God' in Pledge of Allegiance does not violate rights of atheist students, NJ judge rules". NorthJersey.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  - "Judge Refuses To Kick God Out Of Public Schools". Forbes. February 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 29, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  wikisource.org
  en.wikisource.org
  - Pub.L. 77-623, Chap. 435, 56 Stat. 377, H.J.Res. 303, enacted June 22, 1942.
  - Pub.L. 83-396, Chap. 297, 68 Stat. 249, H.J.Res. 243, enacted June 14, 1954.
  worldcat.org
  search.worldcat.org
  - Kirkpatrick, Melanie. "One Nation, Indivisible". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on December 10, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
  - KEIRLE, PHILIP (2012). "Youth Periodicals, Patriotism, and the Textual Mechanics of Civic Mobilization". American Periodicals. 22 (1): 29–50. ISSN 1054-7479. JSTOR 23461238. Archived from the original on June 8, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  - "Massachusetts court rules 'under God' in pledge does not discriminate against atheists". The Washington Post. May 9, 2014. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on April 25, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
  wsj.com
  - Kirkpatrick, Melanie. "One Nation, Indivisible". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on December 10, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.

Pledge of Allegiance (English Wikipedia)

aclufl.org

allthingsliberty.com

archive.org

army.mil

goordnance.army.mil

bcy.ca

freemasonry.bcy.ca

books.google.com

boston.com

bostonreview.net

chicagodefender.com

cnn.com

cornell.edu

law.cornell.edu

currentaffairs.org

doi.org

forbes.com

google.com

govinfo.gov

gpo.gov

irvingcaesar.com

jstor.org

jw.org

wol.jw.org

katu.com

kofc.org

latimes.com

articles.latimes.com

loc.gov

cocatalog.loc.gov

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