Fernández-Cotarelo MJ, López-Medrano F, San Juan R, Díaz-Pedroche C, Lizasoain M, Chaves F, Aguado JM (March 2007). "Protean manifestations of pleural empyema caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults". Eur. J. Intern. Med. 18 (2): 141–5. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2006.09.017. PMID17338967.
Yildiz S, Cece H, Turksoy O (October 2010). "Discriminative role of CT in exudative and transudative pleural effusions". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195 (4): W305, author reply W306. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.4437. ISSN0361-803X. PMID20858794.
Ahmed R, Marri T, Huang J (2006). "Thoracic empyema in patients with community-acquired pneumonia". American Journal of Medicine. 119 (10): 877–83. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.03.042. PMID17000220.
Ferrer A, Osset J, Alegre J, Suriñach JM, Crespo E, Fernández de Sevilla T, Fernández F (April 1999). "Prospective clinical and microbiological study of pleural effusions". Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18 (4): 237–41. doi:10.1007/s100960050270. PMID10385010. S2CID6550696.
Sasse S, Nguyen TK, Mulligan M, Wang NS, Mahutte CK, Light RW (June 1997). "The effects of early chest tube placement on empyema resolution". Chest. 111 (6): 1679–83. doi:10.1378/chest.111.6.1679. PMID9187193. S2CID7554750.
Heffner JE, Brown LK, Barbieri C, DeLeo JM (June 1995). "Pleural fluid chemical analysis in parapneumonic effusions. A meta-analysis". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 151 (6): 1700–8. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767510. PMID7767510.
Nie W, Liu Y, Ye J, Shi L, Shao F, Ying K, Zhang R (July 2014). "Efficacy of intrapleural instillation of fibrinolytics for treating pleural empyema and parapneumonic effusion: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials". The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 8 (3): 281–91. doi:10.1111/crj.12068. PMID24428897. S2CID30223456.
Umut S, Demir T, Akkan G, Keskiner N, Yilmaz V, Yildirim N, Sipahioğlu B, Hasan A, Barlas A, Sözer K (April 1993). "Penetration of ciprofloxacin into pleural fluid". J Chemother. 5 (2): 110–2. doi:10.1080/1120009X.1993.11739217. PMID8515292.
Davies CW, Kearney SE, Gleeson FV, Davies RJ (November 1999). "Predictors of outcome and long-term survival in patients with pleural infection". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160 (5 Pt 1): 1682–7. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.5.9903002. PMID10556140.
Alfageme I, Muñoz F, Peña N, Umbría S (March 1993). "Empyema of the thorax in adults. Etiology, microbiologic findings, and management". Chest. 103 (3): 839–43. doi:10.1378/chest.103.3.839. PMID8449078. S2CID23185011.
Li S, Tancredi D (2010). "Empyema hospitalizations increased in US children despite pneumococcal conjugate vaccine". Pediatrics. 125 (1): 26–33. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0184. PMID19948570. S2CID33176058.
Fernández-Cotarelo MJ, López-Medrano F, San Juan R, Díaz-Pedroche C, Lizasoain M, Chaves F, Aguado JM (March 2007). "Protean manifestations of pleural empyema caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults". Eur. J. Intern. Med. 18 (2): 141–5. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2006.09.017. PMID17338967.
Yildiz S, Cece H, Turksoy O (October 2010). "Discriminative role of CT in exudative and transudative pleural effusions". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195 (4): W305, author reply W306. doi:10.2214/AJR.10.4437. ISSN0361-803X. PMID20858794.
Ahmed R, Marri T, Huang J (2006). "Thoracic empyema in patients with community-acquired pneumonia". American Journal of Medicine. 119 (10): 877–83. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.03.042. PMID17000220.
Ferrer A, Osset J, Alegre J, Suriñach JM, Crespo E, Fernández de Sevilla T, Fernández F (April 1999). "Prospective clinical and microbiological study of pleural effusions". Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18 (4): 237–41. doi:10.1007/s100960050270. PMID10385010. S2CID6550696.
Sasse S, Nguyen TK, Mulligan M, Wang NS, Mahutte CK, Light RW (June 1997). "The effects of early chest tube placement on empyema resolution". Chest. 111 (6): 1679–83. doi:10.1378/chest.111.6.1679. PMID9187193. S2CID7554750.
Heffner JE, Brown LK, Barbieri C, DeLeo JM (June 1995). "Pleural fluid chemical analysis in parapneumonic effusions. A meta-analysis". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 151 (6): 1700–8. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767510. PMID7767510.
Nie W, Liu Y, Ye J, Shi L, Shao F, Ying K, Zhang R (July 2014). "Efficacy of intrapleural instillation of fibrinolytics for treating pleural empyema and parapneumonic effusion: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials". The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 8 (3): 281–91. doi:10.1111/crj.12068. PMID24428897. S2CID30223456.
Umut S, Demir T, Akkan G, Keskiner N, Yilmaz V, Yildirim N, Sipahioğlu B, Hasan A, Barlas A, Sözer K (April 1993). "Penetration of ciprofloxacin into pleural fluid". J Chemother. 5 (2): 110–2. doi:10.1080/1120009X.1993.11739217. PMID8515292.
Davies CW, Kearney SE, Gleeson FV, Davies RJ (November 1999). "Predictors of outcome and long-term survival in patients with pleural infection". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 160 (5 Pt 1): 1682–7. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.5.9903002. PMID10556140.
Alfageme I, Muñoz F, Peña N, Umbría S (March 1993). "Empyema of the thorax in adults. Etiology, microbiologic findings, and management". Chest. 103 (3): 839–43. doi:10.1378/chest.103.3.839. PMID8449078. S2CID23185011.
Li S, Tancredi D (2010). "Empyema hospitalizations increased in US children despite pneumococcal conjugate vaccine". Pediatrics. 125 (1): 26–33. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0184. PMID19948570. S2CID33176058.
Ferrer A, Osset J, Alegre J, Suriñach JM, Crespo E, Fernández de Sevilla T, Fernández F (April 1999). "Prospective clinical and microbiological study of pleural effusions". Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 18 (4): 237–41. doi:10.1007/s100960050270. PMID10385010. S2CID6550696.
Sasse S, Nguyen TK, Mulligan M, Wang NS, Mahutte CK, Light RW (June 1997). "The effects of early chest tube placement on empyema resolution". Chest. 111 (6): 1679–83. doi:10.1378/chest.111.6.1679. PMID9187193. S2CID7554750.
Nie W, Liu Y, Ye J, Shi L, Shao F, Ying K, Zhang R (July 2014). "Efficacy of intrapleural instillation of fibrinolytics for treating pleural empyema and parapneumonic effusion: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials". The Clinical Respiratory Journal. 8 (3): 281–91. doi:10.1111/crj.12068. PMID24428897. S2CID30223456.
Alfageme I, Muñoz F, Peña N, Umbría S (March 1993). "Empyema of the thorax in adults. Etiology, microbiologic findings, and management". Chest. 103 (3): 839–43. doi:10.1378/chest.103.3.839. PMID8449078. S2CID23185011.
Li S, Tancredi D (2010). "Empyema hospitalizations increased in US children despite pneumococcal conjugate vaccine". Pediatrics. 125 (1): 26–33. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0184. PMID19948570. S2CID33176058.