Plum pudding model (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Plum pudding model" in English language version.

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15doi.org

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aps.org

link.aps.org

Roth, J. (2007-10-24). "Description of a highly symmetric polytope observed in Thomson's problem of charges on a hypersphere". Physical Review E. 76 (4): 047702. Bibcode:2007PhRvE..76d7702R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.76.047702. ISSN 1539-3755. PMID 17995142. Although Thomson's model has been outdated for a long time by quantum mechanics, his problem of placing charges on a sphere is still noteworthy.

archive.org

J. J. Thomson (1910). "On the Scattering of rapidly moving Electrified Particles". Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 15: 465–471.
Beiser (1969). Perspectives of Modern Physics, p. 109
"What is Matter?". The Chemist and Druggist. 69 (8): 329–330. 25 August 1906.

arxiv.org

Baily, C. (January 2013). "Early atomic models – from mechanical to quantum (1904–1913)". The European Physical Journal H. 38 (1): 1–38. arXiv:1208.5262. Bibcode:2013EPJH...38....1B. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2012-30009-7. ISSN 2102-6459.
Levin, Y.; Arenzon, J. J. (2003). "Why charges go to the Surface: A generalized Thomson Problem". Europhys. Lett. 63 (3): 415–418. arXiv:cond-mat/0302524. Bibcode:2003EL.....63..415L. doi:10.1209/epl/i2003-00546-1. S2CID 250764497.

au.dk

css.au.dk

Helge Kragh (Oct. 2010). Before Bohr: Theories of atomic structure 1850-1913. RePoSS: Research Publications on Science Studies 10. Aarhus: Centre for Science Studies, University of Aarhus.

books.google.com

Thomson 1907, p. 103 "In default of exact knowledge of the nature of the way in which positive electricity occurs in the atom, we shall consider a case in which the positive electricity is distributed in the way most amenable to mathematical calculation, i.e., when it occurs as a sphere of uniform density, throughout which the corpuscles are distributed." Thomson, J. J. (1907). The Corpuscular Theory of Matter. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Thomson 1907. Thomson, J. J. (1907). The Corpuscular Theory of Matter. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Thomson 1907, p. 27 Thomson, J. J. (1907). The Corpuscular Theory of Matter. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Thomson 1907, p. 162: "Since the mass of a corpuscle is only about one-seventeen-hundredth part of that of an atom of hydrogen, it follows that if there are only a few corpuscles in the hydrogen atom the mass of the atom must in the main be due to its other constituent — the positive electricity." Thomson, J. J. (1907). The Corpuscular Theory of Matter. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Thomson 1907, pp. 23, 26. Thomson, J. J. (1907). The Corpuscular Theory of Matter. Charles Scribner's Sons.

cambridge.org

Falconer, Isobel (July 1987). "Corpuscles, Electrons and Cathode Rays: J.J. Thomson and the 'Discovery of the Electron'". The British Journal for the History of Science. 20 (3): 241–276. doi:10.1017/S0007087400023955. ISSN 0007-0874.

chemteam.info

J. J. Thomson (1899). "On the Masses of the Ions in Gases at Low Pressures". Philosophical Magazine. 5. 48 (295): 547–567.
"...the magnitude of this negative charge is about 6 × 10⁻¹⁰ electrostatic units, and is equal to the positive charge carried by the hydrogen atom in the electrolysis of solutions. [...] In gases at low pressures these units of negative electric charge are always associated with carriers of a definite mass. This mass is exceedingly small, being only about 1.4 × 10⁻³ of that of the hydrogen ion, the smallest mass hitherto recognized as capable of a separate existence. The production of negative electrification thus involves the splitting up of an atom, as from a collection of atoms something is detached whose mass is less than that of a single atom."

doi.org

Giora Hon; Bernard R. Goldstein (6 September 2013). "J. J. Thomson's plum-pudding atomic model: The making of a scientific myth". Annalen der Physik. 525 (8–9): A129 – A133. Bibcode:2013AnP...525A.129H. doi:10.1002/andp.201300732.
Thomson, William (1869). "On Vortex Atoms". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 6: 94–105. doi:10.1017/S0370164600045430.
O'Hara, J. G. (March 1975). "George Johnstone Stoney, F.R.S., and the Concept of the Electron". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 29 (2): 265–276. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1975.0018. JSTOR 531468. S2CID 145353314.
Thomson 1897. Thomson, J. J. (1897). "Cathode rays" (PDF). Philosophical Magazine. 44 (269): 293–316. doi:10.1080/14786449708621070.
Falconer, Isobel (July 1987). "Corpuscles, Electrons and Cathode Rays: J.J. Thomson and the 'Discovery of the Electron'". The British Journal for the History of Science. 20 (3): 241–276. doi:10.1017/S0007087400023955. ISSN 0007-0874.
Thomson 1904. Thomson, J. J. (March 1904). "On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure". Philosophical Magazine. Sixth series. 7 (39): 237–265. doi:10.1080/14786440409463107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
Kragh, Helge (2001). "The first subatomic explanations of the periodic system". Foundations of Chemistry. 3 (2): 129–143. doi:10.1023/A:1011448410646.
Thomson 1904: "We suppose that the mass of an atom is the sum of the masses of the corpuscles it contains, so that the atomic weight of an element is measured by the number of corpuscles in its atom." Thomson, J. J. (March 1904). "On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure". Philosophical Magazine. Sixth series. 7 (39): 237–265. doi:10.1080/14786440409463107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
Baily, C. (January 2013). "Early atomic models – from mechanical to quantum (1904–1913)". The European Physical Journal H. 38 (1): 1–38. arXiv:1208.5262. Bibcode:2013EPJH...38....1B. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2012-30009-7. ISSN 2102-6459.
Thomson, J.J. (June 1906). "LXX. On the number of corpuscles in an atom". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 11 (66): 769–781. doi:10.1080/14786440609463496. ISSN 1941-5982.
John L. Heilbron (1968). "The Scattering of α and β Particles and Rutherford's Atom". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 4 (4): 247–307. doi:10.1007/BF00411591. ISSN 0003-9519. JSTOR 41133273.
Crowther, J. A. (1910-09-15). "On the scattering of Homogeneous β-Rays and the number of Electrons in the Atom". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 84 (570): 226–247. Bibcode:1910RSPSA..84..226C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0074. ISSN 0950-1207.
Belyaev, Alexander; Ross, Douglas (2021). The Basics of Nuclear and Particle Physics. Undergraduate Texts in Physics. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Bibcode:2021bnpp.book.....B. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80116-8. ISBN 978-3-030-80115-1.
Levin, Y.; Arenzon, J. J. (2003). "Why charges go to the Surface: A generalized Thomson Problem". Europhys. Lett. 63 (3): 415–418. arXiv:cond-mat/0302524. Bibcode:2003EL.....63..415L. doi:10.1209/epl/i2003-00546-1. S2CID 250764497.
Roth, J. (2007-10-24). "Description of a highly symmetric polytope observed in Thomson's problem of charges on a hypersphere". Physical Review E. 76 (4): 047702. Bibcode:2007PhRvE..76d7702R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.76.047702. ISSN 1539-3755. PMID 17995142. Although Thomson's model has been outdated for a long time by quantum mechanics, his problem of placing charges on a sphere is still noteworthy.

ghostarchive.org

Thomson 1904. Thomson, J. J. (March 1904). "On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure". Philosophical Magazine. Sixth series. 7 (39): 237–265. doi:10.1080/14786440409463107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
Thomson 1904: "We suppose that the mass of an atom is the sum of the masses of the corpuscles it contains, so that the atomic weight of an element is measured by the number of corpuscles in its atom." Thomson, J. J. (March 1904). "On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure". Philosophical Magazine. Sixth series. 7 (39): 237–265. doi:10.1080/14786440409463107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.

gsu.edu

hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

"Electric Field, Spherical Geometry".

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Giora Hon; Bernard R. Goldstein (6 September 2013). "J. J. Thomson's plum-pudding atomic model: The making of a scientific myth". Annalen der Physik. 525 (8–9): A129 – A133. Bibcode:2013AnP...525A.129H. doi:10.1002/andp.201300732.
Baily, C. (January 2013). "Early atomic models – from mechanical to quantum (1904–1913)". The European Physical Journal H. 38 (1): 1–38. arXiv:1208.5262. Bibcode:2013EPJH...38....1B. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2012-30009-7. ISSN 2102-6459.
Crowther, J. A. (1910-09-15). "On the scattering of Homogeneous β-Rays and the number of Electrons in the Atom". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 84 (570): 226–247. Bibcode:1910RSPSA..84..226C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0074. ISSN 0950-1207.
Belyaev, Alexander; Ross, Douglas (2021). The Basics of Nuclear and Particle Physics. Undergraduate Texts in Physics. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Bibcode:2021bnpp.book.....B. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80116-8. ISBN 978-3-030-80115-1.
Levin, Y.; Arenzon, J. J. (2003). "Why charges go to the Surface: A generalized Thomson Problem". Europhys. Lett. 63 (3): 415–418. arXiv:cond-mat/0302524. Bibcode:2003EL.....63..415L. doi:10.1209/epl/i2003-00546-1. S2CID 250764497.
Roth, J. (2007-10-24). "Description of a highly symmetric polytope observed in Thomson's problem of charges on a hypersphere". Physical Review E. 76 (4): 047702. Bibcode:2007PhRvE..76d7702R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.76.047702. ISSN 1539-3755. PMID 17995142. Although Thomson's model has been outdated for a long time by quantum mechanics, his problem of placing charges on a sphere is still noteworthy.

jstor.org

O'Hara, J. G. (March 1975). "George Johnstone Stoney, F.R.S., and the Concept of the Electron". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 29 (2): 265–276. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1975.0018. JSTOR 531468. S2CID 145353314.
John L. Heilbron (1968). "The Scattering of α and β Particles and Rutherford's Atom". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 4 (4): 247–307. doi:10.1007/BF00411591. ISSN 0003-9519. JSTOR 41133273.

mit.edu

web.mit.edu

Thomson 1897. Thomson, J. J. (1897). "Cathode rays" (PDF). Philosophical Magazine. 44 (269): 293–316. doi:10.1080/14786449708621070.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Roth, J. (2007-10-24). "Description of a highly symmetric polytope observed in Thomson's problem of charges on a hypersphere". Physical Review E. 76 (4): 047702. Bibcode:2007PhRvE..76d7702R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.76.047702. ISSN 1539-3755. PMID 17995142. Although Thomson's model has been outdated for a long time by quantum mechanics, his problem of placing charges on a sphere is still noteworthy.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

O'Hara, J. G. (March 1975). "George Johnstone Stoney, F.R.S., and the Concept of the Electron". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 29 (2): 265–276. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1975.0018. JSTOR 531468. S2CID 145353314.
Levin, Y.; Arenzon, J. J. (2003). "Why charges go to the Surface: A generalized Thomson Problem". Europhys. Lett. 63 (3): 415–418. arXiv:cond-mat/0302524. Bibcode:2003EL.....63..415L. doi:10.1209/epl/i2003-00546-1. S2CID 250764497.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Kragh, Helge (2001). "The first subatomic explanations of the periodic system". Foundations of Chemistry. 3 (2): 129–143. doi:10.1023/A:1011448410646.
Baily, C. (January 2013). "Early atomic models – from mechanical to quantum (1904–1913)". The European Physical Journal H. 38 (1): 1–38. arXiv:1208.5262. Bibcode:2013EPJH...38....1B. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2012-30009-7. ISSN 2102-6459.
Belyaev, Alexander; Ross, Douglas (2021). The Basics of Nuclear and Particle Physics. Undergraduate Texts in Physics. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Bibcode:2021bnpp.book.....B. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80116-8. ISBN 978-3-030-80115-1.

tandfonline.com

Thomson, J.J. (June 1906). "LXX. On the number of corpuscles in an atom". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 11 (66): 769–781. doi:10.1080/14786440609463496. ISSN 1941-5982.

ub.edu

Thomson, J. J. (10 March 1905), The Structure of the Atom (PDF). Reprinted in Davis & Falconer 1997 Davis, E. A.; Falconer, I. J. (1997). J. J. Thomson and the Discovery of the Electron. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-203-79233-5.

virginia.edu

galileo.phys.virginia.edu

Fowler, Michael. "Models of the Atom". University of Virginia.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Giora Hon; Bernard R. Goldstein (6 September 2013). "J. J. Thomson's plum-pudding atomic model: The making of a scientific myth". Annalen der Physik. 525 (8–9): A129 – A133. Bibcode:2013AnP...525A.129H. doi:10.1002/andp.201300732.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Falconer, Isobel (July 1987). "Corpuscles, Electrons and Cathode Rays: J.J. Thomson and the 'Discovery of the Electron'". The British Journal for the History of Science. 20 (3): 241–276. doi:10.1017/S0007087400023955. ISSN 0007-0874.
Baily, C. (January 2013). "Early atomic models – from mechanical to quantum (1904–1913)". The European Physical Journal H. 38 (1): 1–38. arXiv:1208.5262. Bibcode:2013EPJH...38....1B. doi:10.1140/epjh/e2012-30009-7. ISSN 2102-6459.
Thomson, J.J. (June 1906). "LXX. On the number of corpuscles in an atom". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 11 (66): 769–781. doi:10.1080/14786440609463496. ISSN 1941-5982.
John L. Heilbron (1968). "The Scattering of α and β Particles and Rutherford's Atom". Archive for History of Exact Sciences. 4 (4): 247–307. doi:10.1007/BF00411591. ISSN 0003-9519. JSTOR 41133273.
Crowther, J. A. (1910-09-15). "On the scattering of Homogeneous β-Rays and the number of Electrons in the Atom". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 84 (570): 226–247. Bibcode:1910RSPSA..84..226C. doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0074. ISSN 0950-1207.
Roth, J. (2007-10-24). "Description of a highly symmetric polytope observed in Thomson's problem of charges on a hypersphere". Physical Review E. 76 (4): 047702. Bibcode:2007PhRvE..76d7702R. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.76.047702. ISSN 1539-3755. PMID 17995142. Although Thomson's model has been outdated for a long time by quantum mechanics, his problem of placing charges on a sphere is still noteworthy.

zenodo.org

Thomson, William (1869). "On Vortex Atoms". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 6: 94–105. doi:10.1017/S0370164600045430.
Thomson 1904. Thomson, J. J. (March 1904). "On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure". Philosophical Magazine. Sixth series. 7 (39): 237–265. doi:10.1080/14786440409463107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
Thomson 1904: "We suppose that the mass of an atom is the sum of the masses of the corpuscles it contains, so that the atomic weight of an element is measured by the number of corpuscles in its atom." Thomson, J. J. (March 1904). "On the Structure of the Atom: an Investigation of the Stability and Periods of Oscillation of a number of Corpuscles arranged at equal intervals around the Circumference of a Circle; with Application of the Results to the Theory of Atomic Structure". Philosophical Magazine. Sixth series. 7 (39): 237–265. doi:10.1080/14786440409463107. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.