Poaching (English Wikipedia)

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"Poaching". Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

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Norgaard, Kim (15 November 2011). "Rhino horn trade triggers extinction threat". CNN. Retrieved 8 August 2014.

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Power Bratton, S. (1985). "Effects of disturbance by visitors on two woodland orchid species in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA". Biological Conservation. 31 (3): 211–227. Bibcode:1985BCons..31..211P. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(85)90068-0.
Muth, R. M.; Bowe, Jr. (1998). "Illegal harvest of renewable natural resources in North America: Toward a typology of the motivations for poaching". Society & Natural Resources. 11 (1): 9–24. Bibcode:1998SNatR..11....9M. doi:10.1080/08941929809381058.
Eliason, S (2003). "Illegal hunting and angling: The neutralization of wildlife law violations". Society & Animals. 11 (3): 225–244. doi:10.1163/156853003322773032. S2CID 143410598.
Green, G. S. (2002). "The other criminalities of animal freeze-killers: Support for a generality of deviance". Society & Animals. 10 (1): 5–30. doi:10.1163/156853002760030851.
Forsyth, C. J.; Gramling, R.; Wooddell, G. (1998). "The game of poaching: Folk crimes in southwest Louisiana". Society & Natural Resources. 11 (1): 25–38. Bibcode:1998SNatR..11...25F. doi:10.1080/08941929809381059.
Daskin, J. H. & Pringle, R. M. (2018). "Warfare and wildlife declines in Africa's protected areas". Nature. 553 (7688): 328–332. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..328D. doi:10.1038/nature25194. PMID 29320475. S2CID 4464877.
Liu, Z.; Jiang, Z.; Li, C.; Fang, H.; Ping, X.; Luo, Z.; Tang, S.; Li, L.; Meng, Z. & Zeng, Y. (2015). "Public attitude toward tiger farming and tiger conservation in Beijing, China". Animal Conservation. 18 (4): 367–376. Bibcode:2015AnCon..18..367L. doi:10.1111/acv.12181. S2CID 54699266.
Redford, K. (1992). "The Empty Forest" (PDF). BioScience. 42 (6): 412–422. doi:10.2307/1311860. JSTOR 1311860. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2013.
Harrison, R., Sreekar, R., Brodie, J. F., Brook, S. et al. "Impacts of hunting on tropical forests in Southeast Asia" Conservation Biology, Vol. 30. No. 5 (2016). pp. 972–981. [1]
Dobson, A.; Lynes, L. (2008). "How does poaching affect the size of national parks?". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 23 (4): 177–180. Bibcode:2008TEcoE..23..177D. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.08.019. PMID 18313793.
Georges-Courbot, M. C.; Sanchez, A.; Lu, C. Y.; Baize, S.; Leroy, E.; Lansout-Soukate, J.; Tévi-Bénissan, C.; Georges, A. J.; Trappier, S. G.; Zaki, S. R.; Swanepoel, R.; Leman, P. A.; Rollin, P. E.; Peters, C. J.; Nichol, S. T.; Ksiazek, T. G. (1997). "Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Ebola viruses causing different outbreaks in Gabon". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 3 (1): 59–62. doi:10.3201/eid0301.970107. PMC 2627600. PMID 9126445.
Bell, D.; Roberton, S.; Hunter, P. R. (2004). "Animal origins of SARS coronavirus: possible links with the international trade in small carnivores". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 359 (1447): 1107–1114. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1492. PMC 1693393. PMID 15306396.
Wolfe, N. D.; Heneine, W.; Carr, J. K.; Garcia, A. D.; Shanmugam, V.; Tamoufe, U.; Torimiro, J. N.; Prosser, A. T.; Lebreton, M.; Mpoudi-Ngole, E.; McCutchan, F. E.; Birx, D. L.; Folks, T. M.; Burke, D. S.; Switzer, W. M. (2005). "Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (22): 7994–7999. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.7994W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501734102. PMC 1142377. PMID 15911757.
Keele, B. F.; Van Heuverswyn, F.; Li, Y.; Bailes, E.; Takehisa, J.; Santiago, M. L.; Bibollet-Ruche, F.; Chen, Y.; Wain, L. V.; Liegeois, F.; Loul, S.; Ngole, E. M.; Bienvenue, Y.; Delaporte, E.; Brookfield, J. F.; Sharp, P. M.; Shaw, G. M.; Peeters, M.; Hahn, B. H. (2006). "Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1". Science. 313 (5786): 523–526. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..523K. doi:10.1126/science.1126531. PMC 2442710. PMID 16728595.
van Uhm, D.P. (2018). "The social construction of the value of wildlife: A green cultural criminological perspective". Theoretical Criminology. 22 (3): 384–401. doi:10.1177/1362480618787170. PMC 6120127. PMID 30245576.
Timms, Liam; Holden, Matthew H. (1 February 2024). "Optimizing protected area expansion and enforcement to conserve exploited species". Biological Conservation. 290: 110463. Bibcode:2024BCons.29010463T. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110463. ISSN 0006-3207.
Kuempel, Caitlin D.; Adams, Vanessa M.; Possingham, Hugh P.; Bode, Michael (May 2018). "Bigger or better: The relative benefits of protected area network expansion and enforcement for the conservation of an exploited species". Conservation Letters. 11 (3). Bibcode:2018ConL...11E2433K. doi:10.1111/conl.12433. hdl:10072/417009. ISSN 1755-263X.
Duffy, R. (2014). "Waging a war to save biodiversity: the rise of militarized conservation" (PDF). International Affairs. 90 (4): 819–834. doi:10.1111/1468-2346.12142.
Mogomotsi, G.; Kefilwe Madigele, P. (2017). "Live by the gun, die by the gun: An Analysis of Botswana's 'shoot-to-kill' policy as an anti-poaching strategy". South African Crime Quarterly (60). doi:10.17159/2413-3108/2017/v0n60a1787.
Chen, F. (2016). "Poachers and Snobs: Demand for Rarity and the Effects of Antipoaching Policies". Conservation Letters. 9 (1): 65–69. Bibcode:2016ConL....9...65C. doi:10.1111/conl.12181. ISSN 1755-263X.
Holden, M. H.; Biggs, D.; Brink, H.; Bal, P.; Rhodes, J. & McDonald-Madden, E. (2018). "Increase anti-poaching law-enforcement or reduce demand for wildlife products? A framework to guide strategic conservation investments". Conservation Letters. 12 (3): e12618. doi:10.1111/conl.12618. hdl:10072/385839.
Veríssimo, D. & Wan, A. K. Y. (2019). "Characterizing efforts to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products". Conservation Biology. 33 (3): 623–633. Bibcode:2019ConBi..33..623V. doi:10.1111/cobi.13227. PMID 30259569. S2CID 52842222.

fws.gov

"U.S. Ivory Crush" (PDF). U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2014.

ghostarchive.org

"Vietnam seizes 125kg of rhino horn worth £6m concealed in plaster shipment". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2019.

giz.de

"Partnership against Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade in Africa and Asia". Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. Retrieved 22 April 2020.

globalconservation.org

"MPA Protection Mission – Isla de la Plata, Machalilla National Park, Ecuador". Global Conservation. 8 February 2019. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Kuempel, Caitlin D.; Adams, Vanessa M.; Possingham, Hugh P.; Bode, Michael (May 2018). "Bigger or better: The relative benefits of protected area network expansion and enforcement for the conservation of an exploited species". Conservation Letters. 11 (3). Bibcode:2018ConL...11E2433K. doi:10.1111/conl.12433. hdl:10072/417009. ISSN 1755-263X.
Holden, M. H.; Biggs, D.; Brink, H.; Bal, P.; Rhodes, J. & McDonald-Madden, E. (2018). "Increase anti-poaching law-enforcement or reduce demand for wildlife products? A framework to guide strategic conservation investments". Conservation Letters. 12 (3): e12618. doi:10.1111/conl.12618. hdl:10072/385839.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Power Bratton, S. (1985). "Effects of disturbance by visitors on two woodland orchid species in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA". Biological Conservation. 31 (3): 211–227. Bibcode:1985BCons..31..211P. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(85)90068-0.
Muth, R. M.; Bowe, Jr. (1998). "Illegal harvest of renewable natural resources in North America: Toward a typology of the motivations for poaching". Society & Natural Resources. 11 (1): 9–24. Bibcode:1998SNatR..11....9M. doi:10.1080/08941929809381058.
Forsyth, C. J.; Gramling, R.; Wooddell, G. (1998). "The game of poaching: Folk crimes in southwest Louisiana". Society & Natural Resources. 11 (1): 25–38. Bibcode:1998SNatR..11...25F. doi:10.1080/08941929809381059.
Daskin, J. H. & Pringle, R. M. (2018). "Warfare and wildlife declines in Africa's protected areas". Nature. 553 (7688): 328–332. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..328D. doi:10.1038/nature25194. PMID 29320475. S2CID 4464877.
Liu, Z.; Jiang, Z.; Li, C.; Fang, H.; Ping, X.; Luo, Z.; Tang, S.; Li, L.; Meng, Z. & Zeng, Y. (2015). "Public attitude toward tiger farming and tiger conservation in Beijing, China". Animal Conservation. 18 (4): 367–376. Bibcode:2015AnCon..18..367L. doi:10.1111/acv.12181. S2CID 54699266.
Dobson, A.; Lynes, L. (2008). "How does poaching affect the size of national parks?". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 23 (4): 177–180. Bibcode:2008TEcoE..23..177D. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.08.019. PMID 18313793.
Wolfe, N. D.; Heneine, W.; Carr, J. K.; Garcia, A. D.; Shanmugam, V.; Tamoufe, U.; Torimiro, J. N.; Prosser, A. T.; Lebreton, M.; Mpoudi-Ngole, E.; McCutchan, F. E.; Birx, D. L.; Folks, T. M.; Burke, D. S.; Switzer, W. M. (2005). "Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (22): 7994–7999. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.7994W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501734102. PMC 1142377. PMID 15911757.
Keele, B. F.; Van Heuverswyn, F.; Li, Y.; Bailes, E.; Takehisa, J.; Santiago, M. L.; Bibollet-Ruche, F.; Chen, Y.; Wain, L. V.; Liegeois, F.; Loul, S.; Ngole, E. M.; Bienvenue, Y.; Delaporte, E.; Brookfield, J. F.; Sharp, P. M.; Shaw, G. M.; Peeters, M.; Hahn, B. H. (2006). "Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1". Science. 313 (5786): 523–526. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..523K. doi:10.1126/science.1126531. PMC 2442710. PMID 16728595.
Timms, Liam; Holden, Matthew H. (1 February 2024). "Optimizing protected area expansion and enforcement to conserve exploited species". Biological Conservation. 290: 110463. Bibcode:2024BCons.29010463T. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110463. ISSN 0006-3207.
Kuempel, Caitlin D.; Adams, Vanessa M.; Possingham, Hugh P.; Bode, Michael (May 2018). "Bigger or better: The relative benefits of protected area network expansion and enforcement for the conservation of an exploited species". Conservation Letters. 11 (3). Bibcode:2018ConL...11E2433K. doi:10.1111/conl.12433. hdl:10072/417009. ISSN 1755-263X.
Chen, F. (2016). "Poachers and Snobs: Demand for Rarity and the Effects of Antipoaching Policies". Conservation Letters. 9 (1): 65–69. Bibcode:2016ConL....9...65C. doi:10.1111/conl.12181. ISSN 1755-263X.
Veríssimo, D. & Wan, A. K. Y. (2019). "Characterizing efforts to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products". Conservation Biology. 33 (3): 623–633. Bibcode:2019ConBi..33..623V. doi:10.1111/cobi.13227. PMID 30259569. S2CID 52842222.

heraldlive.co.za

Carnie, T. (2017). "Should rangers be allowed to kill poachers on sight? Yes' researchers say". The Herald (South Africa). Retrieved 20 July 2017.

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Dunn, M. (2012). "Ex-soldier takes on poachers with hi-tech help for wildlife". Herald Sun.

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Freitag, W. (2013). "Wilderei – Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, poaching entry in the Bavarian historical encyclopedia". www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de. Archived from the original on 14 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.

huffingtonpost.com

"African Elephants May Be Extinct By 2020 Because People Keep Eating With Ivory Chopsticks". huffingtonpost.com. 30 July 2014.

iapf.org

Mander, D. (2013). "Rise of the drones" (PDF). Africa Geographic (February): 52–55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015.

independent.co.uk

Randall, David; Owen, Jonathan (29 April 2012). "Slaughter of rhinos at record high". London: Independent.co.uk. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
Dalton, J. (2018). "Wildlife poachers in Kenya 'to face death penalty'". The Independent. Retrieved 3 April 2019.

inquisitr.com

Chavez, H. (2019). "Kenya's Poachers To Face Execution For Killing Treasured Species". Inquisitr. Retrieved 3 April 2019.

jstor.org

Vandergrift, J. (2013). "Elephant Poaching: CITES Failure to Combat the Growth in Chinese Demand for Ivory". Virginia Environmental Law Journal. 31 (1): 102–135. JSTOR 44679553.
Redford, K. (1992). "The Empty Forest" (PDF). BioScience. 42 (6): 412–422. doi:10.2307/1311860. JSTOR 1311860. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2013.

merriam-webster.com

Merriam-Webster, Inc. (2003). "Poaching". The Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. Springfield: Merriam-Webster, Inc. Retrieved 18 August 2013.

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Jacobs, Ryan. "AK-47s, Quack Medicine, and Heaps of Cash: The Gruesome Rhino Horn Trade, Explained". Mother Jones. Retrieved 24 July 2020.

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nih.gov

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Daskin, J. H. & Pringle, R. M. (2018). "Warfare and wildlife declines in Africa's protected areas". Nature. 553 (7688): 328–332. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..328D. doi:10.1038/nature25194. PMID 29320475. S2CID 4464877.
Dobson, A.; Lynes, L. (2008). "How does poaching affect the size of national parks?". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 23 (4): 177–180. Bibcode:2008TEcoE..23..177D. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.08.019. PMID 18313793.
Georges-Courbot, M. C.; Sanchez, A.; Lu, C. Y.; Baize, S.; Leroy, E.; Lansout-Soukate, J.; Tévi-Bénissan, C.; Georges, A. J.; Trappier, S. G.; Zaki, S. R.; Swanepoel, R.; Leman, P. A.; Rollin, P. E.; Peters, C. J.; Nichol, S. T.; Ksiazek, T. G. (1997). "Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Ebola viruses causing different outbreaks in Gabon". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 3 (1): 59–62. doi:10.3201/eid0301.970107. PMC 2627600. PMID 9126445.
Bell, D.; Roberton, S.; Hunter, P. R. (2004). "Animal origins of SARS coronavirus: possible links with the international trade in small carnivores". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 359 (1447): 1107–1114. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1492. PMC 1693393. PMID 15306396.
Wolfe, N. D.; Heneine, W.; Carr, J. K.; Garcia, A. D.; Shanmugam, V.; Tamoufe, U.; Torimiro, J. N.; Prosser, A. T.; Lebreton, M.; Mpoudi-Ngole, E.; McCutchan, F. E.; Birx, D. L.; Folks, T. M.; Burke, D. S.; Switzer, W. M. (2005). "Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (22): 7994–7999. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.7994W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501734102. PMC 1142377. PMID 15911757.
Keele, B. F.; Van Heuverswyn, F.; Li, Y.; Bailes, E.; Takehisa, J.; Santiago, M. L.; Bibollet-Ruche, F.; Chen, Y.; Wain, L. V.; Liegeois, F.; Loul, S.; Ngole, E. M.; Bienvenue, Y.; Delaporte, E.; Brookfield, J. F.; Sharp, P. M.; Shaw, G. M.; Peeters, M.; Hahn, B. H. (2006). "Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1". Science. 313 (5786): 523–526. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..523K. doi:10.1126/science.1126531. PMC 2442710. PMID 16728595.
van Uhm, D.P. (2018). "The social construction of the value of wildlife: A green cultural criminological perspective". Theoretical Criminology. 22 (3): 384–401. doi:10.1177/1362480618787170. PMC 6120127. PMID 30245576.
Veríssimo, D. & Wan, A. K. Y. (2019). "Characterizing efforts to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products". Conservation Biology. 33 (3): 623–633. Bibcode:2019ConBi..33..623V. doi:10.1111/cobi.13227. PMID 30259569. S2CID 52842222.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Georges-Courbot, M. C.; Sanchez, A.; Lu, C. Y.; Baize, S.; Leroy, E.; Lansout-Soukate, J.; Tévi-Bénissan, C.; Georges, A. J.; Trappier, S. G.; Zaki, S. R.; Swanepoel, R.; Leman, P. A.; Rollin, P. E.; Peters, C. J.; Nichol, S. T.; Ksiazek, T. G. (1997). "Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of Ebola viruses causing different outbreaks in Gabon". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 3 (1): 59–62. doi:10.3201/eid0301.970107. PMC 2627600. PMID 9126445.
Bell, D.; Roberton, S.; Hunter, P. R. (2004). "Animal origins of SARS coronavirus: possible links with the international trade in small carnivores". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 359 (1447): 1107–1114. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1492. PMC 1693393. PMID 15306396.
Wolfe, N. D.; Heneine, W.; Carr, J. K.; Garcia, A. D.; Shanmugam, V.; Tamoufe, U.; Torimiro, J. N.; Prosser, A. T.; Lebreton, M.; Mpoudi-Ngole, E.; McCutchan, F. E.; Birx, D. L.; Folks, T. M.; Burke, D. S.; Switzer, W. M. (2005). "Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (22): 7994–7999. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.7994W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501734102. PMC 1142377. PMID 15911757.
Keele, B. F.; Van Heuverswyn, F.; Li, Y.; Bailes, E.; Takehisa, J.; Santiago, M. L.; Bibollet-Ruche, F.; Chen, Y.; Wain, L. V.; Liegeois, F.; Loul, S.; Ngole, E. M.; Bienvenue, Y.; Delaporte, E.; Brookfield, J. F.; Sharp, P. M.; Shaw, G. M.; Peeters, M.; Hahn, B. H. (2006). "Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1". Science. 313 (5786): 523–526. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..523K. doi:10.1126/science.1126531. PMC 2442710. PMID 16728595.
van Uhm, D.P. (2018). "The social construction of the value of wildlife: A green cultural criminological perspective". Theoretical Criminology. 22 (3): 384–401. doi:10.1177/1362480618787170. PMC 6120127. PMID 30245576.

nytimes.com

Gettleman, Jeffrey (3 September 2012). "Elephants Dying in Epic Frenzy as Ivory Fuels Wars and Profits". The New York Times.
Gettleman, Jeffrey (26 December 2012). "In Gabon, Lure of Ivory Is Hard for Many to Resist". The New York Times.

ox.ac.uk

ora.ox.ac.uk

Veríssimo, D. & Wan, A. K. Y. (2019). "Characterizing efforts to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products". Conservation Biology. 33 (3): 623–633. Bibcode:2019ConBi..33..623V. doi:10.1111/cobi.13227. PMID 30259569. S2CID 52842222.

oxforddictionaries.com

McKean, E. (ed.) (2005). "Poaching". The new Oxford American dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

phys.org

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rti.org

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scientist.com

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sehepunkte.de

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semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Eliason, S (2003). "Illegal hunting and angling: The neutralization of wildlife law violations". Society & Animals. 11 (3): 225–244. doi:10.1163/156853003322773032. S2CID 143410598.
Daskin, J. H. & Pringle, R. M. (2018). "Warfare and wildlife declines in Africa's protected areas". Nature. 553 (7688): 328–332. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..328D. doi:10.1038/nature25194. PMID 29320475. S2CID 4464877.
Liu, Z.; Jiang, Z.; Li, C.; Fang, H.; Ping, X.; Luo, Z.; Tang, S.; Li, L.; Meng, Z. & Zeng, Y. (2015). "Public attitude toward tiger farming and tiger conservation in Beijing, China". Animal Conservation. 18 (4): 367–376. Bibcode:2015AnCon..18..367L. doi:10.1111/acv.12181. S2CID 54699266.
Veríssimo, D. & Wan, A. K. Y. (2019). "Characterizing efforts to reduce consumer demand for wildlife products". Conservation Biology. 33 (3): 623–633. Bibcode:2019ConBi..33..623V. doi:10.1111/cobi.13227. PMID 30259569. S2CID 52842222.

sfgate.com

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telegraph.co.uk

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thediplomat.com

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