Police (English Wikipedia)

"Car Fire Rescue, Caught On Tape". CBS News. 19 October 2005. My partner grabbed the fire extinguisher and I ran to the car. We didn't know somebody was in there at first. And then everybody started yelling, 'There's somebody trapped! There's somebody trapped!' And, along with the help of a bunch of citizens, we were able to get him out in the nick of time.

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cliffsnotes.com

"Policing Colonial America".

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Taylor, J. "The Victorian Police Rattle Mystery"/ Archived February 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine The Constabulary (2003)

cornell.edu

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"Crime and Punishment in Shogun Japan". 13 August 2018.

doi.org

Miller, Eric J. (27 May 2023). "The Concept of the Police". Criminal Law and Philosophy. 17 (3): 573–595. doi:10.1007/s11572-023-09682-8. ISSN 1871-9791.
Fuhrmann, Christopher (2011). "Policing the Roman Empire: Soldiers, Administration, and Public Order". Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737840.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-973784-0.
Dean, Trevor (11 September 2019). "Police forces in late medieval Italy: Bologna, 1340–1480". Social History. 44 (2): 151–172. doi:10.1080/03071022.2019.1579974. ISSN 0307-1022. S2CID 164456140 – via www.academia.edu.
Dobrin, Adam (July 2017). "Volunteer police: History, benefits, costs and current descriptions". Security Journal. 30 (3): 717–733. doi:10.1057/sj.2015.18. ISSN 0955-1662. S2CID 152660408.
Lentz, Susan A.; Chaires, Robert H. (2007). "The Invention of Peel's Principles: A Study of Policing 'Textbook' History". Journal of Criminal Justice. 35 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.11.016.
Bayley, David H. (1979). "Police Function, Structure, and Control in Western Europe and North America: Comparative and Historical Studies". Crime & Justice. 1: 109–143. doi:10.1086/449060. S2CID 144851432. NCJ 63672.
Sheptycki, James (2007). "High Policing in the Security Control Society". Policing. Vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 70–79. doi:10.1093/police/pam005. Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
Reiss, Albert J. Jr. (1992). "Police Organization in the Twentieth Century". Crime and Justice. 15: 51–97. doi:10.1086/449193. S2CID 144200517. NCJ 138800.
Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020). "The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan". Europe-Asia Studies. 73: 178–199. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 229420067.
Sherman, L.W.; Weisburd, D. (1995). "General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime "hot spots": A randomized, controlled trial". Justice Quarterly. 12 (4): 625–648. doi:10.1080/07418829500096221.
Wertz, Joseph; Azrael, Deborah; Berrigan, John; Barber, Catherine; Nelson, Eliot; Hemenway, David; Salhi, Carmel; Miller, Matthew (1 June 2020). "A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police: a Latent Class Analysis of Firearm Legal Intervention Homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System". Journal of Urban Health. 97 (3): 317–328. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00430-0. ISSN 1468-2869. PMC 7305287. PMID 32212060.
Benson, Bruce L.; Rasmussen, David W.; Sollars, David L. (April 1995). "Police bureaucracies, their incentives, and the war on drugs". Public Choice. 83 (1–2): 21–45. doi:10.1007/BF01047681. ISSN 0048-5829. S2CID 153414984.

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eff.org

"Red Alert: The SFPD Want the Power to Kill with Robots". 28 November 2022.

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Brodeur, Jean-Paul (1992). "High Policing and Low Policing: Remarks about the Policing of Political Activities". In Kevin R.E. McCormick; Livy A. Visano (eds.). Understanding Policing. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 284–285, 295. ISBN 978-1-55130-005-4. LCCN 93178368. OCLC 27072058. OL 1500609M.

lumenlearning.com

courses.lumenlearning.com

"Section 4.1: Early History of Policing | Criminal Justice".

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"Why Was a Scotsman Working as a 'Cop' in 15th-century Bologna?". 17 October 2021.

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ncjrs.gov

Bayley, David H. (1979). "Police Function, Structure, and Control in Western Europe and North America: Comparative and Historical Studies". Crime & Justice. 1: 109–143. doi:10.1086/449060. S2CID 144851432. NCJ 63672.
Reiss, Albert J. Jr. (1992). "Police Organization in the Twentieth Century". Crime and Justice. 15: 51–97. doi:10.1086/449193. S2CID 144200517. NCJ 138800.
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"A Brief Guide to Police History". Archived from the original on 8 September 2009.

news24.com

"Cops 'must shoot to kill'". 25 March 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wertz, Joseph; Azrael, Deborah; Berrigan, John; Barber, Catherine; Nelson, Eliot; Hemenway, David; Salhi, Carmel; Miller, Matthew (1 June 2020). "A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police: a Latent Class Analysis of Firearm Legal Intervention Homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System". Journal of Urban Health. 97 (3): 317–328. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00430-0. ISSN 1468-2869. PMC 7305287. PMID 32212060.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wertz, Joseph; Azrael, Deborah; Berrigan, John; Barber, Catherine; Nelson, Eliot; Hemenway, David; Salhi, Carmel; Miller, Matthew (1 June 2020). "A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police: a Latent Class Analysis of Firearm Legal Intervention Homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System". Journal of Urban Health. 97 (3): 317–328. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00430-0. ISSN 1468-2869. PMC 7305287. PMID 32212060.

npr.org

Totenberg, Nina (8 June 2020). "Supreme Court weighs qualified immunity for police accused of misconduct". MPR News. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

nps.gov

"The history of the Park Police". National Park Service. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
The United States Park Police Webpage, NPS.gov Archived 24 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine

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Dao, James (18 April 1996). "Pataki Curbs Unmarked Cars' Use". New York Times. Retrieved 21 June 2009.

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osce.org

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"The Laws of the Ancient Persians". www.parstimes.com. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

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Kelling, George L.; Tony Pate; Duane Dieckman (1974). "The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment – A Summary Report" (PDF). Police Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2012.
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Bayley, David H. (1979). "Police Function, Structure, and Control in Western Europe and North America: Comparative and Historical Studies". Crime & Justice. 1: 109–143. doi:10.1086/449060. S2CID 144851432. NCJ 63672.
Reiss, Albert J. Jr. (1992). "Police Organization in the Twentieth Century". Crime and Justice. 15: 51–97. doi:10.1086/449193. S2CID 144200517. NCJ 138800.
Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020). "The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan". Europe-Asia Studies. 73: 178–199. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 229420067.
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Miller, Eric J. (27 May 2023). "The Concept of the Police". Criminal Law and Philosophy. 17 (3): 573–595. doi:10.1007/s11572-023-09682-8. ISSN 1871-9791.
Beam, Christopher (17 June 2009). "Prints of Persia". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Sharma, Anupam (2004). "Police in Ancient India". The Indian Journal of Political Science. 65 (1): 101–110. ISSN 0019-5510. JSTOR 41855800.
Dean, Trevor (11 September 2019). "Police forces in late medieval Italy: Bologna, 1340–1480". Social History. 44 (2): 151–172. doi:10.1080/03071022.2019.1579974. ISSN 0307-1022. S2CID 164456140 – via www.academia.edu.
Dobrin, Adam (July 2017). "Volunteer police: History, benefits, costs and current descriptions". Security Journal. 30 (3): 717–733. doi:10.1057/sj.2015.18. ISSN 0955-1662. S2CID 152660408.
Clarkson, Charles Tempest; Richardson, J. Hall (1889). Police!. Garland Pub. pp. 1–2. ISBN 9780824062163. OCLC 60726408.
Brodeur, Jean-Paul (1992). "High Policing and Low Policing: Remarks about the Policing of Political Activities". In Kevin R.E. McCormick; Livy A. Visano (eds.). Understanding Policing. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 284–285, 295. ISBN 978-1-55130-005-4. LCCN 93178368. OCLC 27072058. OL 1500609M.
Wilson, Jason (15 June 2017). "The new horsemen: how American riot police embraced the bicycle". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020). "The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan". Europe-Asia Studies. 73: 178–199. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 229420067.
Wertz, Joseph; Azrael, Deborah; Berrigan, John; Barber, Catherine; Nelson, Eliot; Hemenway, David; Salhi, Carmel; Miller, Matthew (1 June 2020). "A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police: a Latent Class Analysis of Firearm Legal Intervention Homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System". Journal of Urban Health. 97 (3): 317–328. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00430-0. ISSN 1468-2869. PMC 7305287. PMID 32212060.
Benson, Bruce L.; Rasmussen, David W.; Sollars, David L. (April 1995). "Police bureaucracies, their incentives, and the war on drugs". Public Choice. 83 (1–2): 21–45. doi:10.1007/BF01047681. ISSN 0048-5829. S2CID 153414984.
Levin, Sam (6 June 2020). "What does 'defund the police' mean? The rallying cry sweeping the US – explained". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

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Furuhagen, Björn (2009). "Från fjärdingsman till närpolis – en kortfattad svensk polishistoria". Växjö Studies in Policing (in Swedish). Växjö: Växjö Universitet. ISSN 1654-6776

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"Police in Ancient Egypt". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 3 May 2020.

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"George Floyd's death was 'the last straw' for the black community". news.yahoo.com. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2021.