Police (English Wikipedia)

AsiaNews.it. "PAKISTAN Peshawar: noto giurista ucciso a colpi d'arma da fuoco". www.asianews.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.

asor.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"ANE Today – Policemen in 1st millennium BC Babylonia". 19 February 2019. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2020.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.co.uk

"What happens when someone goes missing?". BBC News. 24 August 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
"Just how practical is a traditional Bobby's helmet?". BBC. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Middle East | Saudi minister rebukes religious police". BBC News. 4 November 2002. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
"SA minister defends shoot-to-kill". BBC News. 12 November 2009. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2010.

bja.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Volunteer Programs enhancing Public safety by leveraging resources" (PDF). United States Department of Justice. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2026.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Conser, James A.; Russell, Gregory D.; Gingerich, Terry E.; Paynich, Rebecca (2005). Law Enforcement in the United States. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-0-7637-8352-5. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
Park, Louise; Love, Timothy (2010). The Spartan Hoplites. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 9780761444497.
Adler, Philip J.; Pouwels, Randall L. (2016). World Civilizations. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-337-51764-5.
Malik, Dr Malti. History of the World. New Saraswati House India Pvt. ISBN 9789350419380.
McKrause, Stanford. "Life in the Aztec Empire".
Parsons, Timothy (2010). The Rule of Empires: Those Who Built Them, Those Who Endured Them, and Why ... Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-974619-4.
Malpass, Michael Andrew (1996). Daily Life in the Inca Empire. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 9780313293900.
Hess, Kären M.; Orthmann, Christine Hess (2012). Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice. Cengage Learning. ISBN 9781111138905.
Clarkson, Charles Tempest; Richardson, J. Hall (1889). Police!. Garland Pub. pp. 1–2. ISBN 9780824062163. OCLC 60726408. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Coke, Sir Edward (1642). The second part of the Institutes of the lawes of England: Containing the exposition of many ancient, and other statutes; whereof you may see the particulars in a table following…. Printed by M. Flesher and R. Young, for E.D., R.M., W.L. and D.P. p. 77. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
Brodeur, Jean-Paul (2010). The Policing Web. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-981331-5. Retrieved 7 February 2013.
Terrill, Richard J. (2015). World Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey (revised ed.). Routledge. p. 32. ISBN 978-1317228820.
Dempsey, John S.; Forst, Linda S. (2015). An Introduction to Policing (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 6–8. ISBN 978-1305544680.
Dempsey, John S.; Forst, Linda S. (2015). An Introduction to Policing (8 ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 6–8. ISBN 978-1305544680.
Spillane, Joseph F.; Wolcott, David B. (2013). A History of Modern American Criminal Justice. Sage. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4129-8134-7.
Agnew, Jeremy (2012). The Old West in Fact and Film: History Versus Hollywood. McFarland. ISBN 9780786493111.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Secret police". Britannica. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
"Police: The formation of the English Police" Archived 21 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Britannica.com, 2007. Retrieved 6 February 2007.

bucksfreepress.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 5,915^th place)

"Police helmets to make a return to Bucks this year". Bucks Free Press. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

dictionary.cambridge.org

"Secret police". Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

"Car Fire Rescue, Caught On Tape". CBS News. 19 October 2005. My partner grabbed the fire extinguisher and I ran to the car. We didn't know somebody was in there at first. And then everybody started yelling, 'There's somebody trapped! There's somebody trapped!' And, along with the help of a bunch of citizens, we were able to get him out in the nick of time.

cdlib.org (Global: 2,017^th place; English: 1,105^th place)

content.cdlib.org

"Guide to the Orlando Winfield Wilson Papers, ca. 1928–1972". Online Archive of California. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2006.

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

"Lists & Structure of Governments". Census.gov. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2012.

cityofboston.gov (Global: low place; English: 8,991^st place)

"A Brief History of The B.P.D." City of Boston. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
A Brief History of The B.P.D. Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine City of Boston, Police Department (accessed 3 December 2009)

cliffsnotes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Policing Colonial America".

constabulary.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Taylor, J. "The Victorian Police Rattle Mystery"/ Archived February 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine The Constabulary (2003)

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

law.cornell.edu

Supreme Court of the United States, Terry v. Ohio (No. 67), Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Ohio. Retrieved 2010-05-12 from law.cornell.edu Archived 4 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine

straylight.law.cornell.edu

"Castle Rock v. Gonzales". Cornell University Law School. Retrieved 21 March 2009.

crimereads.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Crime and Punishment in Shogun Japan". 13 August 2018.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Miller, Eric J. (27 May 2023). "The Concept of the Police". Criminal Law and Philosophy. 17 (3): 573–595. doi:10.1007/s11572-023-09682-8. ISSN 1871-9791.
Owens, M. L. (2024). "Police in the urban world: A primer". Journal of Urban Affairs. 46 (8): 1489–1506. doi:10.1080/07352166.2024.2369464.
Bayley, David H. (1979). "Police Function, Structure, and Control in Western Europe and North America: Comparative and Historical Studies". Crime & Justice. 1: 109–143. doi:10.1086/449060. S2CID 144851432. NCJ 63672.
Sheptycki, James (2007). "High Policing in the Security Control Society". Policing. Vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 70–79. doi:10.1093/police/pam005. Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
Reiss, Albert J. Jr. (1992). "Police Organization in the Twentieth Century". Crime and Justice. 15: 51–97. doi:10.1086/449193. S2CID 144200517. NCJ 138800.
Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020). "The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan". Europe-Asia Studies. 73: 178–199. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 229420067. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
Sherman, L.W.; Weisburd, D. (1995). "General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime "hot spots": A randomized, controlled trial". Justice Quarterly. 12 (4): 625–648. doi:10.1080/07418829500096221.
Wertz, Joseph; Azrael, Deborah; Berrigan, John; Barber, Catherine; Nelson, Eliot; Hemenway, David; Salhi, Carmel; Miller, Matthew (1 June 2020). "A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police: a Latent Class Analysis of Firearm Legal Intervention Homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System". Journal of Urban Health. 97 (3): 317–328. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00430-0. ISSN 1468-2869. PMC 7305287. PMID 32212060.
Benson, Bruce L.; Rasmussen, David W.; Sollars, David L. (April 1995). "Police bureaucracies, their incentives, and the war on drugs". Public Choice. 83 (1–2): 21–45. doi:10.1007/BF01047681. ISSN 0048-5829. S2CID 153414984.
Fuhrmann, Christopher (2011). "Policing the Roman Empire: Soldiers, Administration, and Public Order". Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737840.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-973784-0. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Dean, Trevor (11 September 2019). "Police forces in late medieval Italy: Bologna, 1340–1480". Social History. 44 (2): 151–172. doi:10.1080/03071022.2019.1579974. ISSN 0307-1022. S2CID 164456140 – via www.academia.edu.^{[dead link]}
Dobrin, Adam (July 2017). "Volunteer police: History, benefits, costs and current descriptions". Security Journal. 30 (3): 717–733. doi:10.1057/sj.2015.18. ISSN 0955-1662. S2CID 152660408.
Lentz, Susan A.; Chaires, Robert H. (2007). "The Invention of Peel's Principles: A Study of Policing 'Textbook' History". Journal of Criminal Justice. 35 (1): 69–79. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2006.11.016.

edinburghhighconstables.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Edinburgh High Constables – History". www.edinburghhighconstables.org.uk.

eff.org (Global: 4,491^st place; English: 3,102^nd place)

"Red Alert: The SFPD Want the Power to Kill with Robots". 28 November 2022.

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

Griffiths, Arthur George Frederick (1911). "Police" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 979–980, lines three and four. The word was adopted in English in the 18th century and was disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression

fox26houston.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hee, Natalie (19 April 2023). "6 more illegal Chinese police stations allegedly operating in US including Houston". Fox26. Retrieved 26 July 2024.

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

Palma, Stefania (16 March 2022). "Dissidents targeted on behalf of China's secret police, US prosecutors allege". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

Palma, Stefania (16 March 2022). "Dissidents targeted on behalf of China's secret police, US prosecutors allege". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.

google.co.uk (Global: 1,519^th place; English: 727^th place)

scholar.google.co.uk

South v. State of Maryland (Supreme Court of the United States 1855), Text.

greekreporter.com (Global: 4,514^th place; English: 3,349^th place)

Tsolakidou, Stella (30 May 2013). "The Police in Ancient Greece". Greekreporter.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.

hofstra.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,622^nd place)

scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu

Rafaqat, Cheema (July 2016). "Black and Blue Bloods: Protecting Police Officer Families from Domestic Violence". Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law.

indiatimes.com (Global: 31^st place; English: 19^th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

"Why is the colour of the Indian police uniform khaki?". The Times of India. 3 March 2007. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2010.

interieur.gouv.fr (Global: 426^th place; English: 2,561^st place)

prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr

"Bicentenaire: theme expo4". prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2009.

isf.gov.lb (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Historical overview". Interior Security Forces (Lebanon). Archived from the original on 2 June 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2007.

jewishencyclopedia.com (Global: 1,262^nd place; English: 931^st place)

"Police Laws". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Sharma, Anupam (2004). "Police in Ancient India". The Indian Journal of Political Science. 65 (1): 101–110. ISSN 0019-5510. JSTOR 41855800.

justice.gov (Global: 884^th place; English: 477^th place)

"Two Arrested for Operating Illegal Overseas Police Station of the Chinese Government". US Department of Justice. 17 April 2023. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.

legendsofamerica.com (Global: 7,500^th place; English: 4,666^th place)

"Lawmen of the Old West – Legends of America".

legistar.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

sfgov.legistar.com

"Law Enforcement Equipment Policy". Retrieved 16 December 2022.

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

lccn.loc.gov

Brodeur, Jean-Paul (1992). "High Policing and Low Policing: Remarks about the Policing of Political Activities". In Kevin R.E. McCormick; Livy A. Visano (eds.). Understanding Policing. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 284–285, 295. ISBN 978-1-55130-005-4. LCCN 93178368. OCLC 27072058. OL 1500609M.

medievalists.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Why Was a Scotsman Working as a 'Cop' in 15th-century Bologna?". 17 October 2021.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"police". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871. Retrieved 31 January 2020.

met.police.uk (Global: 9,411^th place; English: 5,536^th place)

formerly named SO19 "Metropolitan Police Service – Central Operations, Specialist Firearms unit (CO19)". Metropolitan Police Service. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
"Metropolitan Police Service – History of the Metropolitan Police Service". Met.police.uk. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009.

naacp.org (Global: low place; English: 9,656^th place)

"The Origins of Modern Day Policing". naacp.org. Retrieved 27 September 2022.

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 718^th place; English: 414^th place)

ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk

"The National Archives | NDAD | Metropolitan Police". Ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 22 November 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2009.

nber.org (Global: 3,811^th place; English: 2,424^th place)

Chalfin, Aaron; McCrary, Justin (2013). The Effect of Police on Crime: New Evidence from U.S. Cities, 1960-2010 (Report). National Bureau of Economic Research. Archived from the original on 9 September 2025. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

ncwc.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

faculty.ncwc.edu

"A Brief Guide to Police History". Archived from the original on 8 September 2009.

news.yahoo.com (Global: 183^rd place; English: 212^th place)

"George Floyd's death was 'the last straw' for the black community". news.yahoo.com. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

news24.com (Global: 1,057^th place; English: 583^rd place)

"Cops 'must shoot to kill'". 25 March 2010. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2010.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wertz, Joseph; Azrael, Deborah; Berrigan, John; Barber, Catherine; Nelson, Eliot; Hemenway, David; Salhi, Carmel; Miller, Matthew (1 June 2020). "A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police: a Latent Class Analysis of Firearm Legal Intervention Homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System". Journal of Urban Health. 97 (3): 317–328. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00430-0. ISSN 1468-2869. PMC 7305287. PMID 32212060.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wertz, Joseph; Azrael, Deborah; Berrigan, John; Barber, Catherine; Nelson, Eliot; Hemenway, David; Salhi, Carmel; Miller, Matthew (1 June 2020). "A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police: a Latent Class Analysis of Firearm Legal Intervention Homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System". Journal of Urban Health. 97 (3): 317–328. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00430-0. ISSN 1468-2869. PMC 7305287. PMID 32212060.

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

Totenberg, Nina (8 June 2020). "Supreme Court weighs qualified immunity for police accused of misconduct". MPR News. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

nps.gov (Global: 79^th place; English: 40^th place)

The United States Park Police Webpage, NPS.gov Archived 19 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
"The history of the Park Police". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2010.

nsw.gov.au (Global: 233^rd place; English: 113^th place)

police.nsw.gov.au

"1788–1888". NSW Police.

nydailynews.com (Global: 261^st place; English: 147^th place)

"New York City Police Department". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

query.nytimes.com

Dao, James (18 April 1996). "Pataki Curbs Unmarked Cars' Use". New York Times. Retrieved 21 June 2009.

nytimes.com

"If Police Encounters Were Filmed". The New York Times. 22 October 2013.

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

"Police". Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.

ojp.gov (Global: 6,739^th place; English: 3,639^th place)

Bittner, Egon (1970). The Functions of the Police in Modern Society. National Institute of Mental Health.
Bayley, David H. (1979). "Police Function, Structure, and Control in Western Europe and North America: Comparative and Historical Studies". Crime & Justice. 1: 109–143. doi:10.1086/449060. S2CID 144851432. NCJ 63672.
"Law Enforcement Statistics". Bureau of Justice Statistics. Archived from the original on 2 October 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
Reiss, Albert J. Jr. (1992). "Police Organization in the Twentieth Century". Crime and Justice. 15: 51–97. doi:10.1086/449193. S2CID 144200517. NCJ 138800.
Kelling, George L.; Mary A. Wycoff (2002). Evolving Strategy of Policing: Case Studies of Strategic Change. National Institute of Justice. NCJ 198029.

oldbaileyonline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Central Criminal Court". Archived 15 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Oldbaileyonline.org.

openlibrary.org (Global: 185^th place; English: 154^th place)

Brodeur, Jean-Paul (1992). "High Policing and Low Policing: Remarks about the Policing of Political Activities". In Kevin R.E. McCormick; Livy A. Visano (eds.). Understanding Policing. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 284–285, 295. ISBN 978-1-55130-005-4. LCCN 93178368. OCLC 27072058. OL 1500609M.

osce.org (Global: 2,863^rd place; English: 2,793^rd place)

polis.osce.org

"Policing Profiles of Participating and Partner States". Polis. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.

oxfordjournals.org (Global: 1,550^th place; English: 3,406^th place)

policing.oxfordjournals.org

Sheptycki, James (2007). "High Policing in the Security Control Society". Policing. Vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 70–79. doi:10.1093/police/pam005. Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2011.

parliament.uk (Global: 313^th place; English: 181^st place)

publications.parliament.uk

The Committee Office, House of Commons. "House of Commons – HC 1456 Home Affairs Committee: Written evidence submitted by the National Black Police Association (NBPA)". publications.parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.

parstimes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Laws of the Ancient Persians". www.parstimes.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

pathfinder.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

jcgi.pathfinder.com

"Finest of the Finest". Time Magazine. 18 February 1966. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008.

philadelphiaencyclopedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Police Department (Philadelphia)

police-foundation.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Role and Responsibilities of the Police" (PDF). Policy Studies Institute. p. xii. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2009.

policefoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kelling, George L.; Tony Pate; Duane Dieckman (1974). "The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment – A Summary Report" (PDF). Police Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2012.
Sherman, Lawrence W. & Richard A. Berk (April 1984). "The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment" (PDF). Police Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.

policemuseum.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Pre 1800 – Glasgow Police Museum". Glasgow Police Museum.

policiamilitar.mg.gov.br (Global: low place; English: low place)

"PMMG". Policiamilitar.mg.gov.br. Archived from the original on 12 July 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2009.

polizei-nrw.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

www1.polizei-nrw.de

See e.g. § 1 section 2 of the Police Act of North Rhine-Westphalia: "Police Act of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia". polizei-nrw.de (in German). Land Nordrhein-Westfalen. Archived from the original on 10 December 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2008.

popularhistoria.se (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bergsten, Magnus; Furuhagen, Björn (2 March 2002). "Ordning på stan Archived 14 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine". sv:Populär Historia (in Swedish). Retrieved 17 August 2015.

princeton.edu (Global: 802^nd place; English: 528^th place)

press.princeton.edu

Hunter, Virginia J. (1994). Policing Athens: Social Control in the Attic Lawsuits, 420–320 B.C. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4008-0392-7. Archived from the original on 21 April 2007.

rcmp-grc.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: 8,866^th place)

"Intelligence-led policing: A Definition". Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Archived from the original on 15 May 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2007.

richmond.va.us (Global: low place; English: low place)

ci.richmond.va.us

"History of the Richmond Police Department". City of Richmond. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2010.

rochestermn.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Early Defibrillation". City of Rochester, Minnesota. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010.

sch.uk (Global: 3,585^th place; English: 1,751^st place)

nettlesworth.durham.sch.uk

Kathryn Costello. "Industrial Revolution". Nettlesworth.durham.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009.

scotia-news.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Glasgow Police". Scotia-news.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2009.

secretservice.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Secret Service History". United States Secret Service. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Bayley, David H. (1979). "Police Function, Structure, and Control in Western Europe and North America: Comparative and Historical Studies". Crime & Justice. 1: 109–143. doi:10.1086/449060. S2CID 144851432. NCJ 63672.
Reiss, Albert J. Jr. (1992). "Police Organization in the Twentieth Century". Crime and Justice. 15: 51–97. doi:10.1086/449193. S2CID 144200517. NCJ 138800.
Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020). "The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan". Europe-Asia Studies. 73: 178–199. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 229420067. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
Benson, Bruce L.; Rasmussen, David W.; Sollars, David L. (April 1995). "Police bureaucracies, their incentives, and the war on drugs". Public Choice. 83 (1–2): 21–45. doi:10.1007/BF01047681. ISSN 0048-5829. S2CID 153414984.
Dean, Trevor (11 September 2019). "Police forces in late medieval Italy: Bologna, 1340–1480". Social History. 44 (2): 151–172. doi:10.1080/03071022.2019.1579974. ISSN 0307-1022. S2CID 164456140 – via www.academia.edu.^{[dead link]}
Dobrin, Adam (July 2017). "Volunteer police: History, benefits, costs and current descriptions". Security Journal. 30 (3): 717–733. doi:10.1057/sj.2015.18. ISSN 0955-1662. S2CID 152660408.

sj-r.com (Global: low place; English: 5,260^th place)

Amanda Reavy. "Police review board gets started". The State Journal-Register Online. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

Beam, Christopher (17 June 2009). "Prints of Persia". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 30 August 2017.

spiritofchennai.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Police Service". Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2015.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Benson, Bruce L.; Rasmussen, David W.; Sollars, David L. (April 1995). "Police bureaucracies, their incentives, and the war on drugs". Public Choice. 83 (1–2): 21–45. doi:10.1007/BF01047681. ISSN 0048-5829. S2CID 153414984.

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

papers.ssrn.com

Lott, John R. (29 August 2018). "Concealed Carry Permit Holders Across the United States: 2018". SSRN 3233904.

stuff.co.nz (Global: 387^th place; English: 194^th place)

"Easy police access to firearms". www.stuff.co.nz. 31 January 2009. Retrieved 19 September 2024.

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020). "The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan". Europe-Asia Studies. 73: 178–199. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 229420067. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2020.

testbook.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Police Under British India: History, Administration, And Reforms!". Testbook.

thamespolicemuseum.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dick Paterson, Origins of the Thames Police Archived 6 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Thames Police Museum. Retrieved 4 February 2007.

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

Kelling, George L.; James Q. Wilson (March 1982). "Broken Windows". Atlantic Monthly. Archived from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2017.

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

"China has closed unofficial 'police stations' in Britain, UK minister says". The Guardian. 7 June 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
Wilson, Jason (15 June 2017). "The new horsemen: how American riot police embraced the bicycle". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
Levin, Sam (6 June 2020). "What does 'defund the police' mean? The rallying cry sweeping the US – explained". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

thejanuarist.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dan Zambonini (24 October 2009). "Joseph Hudson: Inventor of the Police and Referee Whistles". Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2013.

thestar.com (Global: 395^th place; English: 213^th place)

"Star Exclusive: Police ignore SIU's probes". Toronto Star. 22 February 2011.

thoughtco.com (Global: 2,170^th place; English: 1,937^th place)

Longley, Robert. "The History of Modern Policing and How It Has Evolved". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

"How the U.S. Got Its Police Force". Time. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.

torontopolicehistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Toronto Police in 1834–1860 "Formidable Engines of Oppression"".

tota.world (Global: low place; English: low place)

Commerce of the Aztec Empire

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

politia Archived 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, on Perseus Digital Library
πολιτεία Archived 1 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
πόλις Archived 22 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library

twitter.com (Global: 43^rd place; English: 43^rd place)

"Killer robots will not make San Francisco safer..." 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.

ucdavis.edu (Global: 2,336^th place; English: 1,492^nd place)

eastasian.ucdavis.edu

Whittaker, Jake. "UC Davis East Asian Studies". University of California, Davis. UCdavis.edu. Archived October 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,187^th place; English: 756^th place)

jdi.ucl.ac.uk

Tilley, Nick (2003). "Problem-Oriented Policing, Intelligence-Led Policing and the National Intelligence Model". Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College London. Archived from the original on 20 August 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.

umes.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dalgleish, David (April 2005). "Pre-Colonial Criminal Justice In West Africa: Eurocentric Thought Versus Africentric Evidence" (PDF). African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies. 1 (1). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.

universitypressscholarship.com (Global: 8,662^nd place; English: 5,532^nd place)

oxford.universitypressscholarship.com

Fuhrmann, Christopher (2011). "Policing the Roman Empire: Soldiers, Administration, and Public Order". Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737840.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-973784-0. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

Szabo, Liz. "Rubber bullets can kill, blind or maim people for life, but authorities continue to use them". USA Today. Retrieved 8 June 2020.

usmint.gov (Global: 5,667^th place; English: 3,885^th place)

"United States Mint Police". United States Mint. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2010.

uwaterloo.ca (Global: 3,649^th place; English: 2,434^th place)

Andy Alexis-Baker (2007). "The Gospel or a Glock? Mennonites and the Police". The Conrad Grebel Review. 25 (2). Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.

victorianweb.org (Global: 4,804^th place; English: 3,285^th place)

Marjie Bloy, "Edwin Chadwick (1800–1890) Archived 11 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine", The Victorian Web.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"The Role and Responsibilities of the Police" (PDF). Policy Studies Institute. p. xii. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
"Police". Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
politia Archived 24 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, on Perseus Digital Library
πολιτεία Archived 1 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
πόλις Archived 22 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
Andrew T. Harris, Policing the City: Crime and Legal Authority in London, 1780–1840 PDF. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2004, 6. ISBN 0-8142-0966-1
Marjie Bloy, "Edwin Chadwick (1800–1890) Archived 11 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine", The Victorian Web.
"PMMG". Policiamilitar.mg.gov.br. Archived from the original on 12 July 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
"Volunteer Programs enhancing Public safety by leveraging resources" (PDF). United States Department of Justice. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
formerly named SO19 "Metropolitan Police Service – Central Operations, Specialist Firearms unit (CO19)". Metropolitan Police Service. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
AsiaNews.it. "PAKISTAN Peshawar: noto giurista ucciso a colpi d'arma da fuoco". www.asianews.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
"Middle East | Saudi minister rebukes religious police". BBC News. 4 November 2002. Archived from the original on 22 February 2009. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
"Countries That Follow Sharia Law". WorldAtlas. 23 November 2018. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
"Secret police". Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
"Law Enforcement Statistics". Bureau of Justice Statistics. Archived from the original on 2 October 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
Sheptycki, James (2007). "High Policing in the Security Control Society". Policing. Vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 70–79. doi:10.1093/police/pam005. Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
"Two Arrested for Operating Illegal Overseas Police Station of the Chinese Government". US Department of Justice. 17 April 2023. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
Xiao, Bang (12 October 2022). "China establishing overseas police presence in Australia and around the world". ABC News. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
"Cops 'must shoot to kill'". 25 March 2010. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
"SA minister defends shoot-to-kill". BBC News. 12 November 2009. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
"Early Defibrillation". City of Rochester, Minnesota. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010.
"Finest of the Finest". Time Magazine. 18 February 1966. Archived from the original on 14 October 2008.
"Guide to the Orlando Winfield Wilson Papers, ca. 1928–1972". Online Archive of California. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 20 October 2006.
Kelling, George L.; Tony Pate; Duane Dieckman (1974). "The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment – A Summary Report" (PDF). Police Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2012.
Kelling, George L.; James Q. Wilson (March 1982). "Broken Windows". Atlantic Monthly. Archived from the original on 18 April 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020). "The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan". Europe-Asia Studies. 73: 178–199. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 229420067. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
Tilley, Nick (2003). "Problem-Oriented Policing, Intelligence-Led Policing and the National Intelligence Model". Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, University College London. Archived from the original on 20 August 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
"Intelligence-led policing: A Definition". Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Archived from the original on 15 May 2006. Retrieved 15 June 2007.
Sherman, Lawrence W. & Richard A. Berk (April 1984). "The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment" (PDF). Police Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2007. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
Chalfin, Aaron; McCrary, Justin (2013). The Effect of Police on Crime: New Evidence from U.S. Cities, 1960-2010 (Report). National Bureau of Economic Research. Archived from the original on 9 September 2025. Retrieved 19 October 2025.
Supreme Court of the United States, Terry v. Ohio (No. 67), Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Ohio. Retrieved 2010-05-12 from law.cornell.edu Archived 4 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
Amanda Reavy. "Police review board gets started". The State Journal-Register Online. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
Levin, Sam (6 June 2020). "What does 'defund the police' mean? The rallying cry sweeping the US – explained". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
See e.g. § 1 section 2 of the Police Act of North Rhine-Westphalia: "Police Act of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia". polizei-nrw.de (in German). Land Nordrhein-Westfalen. Archived from the original on 10 December 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
The United States Park Police Webpage, NPS.gov Archived 19 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
Whittaker, Jake. "UC Davis East Asian Studies". University of California, Davis. UCdavis.edu. Archived October 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
"ANE Today – Policemen in 1st millennium BC Babylonia". 19 February 2019. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
Conser, James A.; Russell, Gregory D.; Gingerich, Terry E.; Paynich, Rebecca (2005). Law Enforcement in the United States. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-0-7637-8352-5. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
Mark, Joshua J. (21 July 2017). "Police in Ancient Egypt". World History Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
Hunter, Virginia J. (1994). Policing Athens: Social Control in the Attic Lawsuits, 420–320 B.C. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-4008-0392-7. Archived from the original on 21 April 2007.
Tsolakidou, Stella (30 May 2013). "The Police in Ancient Greece". Greekreporter.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
Fuhrmann, Christopher (2011). "Policing the Roman Empire: Soldiers, Administration, and Public Order". Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737840.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-973784-0. Archived from the original on 4 December 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
"The Laws of the Ancient Persians". www.parstimes.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
"Police Laws". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
Dalgleish, David (April 2005). "Pre-Colonial Criminal Justice In West Africa: Eurocentric Thought Versus Africentric Evidence" (PDF). African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies. 1 (1). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
"Bicentenaire: theme expo4". prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
Bergsten, Magnus; Furuhagen, Björn (2 March 2002). "Ordning på stan Archived 14 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine". sv:Populär Historia (in Swedish). Retrieved 17 August 2015.
"Central Criminal Court". Archived 15 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Oldbaileyonline.org.
"Glasgow Police". Scotia-news.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
Dick Paterson, Origins of the Thames Police Archived 6 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Thames Police Museum. Retrieved 4 February 2007.
"Police: The formation of the English Police" Archived 21 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Britannica.com, 2007. Retrieved 6 February 2007.
Kathryn Costello. "Industrial Revolution". Nettlesworth.durham.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
"The National Archives | NDAD | Metropolitan Police". Ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 22 November 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
"Policing Profiles of Participating and Partner States". Polis. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
"A Brief Guide to Police History". Archived from the original on 8 September 2009.
Timothy Roufa. "The History of Modern Policing: How the Modern Police Force Evolved". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
"Metropolitan Police Service – History of the Metropolitan Police Service". Met.police.uk. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009.
Taylor, J. "The Victorian Police Rattle Mystery"/ Archived February 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine The Constabulary (2003)
The Committee Office, House of Commons. "House of Commons – HC 1456 Home Affairs Committee: Written evidence submitted by the National Black Police Association (NBPA)". publications.parliament.uk. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
"Just how practical is a traditional Bobby's helmet?". BBC. Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
Dan Zambonini (24 October 2009). "Joseph Hudson: Inventor of the Police and Referee Whistles". Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
"The History of Policing in Canada". wlu.ca. Wilfrid Laurier University. 13 August 2019. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
"Historical overview". Interior Security Forces (Lebanon). Archived from the original on 2 June 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2007.
"Police Service". Archived from the original on 9 August 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
"Why is the colour of the Indian police uniform khaki?". The Times of India. 3 March 2007. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
"How the U.S. Got Its Police Force". Time. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
Andy Alexis-Baker (2007). "The Gospel or a Glock? Mennonites and the Police". The Conrad Grebel Review. 25 (2). Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
"Department History". Philadelphia Police Department. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
"The history of the Park Police". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
"United States Mint Police". United States Mint. Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
"History of the Richmond Police Department". City of Richmond. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
"A Brief History of The B.P.D." City of Boston. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
"New York City Police Department". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
"Secret Service History". United States Secret Service. Archived from the original on 19 February 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
A Brief History of The B.P.D. Archived 2012-03-04 at the Wayback Machine City of Boston, Police Department (accessed 3 December 2009)
"Killer robots will not make San Francisco safer..." 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.

wikiwix.com (Global: 103^rd place; English: 872^nd place)

archive.wikiwix.com

"Lists & Structure of Governments". Census.gov. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2012.

wlu.ca (Global: low place; English: 8,093^rd place)

online.wlu.ca

"The History of Policing in Canada". wlu.ca. Wilfrid Laurier University. 13 August 2019. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2019.

worldatlas.com (Global: 2,266^th place; English: 2,297^th place)

"Countries That Follow Sharia Law". WorldAtlas. 23 November 2018. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2021.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Miller, Eric J. (27 May 2023). "The Concept of the Police". Criminal Law and Philosophy. 17 (3): 573–595. doi:10.1007/s11572-023-09682-8. ISSN 1871-9791.
"police". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
Beam, Christopher (17 June 2009). "Prints of Persia". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Wilson, Jason (15 June 2017). "The new horsemen: how American riot police embraced the bicycle". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
Slade, Gavin; Trochev, Alexei; Talgatova, Malika (2 December 2020). "The Limits of Authoritarian Modernisation: Zero Tolerance Policing in Kazakhstan". Europe-Asia Studies. 73: 178–199. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1844867. ISSN 0966-8136. S2CID 229420067. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
Wertz, Joseph; Azrael, Deborah; Berrigan, John; Barber, Catherine; Nelson, Eliot; Hemenway, David; Salhi, Carmel; Miller, Matthew (1 June 2020). "A Typology of Civilians Shot and Killed by US Police: a Latent Class Analysis of Firearm Legal Intervention Homicide in the 2014–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System". Journal of Urban Health. 97 (3): 317–328. doi:10.1007/s11524-020-00430-0. ISSN 1468-2869. PMC 7305287. PMID 32212060.
Benson, Bruce L.; Rasmussen, David W.; Sollars, David L. (April 1995). "Police bureaucracies, their incentives, and the war on drugs". Public Choice. 83 (1–2): 21–45. doi:10.1007/BF01047681. ISSN 0048-5829. S2CID 153414984.
Levin, Sam (6 June 2020). "What does 'defund the police' mean? The rallying cry sweeping the US – explained". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
Sharma, Anupam (2004). "Police in Ancient India". The Indian Journal of Political Science. 65 (1): 101–110. ISSN 0019-5510. JSTOR 41855800.
Dean, Trevor (11 September 2019). "Police forces in late medieval Italy: Bologna, 1340–1480". Social History. 44 (2): 151–172. doi:10.1080/03071022.2019.1579974. ISSN 0307-1022. S2CID 164456140 – via www.academia.edu.^{[dead link]}
Dobrin, Adam (July 2017). "Volunteer police: History, benefits, costs and current descriptions". Security Journal. 30 (3): 717–733. doi:10.1057/sj.2015.18. ISSN 0955-1662. S2CID 152660408.
Clarkson, Charles Tempest; Richardson, J. Hall (1889). Police!. Garland Pub. pp. 1–2. ISBN 9780824062163. OCLC 60726408. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Furuhagen, Björn (2009). "Från fjärdingsman till närpolis – en kortfattad svensk polishistoria". Växjö Studies in Policing (in Swedish). Växjö: Växjö Universitet. ISSN 1654-6776
Brodeur, Jean-Paul (1992). "High Policing and Low Policing: Remarks about the Policing of Political Activities". In Kevin R.E. McCormick; Livy A. Visano (eds.). Understanding Policing. Canadian Scholars' Press. pp. 284–285, 295. ISBN 978-1-55130-005-4. LCCN 93178368. OCLC 27072058. OL 1500609M.

worldhistory.org (Global: 2,330^th place; English: 1,976^th place)

Mark, Joshua J. (21 July 2017). "Police in Ancient Egypt". World History Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 3 May 2020.

Police (English Wikipedia)

abc.net.au (Global: 120th place; English: 70th place)

about.com (Global: 419th place; English: 335th place)

criminologycareers.about.com

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

andscape.com (Global: 6,599th place; English: 3,271st place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

asianews.it (Global: 6,427th place; English: 5,776th place)

asor.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

bja.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

bucksfreepress.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 5,915th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

dictionary.cambridge.org

cbsnews.com (Global: 136th place; English: 93rd place)

cdlib.org (Global: 2,017th place; English: 1,105th place)

content.cdlib.org

census.gov (Global: 18th place; English: 18th place)

cityofboston.gov (Global: low place; English: 8,991st place)

cliffsnotes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

constabulary.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cornell.edu (Global: 308th place; English: 253rd place)

law.cornell.edu

straylight.law.cornell.edu

crimereads.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

edinburghhighconstables.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

eff.org (Global: 4,491st place; English: 3,102nd place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82nd place; English: 41st place)

fox26houston.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ft.com (Global: 193rd place; English: 127th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

google.co.uk (Global: 1,519th place; English: 727th place)

scholar.google.co.uk

greekreporter.com (Global: 4,514th place; English: 3,349th place)

hofstra.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,622nd place)

scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu

indiatimes.com (Global: 31st place; English: 19th place)

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

interieur.gouv.fr (Global: 426th place; English: 2,561st place)

prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr

isf.gov.lb (Global: low place; English: low place)

jewishencyclopedia.com (Global: 1,262nd place; English: 931st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

justice.gov (Global: 884th place; English: 477th place)

legendsofamerica.com (Global: 7,500th place; English: 4,666th place)

legistar.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

sfgov.legistar.com

loc.gov (Global: 63rd place; English: 47th place)

lccn.loc.gov

medievalists.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425th place; English: 373rd place)

met.police.uk (Global: 9,411th place; English: 5,536th place)

naacp.org (Global: low place; English: 9,656th place)

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 718th place; English: 414th place)

ndad.nationalarchives.gov.uk

nber.org (Global: 3,811th place; English: 2,424th place)

ncwc.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

faculty.ncwc.edu

news.yahoo.com (Global: 183rd place; English: 212th place)

news24.com (Global: 1,057th place; English: 583rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

npr.org (Global: 114th place; English: 75th place)

nps.gov (Global: 79th place; English: 40th place)

nsw.gov.au (Global: 233rd place; English: 113th place)

police.nsw.gov.au

nydailynews.com (Global: 261st place; English: 147th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

query.nytimes.com

nytimes.com

oed.com (Global: 743rd place; English: 419th place)

ojp.gov (Global: 6,739th place; English: 3,639th place)

oldbaileyonline.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

openlibrary.org (Global: 185th place; English: 154th place)

abc.net.au (Global: 120^th place; English: 70^th place)

about.com (Global: 419^th place; English: 335^th place)

academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

andscape.com (Global: 6,599^th place; English: 3,271^st place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

asianews.it (Global: 6,427^th place; English: 5,776^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

bucksfreepress.co.uk (Global: low place; English: 5,915^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

cbsnews.com (Global: 136^th place; English: 93^rd place)

cdlib.org (Global: 2,017^th place; English: 1,105^th place)

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

cityofboston.gov (Global: low place; English: 8,991^st place)

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

eff.org (Global: 4,491^st place; English: 3,102^nd place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

google.co.uk (Global: 1,519^th place; English: 727^th place)

greekreporter.com (Global: 4,514^th place; English: 3,349^th place)

hofstra.edu (Global: low place; English: 7,622^nd place)

indiatimes.com (Global: 31^st place; English: 19^th place)

interieur.gouv.fr (Global: 426^th place; English: 2,561^st place)

jewishencyclopedia.com (Global: 1,262^nd place; English: 931^st place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

justice.gov (Global: 884^th place; English: 477^th place)

legendsofamerica.com (Global: 7,500^th place; English: 4,666^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

met.police.uk (Global: 9,411^th place; English: 5,536^th place)

naacp.org (Global: low place; English: 9,656^th place)

nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 718^th place; English: 414^th place)

nber.org (Global: 3,811^th place; English: 2,424^th place)

news.yahoo.com (Global: 183^rd place; English: 212^th place)

news24.com (Global: 1,057^th place; English: 583^rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

nps.gov (Global: 79^th place; English: 40^th place)

nsw.gov.au (Global: 233^rd place; English: 113^th place)

nydailynews.com (Global: 261^st place; English: 147^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

ojp.gov (Global: 6,739^th place; English: 3,639^th place)

openlibrary.org (Global: 185^th place; English: 154^th place)

osce.org (Global: 2,863^rd place; English: 2,793^rd place)

oxfordjournals.org (Global: 1,550^th place; English: 3,406^th place)

parliament.uk (Global: 313^th place; English: 181^st place)

princeton.edu (Global: 802^nd place; English: 528^th place)

rcmp-grc.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: 8,866^th place)

sch.uk (Global: 3,585^th place; English: 1,751^st place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

sj-r.com (Global: low place; English: 5,260^th place)

slate.com (Global: 409^th place; English: 260^th place)

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

ssrn.com (Global: 907^th place; English: 529^th place)

stuff.co.nz (Global: 387^th place; English: 194^th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 286^th place; English: 209^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 322^nd place; English: 198^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

thestar.com (Global: 395^th place; English: 213^th place)

thoughtco.com (Global: 2,170^th place; English: 1,937^th place)

time.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 63^rd place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

twitter.com (Global: 43^rd place; English: 43^rd place)

ucdavis.edu (Global: 2,336^th place; English: 1,492^nd place)

ucl.ac.uk (Global: 1,187^th place; English: 756^th place)

universitypressscholarship.com (Global: 8,662^nd place; English: 5,532^nd place)

usatoday.com (Global: 55^th place; English: 36^th place)

usmint.gov (Global: 5,667^th place; English: 3,885^th place)

uwaterloo.ca (Global: 3,649^th place; English: 2,434^th place)

victorianweb.org (Global: 4,804^th place; English: 3,285^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wikiwix.com (Global: 103^rd place; English: 872^nd place)

wlu.ca (Global: low place; English: 8,093^rd place)

worldatlas.com (Global: 2,266^th place; English: 2,297^th place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)