Political campaign (English Wikipedia)

Ansolabehere, Stephen; Iyengar, Shanto (2016-06-20). Going Negative. ISBN 978-0-684-83711-6. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-06-20. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)

ballotpedia.org (Global: 1,169^th place; English: 548^th place)

"Closing argument (political campaigns)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 2021-10-04.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Campbell, James E. (2008-01-14). The American Campaign, Second Edition: U.S. Presidential Campaigns and the National Vote. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-58544-628-5.
Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.; Evans, Andrew D.; Wheeler, William Bruce; Ruff, Julius (2014). Discovering the Western Past, Volume II: Since 1500. Cengage Learning. p. 336. ISBN 978-1-111-83717-4.
Price, Richard (1999). British Society 1680-1880: Dynamism, Containment and Change. Cambridge University Press. p. 289. ISBN 978-0-521-65701-3.
Burton, Michael; Miller, William J.; Shea, Daniel M. (2015-06-23). Campaign Craft: The Strategies, Tactics, and Art of Political Campaign Management, 5th Edition: The Strategies, Tactics, and Art of Political Campaign Management. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-4408-3733-3.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

journals.cambridge.org

Shaw, Daron R. (1999-05-01). "A Study of Presidential Campaign Event Effects from 1952 to 1992". The Journal of Politics. 61 (2): 387–422. doi:10.2307/2647509. ISSN 1468-2508. JSTOR 2647509. S2CID 154687906.^{[permanent dead link]}

cambridge.org

Darr, Joshua P.; Whyard, Sean (2024). "Storefront Campaigning". Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009443357. ISBN 978-1-009-44335-7.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

campaigninginfo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Myers, Elise (2020-09-11). "What is one effective strategy used by political campaigns?". Campaigning Info. Retrieved 2021-04-12.

campaigntv.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Campaign TV". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2020-05-08.

csusb.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Political Campaign Manager | Department of English | CSUSB". www.csusb.edu. Retrieved 2026-09-02.

cyber.harvard.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election | Berkman Klein Center". cyber.harvard.edu. 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2021-09-27.

denverpost.com (Global: 937^th place; English: 484^th place)

"Several candidates have filed to run for Denver mayor in 2019. Here's what they say". Denver Post. May 29, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.

developers.google.com (Global: 3,679^th place; English: 7,859^th place)

"Introduction to Structured Data - Search".

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Broockman, David E.; Kalla, Joshua L.; Caballero, Christian; Easton, Matthew (2024). "Political practitioners poorly predict which messages persuade the public". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (45) e2400076121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12100076B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2400076121. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 11551421. PMID 39467135.
Ellerman, David (2025-04-25). "Are Corporations the Problem?" (PDF). Teorija in Praksa (in Slovenian): 7–24. doi:10.51936/tip.62.1.7. ISSN 0040-3598.
Campaign Management : The Key Elements of a Campaign. Taylor & Francis. 2023-09-29. doi:10.4324/9781003166375-8. Archived from the original on 2024-07-10.
van Erkel, Patrick F. A.; Van Aelst, Peter; Thijssen, Peter (2020-04-01). "Does media attention lead to personal electoral success? Differences in long and short campaign media effects for top and ordinary political candidates". Acta Politica. 55 (2): 156–174. doi:10.1057/s41269-018-0109-x. hdl:10067/1539890151162165141. ISSN 1741-1416. S2CID 150155578.
Rinallo, Diego; Basuroy, Suman (2009). "Does Advertising Spending Influence Media Coverage of the Advertiser?". Journal of Marketing. 73 (6): 33–46. doi:10.1509/jmkg.73.6.33. ISSN 0022-2429. JSTOR 20619057. S2CID 27883769.
Schürmann, Lennart; Schmidt, Leonhard (2026-03-05). "Street mobilisation during election campaigns in multilevel systems: a supply–demand analysis". West European Politics. 0 (0). Routledge: 1–14. doi:10.1080/01402382.2026.2634027. hdl:1814/94900. ISSN 0140-2382.
Lagios, Nicolas; Méon, Pierre-Guillaume; Tojerow, Ilan (2025-07-01). "Media, Spillovers and Social Norms: The Electoral Impact of Anti-Far-Right Protests in the 2002 French Election". The Economic Journal. 135 (669): 1575–1608. doi:10.1093/ej/ueaf001. hdl:2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/394223. ISSN 0013-0133.
Enli, Sara Gunn; Skogerbø, Eli (2013). "Personalized campaigns in party-centred politics". Information, Communication & Society. 16 (5): 757. doi:10.1080/1369118x.2013.782330. S2CID 143140185.
Kalla, Joshua; Broockman, David E. (2018). "The Minimal Persuasive Effects of Campaign Contact in General Elections: Evidence from 49 Field Experiments". American Political Science Review. 112: 148–166. doi:10.1017/S0003055417000363.
Johann, David; Königslöw, Katharina Kleinen-von; Kritzinger, Sylvia; Thomas, Kathrin (2018-04-03). "Intra-Campaign Changes in Voting Preferences: The Impact of Media and Party Communication". Political Communication. 35 (2): 261–286. doi:10.1080/10584609.2017.1339222. ISSN 1058-4609. PMC 5894360. PMID 29695892.
Sides, John; Vavreck, Lynn; Warshaw, Christopher (2022). "The Effect of Television Advertising in United States Elections". American Political Science Review. 116 (2): 710. doi:10.1017/S000305542100112X. ISSN 0003-0554. S2CID 232333920.
Noel, Hans (2010). "Ten Things Political Scientists Know that You Don't". The Forum. 8 (3) 0000102202154088841393. doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1393. S2CID 145700304.
Bartels, Larry M.; Zaller, John (2001-03-01). "Presidential Vote Models: A Recount". PS: Political Science & Politics. 34 (1): 9–20. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.471.3300. doi:10.1017/S1049096501000026. ISSN 1537-5935. S2CID 154297918. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Hibbs, Douglas A. Jr. (2000-07-01). "Bread and Peace Voting in U.S. Presidential Elections". Public Choice. 104 (1–2): 149–180. doi:10.1023/A:1005292312412. ISSN 0048-5829. S2CID 11065014.
Enos, Ryan D.; Fowler, Anthony (2016-05-01). "Aggregate Effects of Large-Scale Campaigns on Voter Turnout". Political Science Research and Methods. FirstView (4): 733–751. doi:10.1017/psrm.2016.21. ISSN 2049-8489. S2CID 155467129.
Shaw, Daron R. (1999-05-01). "A Study of Presidential Campaign Event Effects from 1952 to 1992". The Journal of Politics. 61 (2): 387–422. doi:10.2307/2647509. ISSN 1468-2508. JSTOR 2647509. S2CID 154687906.^{[permanent dead link]}
Abramowitz, Alan I. (1978-01-01). "The Impact of a Presidential Debate on Voter Rationality". American Journal of Political Science. 22 (3): 680–690. doi:10.2307/2110467. JSTOR 2110467.
Weinschenk, Aaron C. (2015-09-01). "Polls and Elections: Campaign Field Offices and Voter Mobilization in 2012". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 45 (3): 573–580. doi:10.1111/psq.12213. ISSN 1741-5705.
Gerber, Alan S.; Green, Donald P. (2000-01-01). "The Effects of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail on Voter Turnout: A Field Experiment". The American Political Science Review. 94 (3): 653–663. doi:10.2307/2585837. JSTOR 2585837. S2CID 59034723.
Nickerson, David W. (2007-04-01). "Quality Is Job One: Professional and Volunteer Voter Mobilization Calls". American Journal of Political Science. 51 (2): 269–282. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00250.x. ISSN 1540-5907.
Green, Donald P.; Krasno, Jonathan S.; Coppock, Alexander; Farrer, Benjamin D.; Lenoir, Brandon; Zingher, Joshua N. (2016-03-01). "The effects of lawn signs on vote outcomes: Results from four randomized field experiments". Electoral Studies. 41: 143–150. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2015.12.002. S2CID 59042821.
Green, Donald P.; McGrath, Mary C.; Aronow, Peter M. (2013-02-01). "Field Experiments and the Study of Voter Turnout". Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 23 (1): 27–48. doi:10.1080/17457289.2012.728223. ISSN 1745-7289. S2CID 53376573.
Jacobson, Gary C. (2015-01-01). "How Do Campaigns Matter?". Annual Review of Political Science. 18 (1): 31–47. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-072012-113556.
Sinclair, Betsy; McConnell, Margaret; Michelson, Melissa R. (2013-01-01). "Local Canvassing: The Efficacy of Grassroots Voter Mobilization". Political Communication. 30 (1): 42–57. doi:10.1080/10584609.2012.737413. ISSN 1058-4609. S2CID 42874299.
Middleton, Joel A.; Green, Donald P. (March 2008). "Do community-based voter mobilization campaigns work even in battleground states? Evaluating the effectiveness of MoveOn's 2004 outreach campaign". Quarterly Journal of Political Science. 3 (1): 63–82. doi:10.1561/100.00007019. S2CID 52044755. SSRN 1316927.
Vincent, Pons (2018). "Will a Five-Minute Discussion Change Your Mind? Countrywide Experiment on Voter Choice in France". American Economic Review. 108 (6): 1322–1363. doi:10.1257/aer.20160524. ISSN 0002-8282.
Townsley, Joshua (3 October 2018). "Is it worth door-knocking? Evidence from a United Kingdom-based Get Out The Vote (GOTV) field experiment on the effect of party leaflets and canvass visits on voter turnout". Political Science Research and Methods. 13: 21–35. doi:10.1017/psrm.2018.39. ISSN 2049-8470.
Wood, Thomas (2016-09-01). "What The Heck Are We Doing in Ottumwa, Anyway? Presidential Candidate Visits and Their Political Consequence". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 667 (1): 110–125. doi:10.1177/0002716216661488. ISSN 0002-7162. S2CID 151905273.
Holbrook, Thomas M.; McClurg, Scott D. (2005-10-01). "The Mobilization of Core Supporters: Campaigns, Turnout, and Electoral Composition in United States Presidential Elections". American Journal of Political Science. 49 (4): 689–703. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00149.x. ISSN 1540-5907.
Heersink, Boris; Peterson, Brenton D. (2017). "Truman defeats Dewey: The effect of campaign visits on election outcomes". Electoral Studies. 49: 49–64. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2017.07.007.
Bednar, Steven (2017-07-28). "Campaigning and election outcomes in a presidential primary election". Applied Economics Letters. 25 (10): 713–717. doi:10.1080/13504851.2017.1360999. ISSN 1350-4851. S2CID 158086367.
Darr, Joshua P.; Levendusky, Matthew S. (2014-05-01). "Relying on the Ground Game The Placement and Effect of Campaign Field Offices". American Politics Research. 42 (3): 529–548. doi:10.1177/1532673X13500520. ISSN 1532-673X. S2CID 154664815.
Masket, Seth; Sides, John; Vavreck, Lynn (2015-07-27). "The Ground Game in the 2012 Presidential Election". Political Communication. 33 (2): 169–187. doi:10.1080/10584609.2015.1029657. ISSN 1058-4609. S2CID 146490882.
Darr, Joshua P.; Whyard, Sean (2024). "Storefront Campaigning". Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009443357. ISBN 978-1-009-44335-7.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
Schuster, Steven Sprick (2020-02-25). "Does Campaign Spending Affect Election Outcomes? New Evidence from Transaction-Level Disbursement Data". The Journal of Politics. 82 (4): 1502–1515. doi:10.1086/708646. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 214168948.
Coppock, Alexander; Hill, Seth J.; Vavreck, Lynn (2020-09-01). "The small effects of political advertising are small regardless of context, message, sender, or receiver: Evidence from 59 real-time randomized experiments". Science Advances. 6 (36) eabc4046. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.4046.. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc4046. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467695. PMID 32917601.
Broockman, David E.; Kalla, Joshua L. (2022). "When and Why Are Campaigns' Persuasive Effects Small? Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election". American Journal of Political Science. 67 (4): 833–849. doi:10.1111/ajps.12724. ISSN 0092-5853.
Dowling, Conor M.; Krupnikov, Yanna (2016-11-22). "The Effects of Negative Advertising". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.51. ISBN 978-0-19-022863-7.
Lau, Richard R.; Sigelman, Lee; Rovner, Ivy Brown (2007-11-01). "The Effects of Negative Political Campaigns: A Meta-Analytic Reassessment". Journal of Politics. 69 (4): 1176–1209. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00618.x. ISSN 1468-2508. S2CID 155001726.
Hager, Anselm (2019). "Do Online Ads Influence Vote Choice?". Political Communication. 36 (3): 376–393. doi:10.1080/10584609.2018.1548529. S2CID 149800615.
Owen, Diana (2017-08-24). Kenski, Kate; Jamieson, Kathleen Hall (eds.). "New Media and Political Campaigns". The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-979347-1. Retrieved 2020-12-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

dullardmush.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"10 Questions With Libertarian Party of Nevada Chairman Jim Duensing, Pt. 2".

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

Kalla, Joshua; Broockman, David E. (2018). "The Minimal Persuasive Effects of Campaign Contact in General Elections: Evidence from 49 Field Experiments". American Political Science Review. 112: 148–166. doi:10.1017/S0003055417000363.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Wynne, Robert. "The Real Difference Between PR And Advertising". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
Adgate, Brad. "The 2020 Elections Will Set (Another) Ad Spending Record". Forbes. Retrieved 2021-10-04.

gartner.com (Global: 7,063^rd place; English: 5,996^th place)

"Definition of Paid Media - Gartner Marketing Glossary". Gartner. Retrieved 2021-09-27.

gvsu.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

scholarworks.gvsu.edu

Bourdon, Jeffrey Normand. "Just Call Me Bill: William Taft Brings Spectacle Politics to the Midwest," Studies in Midwestern History, Vol.2, No.10, p.114 (Oct. 2016) (retrieved July 21, 2024); Blaine, James Gillespie, Eulogy on James Abram Garfield, p.41 (Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., Feb, 27, 1882) (retrieved July 21, 2024) ("Garfield spoke to large crowds as he journeyed to and from New York in August, [and] to a great multitude in that city").

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

van Erkel, Patrick F. A.; Van Aelst, Peter; Thijssen, Peter (2020-04-01). "Does media attention lead to personal electoral success? Differences in long and short campaign media effects for top and ordinary political candidates". Acta Politica. 55 (2): 156–174. doi:10.1057/s41269-018-0109-x. hdl:10067/1539890151162165141. ISSN 1741-1416. S2CID 150155578.
Schürmann, Lennart; Schmidt, Leonhard (2026-03-05). "Street mobilisation during election campaigns in multilevel systems: a supply–demand analysis". West European Politics. 0 (0). Routledge: 1–14. doi:10.1080/01402382.2026.2634027. hdl:1814/94900. ISSN 0140-2382.
Lagios, Nicolas; Méon, Pierre-Guillaume; Tojerow, Ilan (2025-07-01). "Media, Spillovers and Social Norms: The Electoral Impact of Anti-Far-Right Protests in the 2002 French Election". The Economic Journal. 135 (669): 1575–1608. doi:10.1093/ej/ueaf001. hdl:2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/394223. ISSN 0013-0133.

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212^th place; English: 141^st place)

Diane Tucker, Dawn Teo (3 November 2008). "Off The Bus: Obama Campaign Rewrites Fundraising Rules by Selling Merchandise". Huffington Post. Retrieved 20 May 2009.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Rinallo, Diego; Basuroy, Suman (2009). "Does Advertising Spending Influence Media Coverage of the Advertiser?". Journal of Marketing. 73 (6): 33–46. doi:10.1509/jmkg.73.6.33. ISSN 0022-2429. JSTOR 20619057. S2CID 27883769.
Shaw, Daron R. (1999-05-01). "A Study of Presidential Campaign Event Effects from 1952 to 1992". The Journal of Politics. 61 (2): 387–422. doi:10.2307/2647509. ISSN 1468-2508. JSTOR 2647509. S2CID 154687906.^{[permanent dead link]}
Abramowitz, Alan I. (1978-01-01). "The Impact of a Presidential Debate on Voter Rationality". American Journal of Political Science. 22 (3): 680–690. doi:10.2307/2110467. JSTOR 2110467.
Gerber, Alan S.; Green, Donald P. (2000-01-01). "The Effects of Canvassing, Telephone Calls, and Direct Mail on Voter Turnout: A Field Experiment". The American Political Science Review. 94 (3): 653–663. doi:10.2307/2585837. JSTOR 2585837. S2CID 59034723.

lehrmaninstitute.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Election of 1800". Lehrman Institute.

lpillinois.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Media" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-19. Retrieved 2015-04-02.

lppa.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Changing Focus/Priorities". Lppa.org. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
Changing Focus/Priorities Archived July 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine

madhyamam.com (Global: 8,904^th place; English: 8,437^th place)

ഡെസ്ക്, വെബ് (2020-11-18). "ആരും വോട്ടുചെയ്തുപോകും; ഡിജിറ്റൽ പ്ലാറ്റ്ഫോമുകളിൽ പ്രചാരണം കളർഫുൾ | Madhyamam". www.madhyamam.com. Retrieved 2021-02-23.

nbn-resolving.de (Global: 1,834^th place; English: 8,390^th place)

Hager, Anselm (2019). "Do Online Ads Influence Vote Choice?". Political Communication. 36 (3): 376–393. doi:10.1080/10584609.2018.1548529. S2CID 149800615.

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

Lyons, Daniel (2008-11-22). "President 2.0". Newsweek. Retrieved 2010-05-11. Obama harnessed the grass-roots power of the Web to get elected. How will he use that power now?

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Broockman, David E.; Kalla, Joshua L.; Caballero, Christian; Easton, Matthew (2024). "Political practitioners poorly predict which messages persuade the public". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (45) e2400076121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12100076B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2400076121. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 11551421. PMID 39467135.
Johann, David; Königslöw, Katharina Kleinen-von; Kritzinger, Sylvia; Thomas, Kathrin (2018-04-03). "Intra-Campaign Changes in Voting Preferences: The Impact of Media and Party Communication". Political Communication. 35 (2): 261–286. doi:10.1080/10584609.2017.1339222. ISSN 1058-4609. PMC 5894360. PMID 29695892.
Coppock, Alexander; Hill, Seth J.; Vavreck, Lynn (2020-09-01). "The small effects of political advertising are small regardless of context, message, sender, or receiver: Evidence from 59 real-time randomized experiments". Science Advances. 6 (36) eabc4046. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.4046.. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc4046. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467695. PMID 32917601.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Broockman, David E.; Kalla, Joshua L.; Caballero, Christian; Easton, Matthew (2024). "Political practitioners poorly predict which messages persuade the public". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (45) e2400076121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12100076B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2400076121. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 11551421. PMID 39467135.
Johann, David; Königslöw, Katharina Kleinen-von; Kritzinger, Sylvia; Thomas, Kathrin (2018-04-03). "Intra-Campaign Changes in Voting Preferences: The Impact of Media and Party Communication". Political Communication. 35 (2): 261–286. doi:10.1080/10584609.2017.1339222. ISSN 1058-4609. PMC 5894360. PMID 29695892.
Coppock, Alexander; Hill, Seth J.; Vavreck, Lynn (2020-09-01). "The small effects of political advertising are small regardless of context, message, sender, or receiver: Evidence from 59 real-time randomized experiments". Science Advances. 6 (36) eabc4046. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.4046.. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc4046. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467695. PMID 32917601.

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

Gringlas, Sam (2020-10-27). "Biden And Trump Campaigns Stress Closing Themes In New TV Ads". NPR. Retrieved 2021-10-04.

oklahomawatch.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Ramsey, Keaton Ross, Jake (2024-06-17). "Outside Spending Soars Ahead of Primary Election". Oklahoma Watch. Retrieved 2026-06-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

osf.io (Global: 8,809^th place; English: 5,705^th place)

Broockman, David E.; Kalla, Joshua L. (2022). "When and Why Are Campaigns' Persuasive Effects Small? Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election". American Journal of Political Science. 67 (4): 833–849. doi:10.1111/ajps.12724. ISSN 0092-5853.

oup.com (Global: 292^nd place; English: 233^rd place)

global.oup.com

The Obama Victory. Oxford University Press. 26 August 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-539955-4. Retrieved 2016-04-23. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

oxfordhandbooks.com (Global: 7,686^th place; English: 4,963^rd place)

Owen, Diana (2017-08-24). Kenski, Kate; Jamieson, Kathleen Hall (eds.). "New Media and Political Campaigns". The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-979347-1. Retrieved 2020-12-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

oxfordre.com (Global: 3,785^th place; English: 2,343^rd place)

Dowling, Conor M.; Krupnikov, Yanna (2016-11-22). "The Effects of Negative Advertising". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.51. ISBN 978-0-19-022863-7.

princeton.edu (Global: 802^nd place; English: 528^th place)

press.princeton.edu

Vavreck, Lynn (26 July 2009). Vavreck, L.: The Message Matters: The Economy and Presidential Campaigns. (eBook and Paperback). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13963-0. Retrieved 2016-04-23. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
Sides, John; Vavreck, Lynn (7 September 2014). Sides, J. and Vavreck, L.: The Gamble: Choice and Chance in the 2012 Presidential Election. (Updated Edition) (eBook and Paperback). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16363-5. Retrieved 2016-04-23. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Bartels, Larry M.; Zaller, John (2001-03-01). "Presidential Vote Models: A Recount". PS: Political Science & Politics. 34 (1): 9–20. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.471.3300. doi:10.1017/S1049096501000026. ISSN 1537-5935. S2CID 154297918. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Don, Stacks (June 2009). "Exploring the Comparative Communications Effectiveness of Advertising and Public Relations: A Replication and Extension of Prior Experiments".

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

van Erkel, Patrick F. A.; Van Aelst, Peter; Thijssen, Peter (2020-04-01). "Does media attention lead to personal electoral success? Differences in long and short campaign media effects for top and ordinary political candidates". Acta Politica. 55 (2): 156–174. doi:10.1057/s41269-018-0109-x. hdl:10067/1539890151162165141. ISSN 1741-1416. S2CID 150155578.
Rinallo, Diego; Basuroy, Suman (2009). "Does Advertising Spending Influence Media Coverage of the Advertiser?". Journal of Marketing. 73 (6): 33–46. doi:10.1509/jmkg.73.6.33. ISSN 0022-2429. JSTOR 20619057. S2CID 27883769.
Enli, Sara Gunn; Skogerbø, Eli (2013). "Personalized campaigns in party-centred politics". Information, Communication & Society. 16 (5): 757. doi:10.1080/1369118x.2013.782330. S2CID 143140185.
Sides, John; Vavreck, Lynn; Warshaw, Christopher (2022). "The Effect of Television Advertising in United States Elections". American Political Science Review. 116 (2): 710. doi:10.1017/S000305542100112X. ISSN 0003-0554. S2CID 232333920.
Noel, Hans (2010). "Ten Things Political Scientists Know that You Don't". The Forum. 8 (3) 0000102202154088841393. doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1393. S2CID 145700304.
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Bartels, Larry M.; Zaller, John (2001-03-01). "Presidential Vote Models: A Recount". PS: Political Science & Politics. 34 (1): 9–20. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.471.3300. doi:10.1017/S1049096501000026. ISSN 1537-5935. S2CID 154297918. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
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Shaw, Daron R. (1999-05-01). "A Study of Presidential Campaign Event Effects from 1952 to 1992". The Journal of Politics. 61 (2): 387–422. doi:10.2307/2647509. ISSN 1468-2508. JSTOR 2647509. S2CID 154687906.^{[permanent dead link]}
Weinschenk, Aaron C. (2015-09-01). "Polls and Elections: Campaign Field Offices and Voter Mobilization in 2012". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 45 (3): 573–580. doi:10.1111/psq.12213. ISSN 1741-5705.
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Green, Donald P.; McGrath, Mary C.; Aronow, Peter M. (2013-02-01). "Field Experiments and the Study of Voter Turnout". Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties. 23 (1): 27–48. doi:10.1080/17457289.2012.728223. ISSN 1745-7289. S2CID 53376573.
Sinclair, Betsy; McConnell, Margaret; Michelson, Melissa R. (2013-01-01). "Local Canvassing: The Efficacy of Grassroots Voter Mobilization". Political Communication. 30 (1): 42–57. doi:10.1080/10584609.2012.737413. ISSN 1058-4609. S2CID 42874299.
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Townsley, Joshua (3 October 2018). "Is it worth door-knocking? Evidence from a United Kingdom-based Get Out The Vote (GOTV) field experiment on the effect of party leaflets and canvass visits on voter turnout". Political Science Research and Methods. 13: 21–35. doi:10.1017/psrm.2018.39. ISSN 2049-8470.
Wood, Thomas (2016-09-01). "What The Heck Are We Doing in Ottumwa, Anyway? Presidential Candidate Visits and Their Political Consequence". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 667 (1): 110–125. doi:10.1177/0002716216661488. ISSN 0002-7162. S2CID 151905273.
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Darr, Joshua P.; Levendusky, Matthew S. (2014-05-01). "Relying on the Ground Game The Placement and Effect of Campaign Field Offices". American Politics Research. 42 (3): 529–548. doi:10.1177/1532673X13500520. ISSN 1532-673X. S2CID 154664815.
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Schuster, Steven Sprick (2020-02-25). "Does Campaign Spending Affect Election Outcomes? New Evidence from Transaction-Level Disbursement Data". The Journal of Politics. 82 (4): 1502–1515. doi:10.1086/708646. ISSN 0022-3816. S2CID 214168948.
Coppock, Alexander; Hill, Seth J.; Vavreck, Lynn (2020-09-01). "The small effects of political advertising are small regardless of context, message, sender, or receiver: Evidence from 59 real-time randomized experiments". Science Advances. 6 (36) eabc4046. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.4046.. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc4046. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467695. PMID 32917601.
Broockman, David E.; Kalla, Joshua L. (2022). "When and Why Are Campaigns' Persuasive Effects Small? Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election". American Journal of Political Science. 67 (4): 833–849. doi:10.1111/ajps.12724. ISSN 0092-5853.
Lau, Richard R.; Sigelman, Lee; Rovner, Ivy Brown (2007-11-01). "The Effects of Negative Political Campaigns: A Meta-Analytic Reassessment". Journal of Politics. 69 (4): 1176–1209. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00618.x. ISSN 1468-2508. S2CID 155001726.
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