Polygraph (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Polygraph" in English language version.

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34web.archive.org

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abc13.com

"Chris Watts: Wife killed our girls, so I strangled her". Houston: KTRK-TV. August 20, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2019.

afda.org

"United States of America versus William Galbreth" (PDF). 1995-03-09. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-27. Retrieved 2008-02-24.

antipolygraph.org

"Federal Psychophysiological Detection of Deception Examiner Handbook" (PDF). Antipolygraph.org. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
Iacono, William G. (2001). "Forensic 'Lie Detection': Procedures Without Scientific Basis". Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice. 1 (1): 75–86. doi:10.1300/J158v01n01_05. S2CID 143077241.
"Lie Detector Charts Emotional Effects of Shaving – 1938 Gillette Advertisement" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2007-01-10.
FBI File of William Moulton Marston Archived 2007-06-21 at the Wayback Machine(including report on Gillette advertising campaign)
For critical commentary on this episode, see Maschke, George (December 7, 2007). "Mythbusters Beat the Lie Detector Episode featuring Michael Martin". AntiPolygraph.org.

apa.org

"The Truth About Lie Detectors (aka Polygraph Tests)". American Psychological Association. 2004. Archived from the original on March 5, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
"The Truth About Lie Detectors (aka Polygraph Tests)". apa.org. American Psychological Association.
"Monitor on Psychology – The polygraph in doubt". American Psychological Association. July 2004. Retrieved 2008-02-29.

archive.today

"United States v. Scheffer: A U.S. Supreme Court Ruling on Polygraph Testing". Federation of American Scientists. March 31, 1998. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.
Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences and Education (BCSSE) and Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) (March 19, 2013). The Polygraph and Lie Detection. National Research Council. doi:10.17226/10420. ISBN 978-0-309-26392-4. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
LaMotte, Sandee (September 7, 2018). "The shaky science of lie detectors". CNN. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
Tavel, Morton E. (January 2016). "The 'Lie Detector' Test Revisited: A Great Example of Junk Science". Skeptical Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 13, 2025. Retrieved May 12, 2025.
Stein, Jeff. "NSA lie detectors no sweat, video says". The Washington Post. June 14, 2010. Retrieved on July 5, 2013.

arstechnica.com

"Coach who taught people how to beat lie detectors headed to prison". Ars Technica. 2013-09-09.

bbc.co.uk

Evans, Gareth (October 4, 2018). "How credible are lie detector tests?". BBC News. "If the examiner is well-trained, if the test is properly carried out, and if there's proper quality controls, the accuracy is estimated between 80%-90%".

news.bbc.co.uk

"A scanner to detect terrorists". BBC News. July 16, 2009.

bbc.com

"How widely are lie detectors used in the UK?". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 29 June 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2020.

books.google.com

Meijer, Ewout H; van Koppen, Peter J (2017). "Chapter 3. Lie Detectors and the Law: The Use of the Polygraph in Europe". In Canter, David; Žukauskiene, Rita (eds.). Psychology and Law : Bridging the Gap. Routledge. ISBN 978-1351907873.
Segrave, Kerry (November 18, 2014). Lie Detectors: A Social History. McFarland. ISBN 9780786481613 – via Google Books.

britannica.com

corporate.britannica.com

"Encyclopædia Britannica's Great Inventions". Encyclopædia Britannica Almanac 2003, via Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on May 19, 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2014.

cbsnews.com

"BTK: Out Of The Shadows". 48 Hours Mysteries. October 1, 2005. CBS News.

cnn.com

LaMotte, Sandee (September 7, 2018). "The shaky science of lie detectors". CNN. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.

cornell.edu

law.cornell.edu

"lie detector test". Legal Information Institute. June 2020. Archived from the original on March 5, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
"United States v. Scheffer". Cornell Law School. March 31, 1998. Retrieved May 12, 2025.
"Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, 509 U.S. 579 (1993)". Cornell University.
"United States v. Scheffer, 523 U.S. 303 (1998)". Cornell University.

csicop.org

Randi, James (2017). "A Consistently Erroneous Technology". Skeptical Inquirer. 41 (5): 16–19. Archived from the original on 2018-07-28. Retrieved 28 July 2018.

dailypress.com

"Ames: Separated Spy, Agent Lives". tribunedigital-dailypress. 29 April 1994. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2012-06-01.

doi.org

Saxe, Leonard (July 1991). "Science and the CQT polygraph". Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science. 26 (3): 223–231. doi:10.1007/BF02912514. PMID 1954162.
Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences and Education (BCSSE) and Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) (March 19, 2013). The Polygraph and Lie Detection. National Research Council. doi:10.17226/10420. ISBN 978-0-309-26392-4. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
J P Rosenfeld (1995). "Alternative Views of Bashore and Rapp's (1993) alternatives to traditional polygraphy: a critique". Psychological Bulletin. 117: 159–166. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.159.
Lewis, J. A.; Cuppari, M. (2009). "The polygraph: The truth lies within". Journal of Psychiatry and Law. 37 (1): 85–92. doi:10.1177/009318530903700107. S2CID 152221286.
The Polygraph and Lie Detection. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2003. pp. 253–254. doi:10.17226/10420. ISBN 978-0-309-13313-5.
"Appendix A: Polygraph Questioning Techniques". The Polygraph and Lie Detection. The National Academies Press. 2003. pp. 253–258. doi:10.17226/10420. ISBN 978-0-309-13313-5.
Iacono, W. G. (2008). "Effective policing: Understanding how polygraph tests work and are used". Criminal Justice and Behavior. 35 (10): 1295–1308. doi:10.1177/0093854808321529. S2CID 143302792.
Iacono, William G. (2001). "Forensic 'Lie Detection': Procedures Without Scientific Basis". Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice. 1 (1): 75–86. doi:10.1300/J158v01n01_05. S2CID 143077241.
Saldžiūnas, Vitas; Kovalenko, Aleksandras (2015). "Selecting the Most Optimal Conditions for the Polygraph Examination" (PDF). European Polygraph. 9 (2 (32)): 70. doi:10.1515/ep-2015-0003. S2CID 148000927.
Bell, B. G.; Grubin, D. (2010). "Functional magnetic resonance imaging may promote theoretical understanding of the polygraph test". Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology. 21 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/14789940903220676. S2CID 144428132.
Langleben, DD; Schroeder, L; Maldjian, JA; Gur, RC; McDonald, S; Ragland, JD; O'Brien, CP; Childress, AR (2002). "Brain activity during simulated deception: an event-related functional magnetic resonance study". NeuroImage. 15 (3): 727–732. doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.1003. PMID 11848716. S2CID 14676750.
Verschuere, B.; Crombez, G.; Degrootte, T.; Rosseel, Y. (2010). "Detecting concealed information with reaction times: Validity and comparison with the polygraph". Applied Cognitive Psychology. 24 (7): 991–1002. doi:10.1002/acp.1601.
Grubin, D.; Madsen, L. (2005). "Lie detection and the polygraph: A historical review". Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology. 16 (2): 357–369. doi:10.1080/14789940412331337353. S2CID 144898901.
Marston, William M (1917). "Systolic Blood Pressure Changes in Deception". Journal of Experimental Psychology. 2 (2): 117–163. doi:10.1037/h0073583.

dol.gov

"Compliance Assistance By Law – The Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA)". dol.gov. Archived from the original on 2005-09-23.

fas.org

"Scientific Validity of Polygraph Testing: A Research Review and Evaluation". Washington, DC: U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment. 1983. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
Office of Technology Assessment (November 1983). "Scientific Validity of Polygraph Testing: A Research Review and Evaluation".
"An Assessment of the Aldrich H. Ames Espionage Case and Its Implications for U.S. Intelligence – Senate Select Committee on Intelligence – 01 November 1994 – Part One". fas.org.
Ames provides personal insight into the U.S. Government's reliance on polygraphy in a 2000 letter to Steven Aftergood of the Federation of American Scientists at Ames, Aldrich (November 28, 2000). "A Letter from Aldrich Ames on Polygraph Testing". Federation of American Scientists.

sgp.fas.org

"United States v. Scheffer: A U.S. Supreme Court Ruling on Polygraph Testing". Federation of American Scientists. March 31, 1998. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.

ota.fas.org

"Scientific Validity of Polygraph Testing: A Research Review and Evaluation – A Technical Memorandum" (PDF). (Washington, DC: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (OTA-TM-H-15). November 1983. Retrieved 3 September 2016.

foxnews.com

Hess, Pamela, "Pentagon's Intelligence Arm Steps Up Lie-Detector Efforts", Arizona Daily Star, August 24, 2008. Also in Fox News via AP [1]

go.com

abcnews.go.com

Robinson, Bryan (July 14, 2001). "Polygraphs Accurate But Not Foolproof". ABC News. Archived from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
Ross, Brian & Richard Esposito (October 6, 2005). "Investigation Continues: Security Breach at the White House". ABC News. Officials say Aragoncillo passed several lie detector tests that are routinely given to individuals with top secret clearances.

gov.on.ca

labour.gov.on.ca

"Lie Detector Tests". Ontario Ministry of Labour.

gpo.gov

IV Personnel Security: Protection Through Detection Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine quoting Ralph M. Carney, SSBI Source Yield: An Examination of Sources Contacted During the SSBI (Monterey: Defense Personnel Security Research Center, 1996), 6, affirming that in 81% of cases, the derogatory informations were obtained through questionnaire and/or interrogation.

haifa.ac.il

digitool.haifa.ac.il

Don Sosunov (October 14, 2010). "The Admissibility of Polygraph Evidence in Criminal Courts". Haifa University. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved November 1, 2012.

hanford.gov

"Dept. of Energy, Office of Counterintelligence". Harold James Nicholson Dossier. Archived from the original on 2008-09-21. Retrieved 2009-06-01.

hindustantimes.com

Bose, Joydeep (March 17, 2021). "Polygraph test can only be conducted with consent of the accused: Karnataka HC". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on March 17, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.

huji.ac.il

websites.mscc.huji.ac.il

For more info on the Guilty Knowledge Test, see The Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) as an Application of Psychophysiology: Future Prospects and Obstacles Archived 2008-05-28 at the Wayback Machine

ijlmh.com

Mittal, Akshat; Mishra, Aakarsh (2021). "Right against Self-Incrimination: A Detailed Study & Analysis of Laws Prevailing in India". International Journal of Law Management and Humanities. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

impac-systems.com

"IMPAC: F. Lee Bailey bio". Archived from the original on October 24, 2008.

independent.co.uk

Barr, Sabrina (June 25, 2019). "Jeremy Kyle producer unable to say how accurate lie detector tests were". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 26, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2022.

indiatimes.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Mahapatra, Dhananjay (May 5, 2010). "No narcoanalysis test without consent, says SC". The Times of India. Retrieved 2010-05-05.

inquirer.net

newsinfo.inquirer.net

Mayol, Ador Vincent; Bongcac, Doris C.; Pateña, Patricia Andrea (20 January 2012). "Polygraph tests start for Ballesteros, center staff". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 9 September 2023.

jstor.org

Gaudet, Lyn M (2011). "Brain Fingerprinting, Scientific Evidence, and "Daubert": A Cautionary Lesson from India". Jurimetrics: The Journal of Law, Science & Technology. 51 (3): 293–318. JSTOR 41307131.

judiciary.gov.ph

elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph

"G.R. Nos. 116196-97: Philippines vs. Pablo Adoviso". Supreme Court E-Library. Supreme Court of the Philippines. Retrieved 9 September 2023.

justia.com

law.justia.com

"2013 Maryland Code :: Labor and Employment :: § 3-702 – Lie detector tests". Justia Law. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

justice.gov

""Owner of 'Polygraph.com' Indicted for Allegedly Training Customers to Lie During Federally Administered Polygraph Examinations". Department of Justice, November 14, 2014. Accessed March 19, 2018.

ka.edu.pl

repozytorium.ka.edu.pl

Saldžiūnas, Vitas; Kovalenko, Aleksandras (2008). "The Event Knowledge Test (EKT)" (PDF). European Polygraph. 1 (3): 21.

kpbs.org

Robinson, Jennifer (December 20, 2022). "American Experience: The Lie Detector". KPBS. Archived from the original on January 2, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.

legeartis.org

czasopismo.legeartis.org

"SN: tylko bez wariografu w przesłuchaniu I KZP 25/14". Czasopismo Lege Artis (in Polish). 2015-01-30. Retrieved 2021-07-09.

lie2me.net

"Leonarde Keeler and his Instruments". lie2me.net.

loyola.edu

"The Adrich H. Ames Case: An Assessment of CIA's Role, Oct. 21, 1994 Memorandum for Heads of Agency Offices from Director of Central Intelligence". Archived from the original on July 5, 2009.

malegislature.gov

"General Law – Part I, Title XXI, Chapter 149, Section 19B". malegislature.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-03.

mcclatchydc.com

Taylor, Marisa and Cleve R. Wootson Jr. "Seeing threats, feds target instructors of polygraph-beating methods". McClatchy Newspapers. August 16, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
"Washington: Americans' personal data shared with CIA, IRS, others in security probe". McClatchy DC.
"Glitch in widely used polygraph can skew results". McClatchy DC. Archived from the original on 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
"McClatchy – The Polygraph Files". mcclatchydc.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
"The IG complaint of Mark Phillips concerning the NRO". McClatchy DC.
Taylor, Marisa, "Sen. Charles Grassley Seeks Probe Of Polygraph Techniques At National Reconnaissance Office", The McClatchy Company, 27 July 2012

motherjones.com

"Lie Detector Roulette". Mother Jones.

mu.edu

mcadams.posc.mu.edu

"Testimony of Richard Helms, Former Director of Central Intelligence, Former Ambassador to Iran, and Presently a Business Consultant in Washington, D.C., and Represented by Gregory B. Craig, of Williams & Connelly". mcadams.posc.mu.edu. 2001-01-29. Archived from the original on July 1, 2002. Retrieved 2015-04-19.

nap.edu

The Polygraph and Lie Detection. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 2003. pp. 253–254. doi:10.17226/10420. ISBN 978-0-309-13313-5.
"Appendix A: Polygraph Questioning Techniques". The Polygraph and Lie Detection. The National Academies Press. 2003. pp. 253–258. doi:10.17226/10420. ISBN 978-0-309-13313-5.
National Research Council (2003); Pages 4 - 5
"Conclusions and Recommendations". The Polygraph and Lie Detection (2003), National Academies Press. p. 212
National Research Council (2013); Chapter 8: Conclusions and Recommendations, p. 212)

books.nap.edu

National Research Council (2013); Page 292

nationalacademies.org

nap.nationalacademies.org

Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences and Education (BCSSE) and Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) (March 19, 2013). The Polygraph and Lie Detection. National Research Council. doi:10.17226/10420. ISBN 978-0-309-26392-4. Archived from the original on November 11, 2023. Retrieved November 11, 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

nbcnews.com

Dedman, Bill (April 9, 2008). "New anti-terror weapon: Hand-held lie detector". NBC News. Retrieved May 12, 2025.

nettrace.com.au

Van Aperen, Steven (February 29, 2000). "The polygraph as an investigative tool in criminal and private investigations". Net-Trace.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Saxe, Leonard (July 1991). "Science and the CQT polygraph". Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science. 26 (3): 223–231. doi:10.1007/BF02912514. PMID 1954162.
Langleben, DD; Schroeder, L; Maldjian, JA; Gur, RC; McDonald, S; Ragland, JD; O'Brien, CP; Childress, AR (2002). "Brain activity during simulated deception: an event-related functional magnetic resonance study". NeuroImage. 15 (3): 727–732. doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.1003. PMID 11848716. S2CID 14676750.

nitv1.com

"History of CVSA". nitv1.com. Archived from the original on 2007-12-03.

nmsu.edu

swrtc.nmsu.edu

"New Mexico Rules of Evidence" (PDF). New Mexico State University, Southwest Regional Training Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2019.

nsw.gov.au

legislation.nsw.gov.au

"Lie Detectors Act 1983 (NSW)". Legislation.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2018-10-02.

nytimes.com

Giridharadas, Anand (September 14, 2008). "India's Novel Use of Brain Scans in Courts is Debated". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
Ronald Kessler (March 8, 1994). "Spies, Lies, Averted Eyes". The New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

ontario.ca

Employment Standards Act, 2000, S.O. 2000, c. 41, Part XVI (Employment Standards Act, 2000 at Ontario e-Laws)

peacecorpsonline.org

"RPCV and CIA defector Edward Howard dies in Moscow". Peace Corps Online. 2002-07-22.

philstar.com

Patag, Kristine Joy (27 May 2018). "How forensic science is making a breakthrough in the Philippines". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 9 September 2023.

polygraph.pl

Saldžiūnas, Vitas; Kovalenko, Aleksandras (2015). "Selecting the Most Optimal Conditions for the Polygraph Examination" (PDF). European Polygraph. 9 (2 (32)): 70. doi:10.1515/ep-2015-0003. S2CID 148000927.

popmatters.com

O'Dell, Cary (November 12, 2013). "The Tested Truth About 'Maury Povich'". Pop Matters. Retrieved 9 December 2014.

rcmp-grc.gc.ca

"Pre-Employment Polygraph". Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 2016-05-10. Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2018-04-17.

realcities.com

Bachelet, Pablo (October 13, 2006). "Book outlines how spy exposed U.S. intelligence secrets to Cuba". McClatchy Washington Bureau. She first came under U.S. suspicion in 1994, when Cuba detected a highly secret electronic surveillance system. Montes took a polygraph test and passed it.

reason.com

"William Marston's Secret Identity". Reason magazine. May 2001.

salon.com

McCarthy, Susan. "The truth about the polygraph." Salon. March 2, 2000. Retrieved on July 5, 2013.

seattletimes.com

Taylor, Marisa. "Indiana man gets 8 months for lie-detector fraud". The Seattle Times. McClatchy Newspapers. September 6, 2013. Retrieved on September 8, 2013.
"Indiana man gets 8 months for lie-detector fraud". The Seattle Times.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lewis, J. A.; Cuppari, M. (2009). "The polygraph: The truth lies within". Journal of Psychiatry and Law. 37 (1): 85–92. doi:10.1177/009318530903700107. S2CID 152221286.
Iacono, W. G. (2008). "Effective policing: Understanding how polygraph tests work and are used". Criminal Justice and Behavior. 35 (10): 1295–1308. doi:10.1177/0093854808321529. S2CID 143302792.
Iacono, William G. (2001). "Forensic 'Lie Detection': Procedures Without Scientific Basis". Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice. 1 (1): 75–86. doi:10.1300/J158v01n01_05. S2CID 143077241.
Saldžiūnas, Vitas; Kovalenko, Aleksandras (2015). "Selecting the Most Optimal Conditions for the Polygraph Examination" (PDF). European Polygraph. 9 (2 (32)): 70. doi:10.1515/ep-2015-0003. S2CID 148000927.
Bell, B. G.; Grubin, D. (2010). "Functional magnetic resonance imaging may promote theoretical understanding of the polygraph test". Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology. 21 (1): 52–65. doi:10.1080/14789940903220676. S2CID 144428132.
Langleben, DD; Schroeder, L; Maldjian, JA; Gur, RC; McDonald, S; Ragland, JD; O'Brien, CP; Childress, AR (2002). "Brain activity during simulated deception: an event-related functional magnetic resonance study". NeuroImage. 15 (3): 727–732. doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.1003. PMID 11848716. S2CID 14676750.
Grubin, D.; Madsen, L. (2005). "Lie detection and the polygraph: A historical review". Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology. 16 (2): 357–369. doi:10.1080/14789940412331337353. S2CID 144898901.

skepticalinquirer.org

Tavel, Morton E. (January 2016). "The 'Lie Detector' Test Revisited: A Great Example of Junk Science". Skeptical Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 13, 2025. Retrieved May 12, 2025.
Grossman, Wendy (25 August 2020). "Letter to America: The Black Box that Wouldn't Die". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 28 August 2020.

skeptoid.com

Dunning, Brian. "Skeptoid #422: Lie Detection". Skeptoid. Retrieved 3 September 2016.

sns.am

"How to become an employee of the NSS". www.sns.am. Retrieved 2023-02-15.

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