Polyphony and monophony in instruments (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Polyphony and monophony in instruments" in English language version.

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attackmagazine.com

audiofanzine.com

en.audiofanzine.com

  • "Polyphony, Paraphony and Multitimbrality". 2015-01-08.

books.google.com

donlewismusic.com

  • Vail, Mark. "LEO, the Live Electronic Orchestra - Pre-MIDI Multitimbral Synth System". Vintage Gear. Keyboard. Description: Custom-built modular synthesizer system consisting of a three-manual controller with a pedalboard, ... Produced: Schematics completed December 20, 1974, assembly began in '75, and system finished in May '77. ... Manufacture: Don Lewis. Pre-MIDI 4-channel polyphonic keyboard designed by Armand Pascetta. Richard Bates served as chief engineer; ... The "Pascetta parts" of LEO — four Oberheim SEMs and two ARP 2600s controlled by Armand Pascetta's custom-designed keyboard ...

ebscohost.com

connection.ebscohost.com

  • "The Armand Pascetta Keyboard". Keyboard. Vol. 32, no. 5. May 2006. p. 68.
    abstract: "Features Armand Pascetta, a technician who developed the first polyphonic keyboard in the U.S. Reason behind the development of a content-addressable memory; List of clients of Pascetta, including synthesist Malcolm Cecil; Views of musician Don Lewis on playing the Pascetta keyboard again during a benefit concert." (quoted from "EBSCO Publishing". Archived from the original on 2017-04-27.)

experimentaltvcenter.org

novachord.com

redbullmusicacademy.com

  • "Tom Oberheim". Barcelona 2008 (interview). Red Bull Music Academy. Archived from the original on 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2017-04-27. ... I'm not the kind of circuit design expert that Bob Moog was. ... When I did Oberheim, I didn't consider myself a great circuit guy, so I had help. In one case part of the Oberheim module was designed by an engineer at ARP, and another was designed by an engineer at E-mu, by the guy who started E-mu ...", "Oberheim Four-Voice polyphonic synthesizer. ... in January 1975, I got the idea to put four or eight of these [little synthesizer] modules together with just a simple digital keyboard and have the first polyphonic synthesizer. And so I designed this module, it was already in existence when I made this decision, so it took me about six weeks to design this machine. ... a few months later showed it at the NAMM show, and the Oberheim synthesizer world was born.
  • "Dave Smith". Tokyo 2014 (interview). Red Bull Music Academy. There were two parts that led to the development of the Prophet-5. One was I already had a background in microprocessors, so I knew how they worked. In my day job, I was using microprocessors, so it was a real obvious thing to me to use a microprocessor to make a programmable polyphonic synth. The other thing is, we knew the people from E-mu systems, ... I had heard that they were involved with developing a new chip set where they had an oscillator integrated circuit, they had a filter circuit, and they had an envelope and a VCA. ...

siliconbreakdown.com

  • Rossum 1981, "JL: Your influence in the design of both the Prophet 5 and the equipment of Oberheim Electronics have been grossly overlooked. Would you care to comment on what you've done for both companies? / DR: Let me talk first about Tom Oberheim, , whom I met at an AES convention in the spring of 1974. ... Towards the fall of that same year he visited E-mu to see our prototype polyphonic keyboard, and decided that he liked that design too. He felt that it too was patentable, and wanted to use it in a product. So we worked out an arrangement whereby he'd pay us royalties, and could use the circuit, and we would share in them benefits of the patent." Lee, Jay (1981). "Interview of Dave Rossum". Polyphony Magazine. No. November/December 1981.
  • Rossum 1981, "JL: Your influence in the design of both the Prophet 5 and the equipment of Oberheim Electronics have been grossly overlooked. Would you care to comment on what you've done for both companies? / DR: ... The involvement with the Prophet 5 was very similar. Dave Smith had come to us for design help with other projects, when he decided to get into a synthesizer, he came over and basically started picking our brains from the beginning, which was an intelligent thing to do. We did some specific circuit designs for the Prophet 5,reviewed virtually everything in it, and gave him access to lots of E-mu documentation. Again, we had a royalty arrangement, the product went over well, and we made a lot of money... Lee, Jay (1981). "Interview of Dave Rossum". Polyphony Magazine. No. November/December 1981.

soundonsound.com

  • Gordon Reid. "Synth secrets, part 21". Sound on Sound. No. January 2001.
  • Keeble 2002, "The first step was to use the new logic chips for monophonic, and then polyphonic keyboards. This was a major advance thanks to the use of digital scanning circuitry ... Tom Oberheim [was ?] licensed the [polyphonic] design as the basis for his Four Voice and Eight Voice polyphonic analogue synths of 1974.", "Emu first applied the new technology to keyboard and sequencer design with the 4060 Polyphonic Keyboard and Sequencer of March 1977" Keeble, Rob (September 2002). "30 Years of Emu: The History Of Emu Systems". Sound on Sound. Archived from the original on 2015-12-26.
  • Keeble 2002, "Dave Smith, ... He called in at the Emu office in the summer of 1977 to discuss product ideas, and the advice was clear the killer product everyone was looking for at the time was an affordable programmable polyphonic analogue synth. Emu were already working towards such a synth, and had pioneered two of the three design concepts (the microprocessor keyboard, and the analogue chip voice card). All that remained was the microprocessor control of patches. ... Whilst Dave Rossum developed the operating system and oversaw the analog circuit design, Dave Smith focused on making patches programmable and designing the control surface. ... Emu agreed a royalty from Sequential that provided strong revenues once the Prophet 5 took off like a rocket in late 1978 and 1979." Keeble, Rob (September 2002). "30 Years of Emu: The History Of Emu Systems". Sound on Sound. Archived from the original on 2015-12-26.
  • "Yamaha CS80 - Polysynth (Retro)". Reviews : Keyboard. Sound on Sound. No. July 1995. Archived from the original on 2015-06-07. CS80 was launched in 1976", "CS80 could almost be thought of as two polyphonic synths, because there are two independent 8-voice sections available.

synthtopia.com

web.archive.org

  • "Novachord Schematics". novachord.com. Archived from the original on 2008-01-01.
  • "Introduction to the Hammond Novachord". novachord.com. Archived from the original on 2009-09-12. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  • "[Chapter 1] Origins of the Yamaha Synthesizer". History, Yamaha Synth 40th Anniversary. Yamaha Corporation. 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-07-11. ... Introduced in 1975, the GX-1 was ... In 1973, Yamaha completed development work on a prototype codenamed the GX-707. Based on cluster voltage control, this instrument could be regarded as the predecessor of the Electone GX-1. ... As the flagship model in the Electone lineup, however, this prototype was conceived of as a theatre model for use on the concert stage. With a console weighing in excess of 300 kg and a separate board required for editing tones, it was not well suited for sale to the general public, and to this day is still considered a niche instrument.", "Why digital technology in an analog synth? ... It was thus clear that new control technology would be required in order to use a limited number of circuits in a more effective manner. ... This type of device was known as a key assigner, and it can rightly be called the predecessor of today's dynamic voice allocation (DVA) technology. Back in the early seventies, when tone generators still relied on analog technology, digital circuitry was already being put to use in these key assigners.
  • Keeble 2002, "The first step was to use the new logic chips for monophonic, and then polyphonic keyboards. This was a major advance thanks to the use of digital scanning circuitry ... Tom Oberheim [was ?] licensed the [polyphonic] design as the basis for his Four Voice and Eight Voice polyphonic analogue synths of 1974.", "Emu first applied the new technology to keyboard and sequencer design with the 4060 Polyphonic Keyboard and Sequencer of March 1977" Keeble, Rob (September 2002). "30 Years of Emu: The History Of Emu Systems". Sound on Sound. Archived from the original on 2015-12-26.
  • Keeble 2002, "Dave Smith, ... He called in at the Emu office in the summer of 1977 to discuss product ideas, and the advice was clear the killer product everyone was looking for at the time was an affordable programmable polyphonic analogue synth. Emu were already working towards such a synth, and had pioneered two of the three design concepts (the microprocessor keyboard, and the analogue chip voice card). All that remained was the microprocessor control of patches. ... Whilst Dave Rossum developed the operating system and oversaw the analog circuit design, Dave Smith focused on making patches programmable and designing the control surface. ... Emu agreed a royalty from Sequential that provided strong revenues once the Prophet 5 took off like a rocket in late 1978 and 1979." Keeble, Rob (September 2002). "30 Years of Emu: The History Of Emu Systems". Sound on Sound. Archived from the original on 2015-12-26.
  • "The Armand Pascetta Keyboard". Keyboard. Vol. 32, no. 5. May 2006. p. 68.
    abstract: "Features Armand Pascetta, a technician who developed the first polyphonic keyboard in the U.S. Reason behind the development of a content-addressable memory; List of clients of Pascetta, including synthesist Malcolm Cecil; Views of musician Don Lewis on playing the Pascetta keyboard again during a benefit concert." (quoted from "EBSCO Publishing". Archived from the original on 2017-04-27.)
  • "Tom Oberheim". Barcelona 2008 (interview). Red Bull Music Academy. Archived from the original on 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2017-04-27. ... I'm not the kind of circuit design expert that Bob Moog was. ... When I did Oberheim, I didn't consider myself a great circuit guy, so I had help. In one case part of the Oberheim module was designed by an engineer at ARP, and another was designed by an engineer at E-mu, by the guy who started E-mu ...", "Oberheim Four-Voice polyphonic synthesizer. ... in January 1975, I got the idea to put four or eight of these [little synthesizer] modules together with just a simple digital keyboard and have the first polyphonic synthesizer. And so I designed this module, it was already in existence when I made this decision, so it took me about six weeks to design this machine. ... a few months later showed it at the NAMM show, and the Oberheim synthesizer world was born.
  • "Yamaha CS80 - Polysynth (Retro)". Reviews : Keyboard. Sound on Sound. No. July 1995. Archived from the original on 2015-06-07. CS80 was launched in 1976", "CS80 could almost be thought of as two polyphonic synths, because there are two independent 8-voice sections available.

yamaha.com

usa.yamaha.com

  • "[Chapter 1] Origins of the Yamaha Synthesizer". History, Yamaha Synth 40th Anniversary. Yamaha Corporation. 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-07-11. ... Introduced in 1975, the GX-1 was ... In 1973, Yamaha completed development work on a prototype codenamed the GX-707. Based on cluster voltage control, this instrument could be regarded as the predecessor of the Electone GX-1. ... As the flagship model in the Electone lineup, however, this prototype was conceived of as a theatre model for use on the concert stage. With a console weighing in excess of 300 kg and a separate board required for editing tones, it was not well suited for sale to the general public, and to this day is still considered a niche instrument.", "Why digital technology in an analog synth? ... It was thus clear that new control technology would be required in order to use a limited number of circuits in a more effective manner. ... This type of device was known as a key assigner, and it can rightly be called the predecessor of today's dynamic voice allocation (DVA) technology. Back in the early seventies, when tone generators still relied on analog technology, digital circuitry was already being put to use in these key assigners.