Pomegranate (English Wikipedia)

"What's the Truth about... Pomegranate Seeds?". Ou.org. 5 June 2008. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

armenpress.am (Global: 6,506^th place; English: 6,245^th place)

"Genealogy group propagandized pomegranate, symbol of Armenia, wealth and fertility at official opening of the 2015 Eurovision Song Contest". Armenpress. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2020.

ashs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

journals.ashs.org

Wetzstein, Hazel Y.; Zhang, Zibin; Ravid, Nadav; Wetzstein, Michael E. (June 2011). "Characterization of Attributes Related to Fruit Size in Pomegranate". HortScience. 46 (6): 908–912. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.6.908.

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Mucho Gusto (18 March 2024). "Chiles en nogada: A symbol of the mexican flag". Gusto Journal. Archived from the original on 12 October 2025. Retrieved 12 October 2025.

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"A Pomegranate for All Religions" Archived 21 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine by Nancy Haught, Religious News Service

biodiversitylibrary.org (Global: 387^th place; English: 373^rd place)

Dahlgren, Rolf; Thorne, Robert F. (1984). "The Order Myrtales: Circumscription, Variation, and Relationships". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 71 (3): 633–699. Bibcode:1984AnMBG..71..633D. doi:10.2307/2399158. JSTOR 2399158.

bj.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Parashat Tetzaveh Archived 22 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Commentary by Peninnah Schram, Congregation B'nai Jeshurun, New York

bloomsburyfoodlibrary.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Shafer-Elliott, Cynthia (2022), Fu, Janling; Shafer-Elliott, Cynthia; Meyers, Carol (eds.), "Fruits, Nuts, Vegetables, and Legumes", T&T Clark Handbook of Food in the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, T&T Clark Handbooks (1 ed.), London: T&T Clark, pp. 142–143, ISBN 978-0-567-67982-6, retrieved 27 July 2025{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Nirmal K. Sinha; Jiwan Sidhu; Jozsef Barta; James Wu; M.Pilar Cano, eds. (20 June 2012). Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing (2 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-35263-2. OCLC 1100459240.
George Ripley; Charles Anderson Dana (1875). The American cyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge, Volume 13. Appleton. ... frequent reference is made to it in the Mosaic writings, and sculptured representations of the fruit are found on the ancient monuments of Egypt and in the Assyrian ruins. It is found in a truly wild state only in northern India ...
Still, D. W. (2006). "Pomegranate: A botanical perspective". In Seeram, Navindra P.; Schulman, Risa N.; Heber, David (eds.). Pomegranates: ancient roots to modern medicine. CRC Press. pp. 199–2010. ISBN 978-0-8493-9812-4.
Burke, Andrew (15 July 2008). Iran. Lonely Planet. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-74104-293-1. Retrieved 29 November 2010. The anar (pomegranate) is native to the region around Iran and is eaten fresh and incorporated in a range of Persian dishes most famously in fesenjun, but also in ash-e-anar (pomegranate soup) and in rich red ab anar (pomegranate juice).
Jayaprakasha, G. K.; Negi, P.S.; Jena, B.S. (2006). "Antimicrobial activities of pomegranate". In Seeram, Navindra P.; Schulman, Risa N.; Heber, David (eds.). Pomegranates: ancient roots to modern medicine. CRC Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-8493-9812-4.
Hodgson, Robert Williard (1917). The pomegranate; Issue 276 of Bulletin. California Agricultural Experiment Station. p. 165. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016.
Seeram, Navindra P. (2006). Pomegranates: Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-0986-6.
Heyn, Birgit (April 1990). Ayurveda: The Indian Art of Natural Medicine and Life Extension. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-89281-333-9.
Suresh Chandra (1998). Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses. Sarup & Sons. p. 39. ISBN 978-81-7625-039-9. Bhumidevi (the earth goddess) ... Attributes: ... pomegranate ...
Vijaya Kumar (2006). Thousand Names of Ganesha. Sterling Publishers. ISBN 978-81-207-3007-6. ... Beejapoori ... the pomegranate in His hand is symbolic of bounteous wealth, material as well as spiritual ...

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

Encyclopedia Britannica. "Pomegranate".

d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Zeynalova, A. M (2017). "Origin, taxonomy and systematics of pomegranate" (PDF). Proceedings of the Institute of Botany. 37: 20–25.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Shi, Jiangli (9 December 2024), "Botany and Taxonomy of Pomegranate", The Pomegranate Genome, Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 1–9, ISBN 978-1-003-47577-4, retrieved 6 January 2026{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
Liu, Chen; Wang, Nan; Zhang, Ying-Yuan; Qu, Hai-tao; Liu, Ling-Xiao; Zhang, Li-Hua; Liu, Yun-Guo (6 May 2025). "Pomegranate: historical origins, nutritional composition, health functions and processing development research". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 65 (33): 8447–8469. doi:10.1080/10408398.2025.2500676. ISSN 1040-8398.
Ismail, Tariq; Sestili, Piero; Akhtar, Saeed (September 2012). "Pomegranate peel and fruit extracts: A review of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 143 (2): 397–405. Bibcode:2012JEthn.143..397I. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.004. PMID 22820239.
Langley, Patricia (4 November 2000). "Why a pomegranate?". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 321 (7269): 1153–1154. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7269.1153. PMC 1118911. PMID 11061746.
Joshi, V.K.; Panesar, P.S.; Rana, V.S.; Kaur, S. (2017). "Science and Technology of Fruit Wines". Science and Technology of Fruit Wine Production. pp. 1–72. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-800850-8.00001-6. ISBN 978-0-12-800850-8.
Johnston, Fred (2004). "Woman as Poet". Books Ireland (264): 15–18. doi:10.2307/20632662. JSTOR 20632662.
Wetzstein, Hazel Y.; Zhang, Zibin; Ravid, Nadav; Wetzstein, Michael E. (June 2011). "Characterization of Attributes Related to Fruit Size in Pomegranate". HortScience. 46 (6): 908–912. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.6.908.
Tamchos, Sonam; Anjum, Talat; Rao, Rama; Nagayya, Shiddamallayya; Sharma, Gopesh (April 2025). "Microscopical Investigation of Punica granatum L. Flower: A Traditional Drug with Vivid Therapeutic Promise". Pharmacognosy Research. 17 (2): 645–653. doi:10.5530/pres.20252086.
Stover, E.; Mercure, E. W. (2007). "The Pomegranate: A New Look at the Fruit of Paradise". HortScience. 42 (5): 1088–1092. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1088.
Holland, D.; Hatib, K.; Bar-Ya'Akov, I. (2009). "Pomegranate: Botany, Horticulture, Breeding". Horticultural Reviews. pp. 127–191. doi:10.1002/9780470593776.ch2. ISBN 978-0-470-38642-2.
Dahlgren, Rolf; Thorne, Robert F. (1984). "The Order Myrtales: Circumscription, Variation, and Relationships". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 71 (3): 633–699. Bibcode:1984AnMBG..71..633D. doi:10.2307/2399158. JSTOR 2399158.
Fernandes, L.; Pereira, J. A.; López Cortés, I.; Salazar, D. M.; Ramalhosa, E. C. (2015). "Physicochemical Changes and Antioxidant Activity of Juice, Skin, Pellicle and Seed of Pomegranate (cv. Mollar de Elche) at Different Stages of Ripening". Food Technology and Biotechnology. 53 (4): 397–406. doi:10.17113/ftb.53.04.15.3884. PMC 5079168. PMID 27904374.
Gómez Caravaca, A. M.; Verardo, V.; Toselli, M.; Segura Carretero, A.; Fernández Gutiérrez, A.; Caboni, M. F. (2013). "Determination of the major phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices by HPLC−DAD−ESI-MS". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 61 (22): 5328–37. Bibcode:2013JAFC...61.5328G. doi:10.1021/jf400684n. PMID 23656584.
Rafiei Dehaghani, Vahid (2025). "The Ritual Role of Golnār – The Pomegranate Flower in Iranian Art and Culture". Journal of Art and Civilization of the Orient. 13 (48): 50–57.
Sedigh-Rahimabadi, Massih; Fani, Mohammadmehdi; Rostami-chijan, Mahsa; Zarshenas, Mohammad M.; Shams, Mesbah (8 July 2016). "A Traditional Mouthwash (Punica granatum var pleniflora) for Controlling Gingivitis of Diabetic Patients". Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine. 22 (1): 59–67. doi:10.1177/2156587216633370. ISSN 2156-5872.
Ward, Cheryl (February 2003). "Pomegranates in eastern Mediterranean contexts during the Late Bronze Age". World Archaeology. 34 (3): 529–541. doi:10.1080/0043824021000026495. JSTOR 3560202.
Ward Haldane, Cheryl (March 1990). "Shipwrecked plant remains". The Biblical Archaeologist. 53 (1): 55–60. doi:10.2307/3210160. JSTOR 3210160.
Rong Yanga, Jianqin Lid, Gong Chenge, Angkhana Intab, and Lixin Yang (27 November 2023). "Textiles Dyeing with Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel ExtractUsing Natural Mordant". Journal of Natural Fibers. 20 (2) 2282056. Taylor & Francis. doi:10.1080/15440478.2023.2282056.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Alper, N; Bahceci, KS; Acar, J (2005). "Influence of processing and pasteurization on color values and total phenolic compounds of pomegranate juice". Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 29 (5–6): 357–368. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4549.2005.00033.x.
Hernández F, Melgarejo P, Tomás-Barberán FA, Artés F (1999). "Evolution of juice anthocyanins during ripening of new selected pomegranate (Punica granatum) clones". European Food Research and Technology. 210 (1): 39–42. Bibcode:1999EFRT..210...39H. doi:10.1007/s002170050529.
Nasr, C. Ben (1996). "Quantitative determination of the polyphenolic content of pomegranate peel". Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung. 203 (4): 374–378. doi:10.1007/BF01231077. PMID 9123975.
Plumb GW, De Pascual-Teresa S, Santos-Buelga C, Rivas-Gonzalo JC, Williamson G (2002). "Antioxidant properties of gallocatechin and prodelphinidins from pomegranate peel". Redox Rep. 7 (41): 41–6. doi:10.1179/135100002125000172. hdl:10261/97986. PMID 11981454.
Li, Y.; Guo, C.; Yang, J.; Wei, J.; Xu, J.; Cheng, S. (2006). "Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract". Food Chemistry. 96 (2): 254–260. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.033.
Schubert, Shay Yehoshua; Lansky, Ephraim Philip; Neeman, Ishak (July 1999). "Antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme inhibition properties of pomegranate seed oil and fermented juice flavonoids". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 66 (1): 11–17. Bibcode:1999JEthn..66...11S. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00222-0. PMID 10432202.
Collins, Paul (January 2006). "An Assyrian-Style Ivory Plaque from Hasanlu, Iran". Metropolitan Museum Journal. 41: 19–31. doi:10.1086/met.41.20320658.

efloras.org (Global: 732^nd place; English: 800^th place)

"Punica granatum in Flora of Pakistan". eFloras.org Home. Retrieved 27 December 2025.

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Harper, Douglas. "pomegranate". Online Etymology Dictionary.
Harper, Douglas. "garnet". Online Etymology Dictionary.
Harper, Douglas. "grenade". Online Etymology Dictionary.

fda.gov (Global: 447^th place; English: 338^th place)

United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
"Pom Wonderful Warning Letter". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
"Understanding Front-of-Package Violations: Why Warning Letters Are Sent to Industry". Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2011.

forbes.com (Global: 54^th place; English: 48^th place)

Sorvino, Chloe (2 May 2016). "The Verdict: POM Wonderful Misled Its Customers, A Blow To Its Billionaire Owners". Forbes. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.

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"Overview: Global pomegranate market". FreshPlaza. 13 September 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

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"Statement of FTC Chairwoman Edith Ramirez Regarding Supreme Court's Decision Not to Review POM Wonderful Case". Bureau of Consumer Protection, US Federal Trade Commission. 2 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017. I am pleased that the POM Wonderful case has been brought to a successful conclusion. The outcome of this case makes clear that companies like POM making serious health claims about food and nutritional supplement products must have rigorous scientific evidence to back them up. Consumers deserve no less.

globalsciencebooks.info (Global: low place; English: low place)

Chandra, Ram (2010). "Origin, history and domestication of pomegranate" (PDF). Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology. 2: 1–6.

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Plumb GW, De Pascual-Teresa S, Santos-Buelga C, Rivas-Gonzalo JC, Williamson G (2002). "Antioxidant properties of gallocatechin and prodelphinidins from pomegranate peel". Redox Rep. 7 (41): 41–6. doi:10.1179/135100002125000172. hdl:10261/97986. PMID 11981454.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Ismail, Tariq; Sestili, Piero; Akhtar, Saeed (September 2012). "Pomegranate peel and fruit extracts: A review of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 143 (2): 397–405. Bibcode:2012JEthn.143..397I. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.004. PMID 22820239.
Dahlgren, Rolf; Thorne, Robert F. (1984). "The Order Myrtales: Circumscription, Variation, and Relationships". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 71 (3): 633–699. Bibcode:1984AnMBG..71..633D. doi:10.2307/2399158. JSTOR 2399158.
Gómez Caravaca, A. M.; Verardo, V.; Toselli, M.; Segura Carretero, A.; Fernández Gutiérrez, A.; Caboni, M. F. (2013). "Determination of the major phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices by HPLC−DAD−ESI-MS". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 61 (22): 5328–37. Bibcode:2013JAFC...61.5328G. doi:10.1021/jf400684n. PMID 23656584.
Hernández F, Melgarejo P, Tomás-Barberán FA, Artés F (1999). "Evolution of juice anthocyanins during ripening of new selected pomegranate (Punica granatum) clones". European Food Research and Technology. 210 (1): 39–42. Bibcode:1999EFRT..210...39H. doi:10.1007/s002170050529.
Schubert, Shay Yehoshua; Lansky, Ephraim Philip; Neeman, Ishak (July 1999). "Antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme inhibition properties of pomegranate seed oil and fermented juice flavonoids". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 66 (1): 11–17. Bibcode:1999JEthn..66...11S. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00222-0. PMID 10432202.

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iguide.travel Archived 6 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Goychay Activities: Pomegranate Festival

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Participants of the FFI/IUCN SSC Central Asian regional tree Red Listing workshop, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan (11-13 July 2006) (2020). "Punica granatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T63531A173543609. Retrieved 16 November 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

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Johnston, Fred (2004). "Woman as Poet". Books Ireland (264): 15–18. doi:10.2307/20632662. JSTOR 20632662.
Dahlgren, Rolf; Thorne, Robert F. (1984). "The Order Myrtales: Circumscription, Variation, and Relationships". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 71 (3): 633–699. Bibcode:1984AnMBG..71..633D. doi:10.2307/2399158. JSTOR 2399158.
Ward, Cheryl (February 2003). "Pomegranates in eastern Mediterranean contexts during the Late Bronze Age". World Archaeology. 34 (3): 529–541. doi:10.1080/0043824021000026495. JSTOR 3560202.
Ward Haldane, Cheryl (March 1990). "Shipwrecked plant remains". The Biblical Archaeologist. 53 (1): 55–60. doi:10.2307/3210160. JSTOR 3210160.

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Ismail, Tariq; Sestili, Piero; Akhtar, Saeed (September 2012). "Pomegranate peel and fruit extracts: A review of potential anti-inflammatory and anti-infective effects". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 143 (2): 397–405. Bibcode:2012JEthn.143..397I. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.004. PMID 22820239.
Langley, Patricia (4 November 2000). "Why a pomegranate?". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 321 (7269): 1153–1154. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7269.1153. PMC 1118911. PMID 11061746.
Fernandes, L.; Pereira, J. A.; López Cortés, I.; Salazar, D. M.; Ramalhosa, E. C. (2015). "Physicochemical Changes and Antioxidant Activity of Juice, Skin, Pellicle and Seed of Pomegranate (cv. Mollar de Elche) at Different Stages of Ripening". Food Technology and Biotechnology. 53 (4): 397–406. doi:10.17113/ftb.53.04.15.3884. PMC 5079168. PMID 27904374.
Gómez Caravaca, A. M.; Verardo, V.; Toselli, M.; Segura Carretero, A.; Fernández Gutiérrez, A.; Caboni, M. F. (2013). "Determination of the major phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices by HPLC−DAD−ESI-MS". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 61 (22): 5328–37. Bibcode:2013JAFC...61.5328G. doi:10.1021/jf400684n. PMID 23656584.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Nasr, C. Ben (1996). "Quantitative determination of the polyphenolic content of pomegranate peel". Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung. 203 (4): 374–378. doi:10.1007/BF01231077. PMID 9123975.
Plumb GW, De Pascual-Teresa S, Santos-Buelga C, Rivas-Gonzalo JC, Williamson G (2002). "Antioxidant properties of gallocatechin and prodelphinidins from pomegranate peel". Redox Rep. 7 (41): 41–6. doi:10.1179/135100002125000172. hdl:10261/97986. PMID 11981454.
Schubert, Shay Yehoshua; Lansky, Ephraim Philip; Neeman, Ishak (July 1999). "Antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme inhibition properties of pomegranate seed oil and fermented juice flavonoids". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 66 (1): 11–17. Bibcode:1999JEthn..66...11S. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00222-0. PMID 10432202.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Langley, Patricia (4 November 2000). "Why a pomegranate?". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 321 (7269): 1153–1154. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7269.1153. PMC 1118911. PMID 11061746.
Fernandes, L.; Pereira, J. A.; López Cortés, I.; Salazar, D. M.; Ramalhosa, E. C. (2015). "Physicochemical Changes and Antioxidant Activity of Juice, Skin, Pellicle and Seed of Pomegranate (cv. Mollar de Elche) at Different Stages of Ripening". Food Technology and Biotechnology. 53 (4): 397–406. doi:10.17113/ftb.53.04.15.3884. PMC 5079168. PMID 27904374.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Mohammadi, Mehran (2023). "Pomegranate: A review of the heavenly healer's past, present, and future". Iranian journal of basic medical sciences. 26 (11): 1245.

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"Numismatica Ars Classica - Auction 96 Lot 1114". NumisBids.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2023. Pamphylia, Side. Stater, circa 460-430 BC, ...Pomegranate within guilloche border. Rev. Head of Athena r., wearing Corinthian helmet, hair in a queue. All within incuse square.

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Tamchos, Sonam; Anjum, Talat; Rao, Rama; Nagayya, Shiddamallayya; Sharma, Gopesh (April 2025). "Microscopical Investigation of Punica granatum L. Flower: A Traditional Drug with Vivid Therapeutic Promise". Pharmacognosy Research. 17 (2): 645–653. doi:10.5530/pres.20252086.

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