Poppers (English Wikipedia)

Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). "Chapter 10: Development of Organic Nitrates for Coronary Heart Disease". Analogue-based Drug Discovery. United States: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 247, 248. ISBN 978-3-527-60749-5.
Newell GR, Spitz MR, Wilson MB (1988). "Nitrite inhalants: historical perspective". NIDA Research Monograph. 83: 1–14. PMID 3140018. Also published as: Newell GR, Spitz MR, Wilson MB (1988). "Nitrite Inhalants: Historical Perspective". In Haverkos HW, Dougherty JA (eds.). Health Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse. pp. 1–14. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.152.4015. OCLC 18456297. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

chemistryworld.com (Global: low place; English: 8,914^th place)

Brazil R (16 September 2021). "Explainer: The science of alkyl nitrites aka poppers". Chemistry World. Retrieved 2026-04-09.

cornell.edu (Global: 308^th place; English: 253^rd place)

law.cornell.edu

"15 U.S. Code § 2057a - Banning of butyl nitrite". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2019-12-02.
"15 U.S. Code § 2057b - Banning of isopropal nitrite and other nitrites". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2019-12-02.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Romanelli F, Smith KM, Thornton AC, Pomeroy C (January 2004). "Poppers: epidemiology and clinical management of inhaled nitrite abuse". Pharmacotherapy. 24 (1): 69–78. doi:10.1592/phco.24.1.69.34801. PMID 14740789. S2CID 44991387.
Davies AJ, Kelly SP, Naylor SG, Bhatt PR, Mathews JP, Sahni J, et al. (November 2012). "Adverse ophthalmic reaction in poppers users: case series of 'poppers maculopathy'". Eye. 26 (11): 1479–1486. doi:10.1038/eye.2012.191. PMC 3496104. PMID 23079752.
Vignal-Clermont C, Audo I, Sahel JA, Paques M (October 2010). "Poppers-associated retinal toxicity". The New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (16): 1583–1585. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1005118. PMID 20942681.
Zhao P, Tang S, Wang C, Zhang Y, Best J, Tangthanasup TM, et al. (20 January 2017). "Recreational Drug Use among Chinese MSM and Transgender Individuals: Results from a National Online Cross-Sectional Study". PLOS ONE. 12 (1) e0170024. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1270024Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170024. PMC 5249205. PMID 28107391.
Schmidt AJ, Bourne A, Weatherburn P, Reid D, Marcus U, Hickson F (December 2016). "Illicit drug use among gay and bisexual men in 44 cities: Findings from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS)". The International Journal on Drug Policy. 38: 4–12. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.09.007. PMID 27788450.
Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". The Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–1053. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Harte CB, Meston CM (June 2011). "Recreational use of erectile dysfunction medications in undergraduate men in the United States: characteristics and associated risk factors". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 40 (3): 597–606. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9619-y. PMC 2909482. PMID 20358273.
Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–1053. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Dixon DS, Reisch RF, Santinga PH (July 1981). "Fatal methemoglobinemia resulting from ingestion of isobutyl nitrite, a "room odorizer" widely used for recreational purposes". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 26 (3): 587–593. doi:10.1520/JFS11404J. PMID 7252472.
Stalnikowicz R, Amitai Y, Bentur Y (2004). "Aphrodisiac drug-induced hemolysis". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 42 (3): 313–316. doi:10.1081/clt-120037435. PMID 15362601. S2CID 9389458.
Hagan IG, Burney K (July–August 2007). "Radiology of recreational drug abuse". Radiographics. 27 (4): 919–940. doi:10.1148/rg.274065103. PMID 17620459.
Davies AJ, Kelly SP, Bhatt PR (June 2012). "'Poppers maculopathy'--an emerging ophthalmic reaction to recreational substance abuse". Eye (correspondence). 26 (6): 888. doi:10.1038/eye.2012.37. PMC 3376285. PMID 22402700.
Vignal-Clermont C, Audo I, Sahel JA, Paques M (October 2010). "Poppers-associated retinal toxicity". The New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (16): 1583–1585. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1005118. PMID 20942681.
Pahlitzsch M, Mai C, Joussen AM, Bergholz R (2016). "Poppers Maculopathy: Complete Restitution of Macular Changes in OCT after Drug Abstinence". Seminars in Ophthalmology. 31 (5): 479–484. doi:10.3109/08820538.2014.962175. PMID 25398125. S2CID 7780239.
Bral NO, Marinkovic M, Leroy BP, Hoornaert K, van Lint M, ten Tusscher MP (February 2016). "Do not turn a blind eye to alkyl nitrite (poppers)!". Acta Ophthalmologica. 94 (1): e82–e83. doi:10.1111/aos.12753. PMID 25975842. S2CID 39061955.
Audo I, El Sanharawi M, Vignal-Clermont C, Villa A, Morin A, Conrath J, et al. (June 2011). "Foveal damage in habitual poppers users". Archives of Ophthalmology. 129 (6): 703–708. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.6. PMID 21320953.
Gruener AM, Jeffries MA, El Housseini Z, Whitefield L (November 2014). "Poppers maculopathy". Lancet. 384 (9954): 1606. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60887-4. PMID 24954683. S2CID 8083375.
Duesberg P, Koehnlein C, Rasnick D (June 2003). "The chemical bases of the various AIDS epidemics: recreational drugs, anti-viral chemotherapy and malnutrition". Journal of Biosciences. 28 (4): 383–412. doi:10.1007/BF02705115. PMID 12799487. S2CID 56553.
Schechter MT, Craib KJ, Gelmon KA, Montaner JS, Le TN, O'Shaughnessy MV (March 1993). "HIV-1 and the aetiology of AIDS". Lancet. 341 (8846): 658–659. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90421-c. PMID 8095571. S2CID 23141531.
Johnson WS, Hall AH, Rumack BH (July 1989). "Cyanide poisoning successfully treated without 'therapeutic methemoglobin levels'". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 7 (4): 437–440. doi:10.1016/0735-6757(89)90057-0. PMID 2567600.
Marraffa JM, Cohen V, Howland MA (February 2012). "Antidotes for toxicological emergencies: a practical review". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 69 (3): 199–212. doi:10.2146/ajhp110014. PMID 22261941.
Pepper N (2022), "Alkyl Nitrite Inhalants (Poppers)", Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions, Springer, Cham, pp. 2479–2497, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_132.pdf, ISBN 978-3-030-92392-1, retrieved 2026-04-11
Fye WB (August 1986). "T. Lauder Brunton and amyl nitrite: a Victorian vasodilator". Circulation. 74 (2): 222–229. doi:10.1161/01.cir.74.2.222. PMID 3524895.
Israelstam S, Lambert S, Oki G (November 1978). "Poppers, a new recreational drug craze". Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal. 23 (7): 493–495. doi:10.1177/070674377802300711. PMID 709498. S2CID 9696049.
French R, Power R (1 January 1998). "A Qualitative Study of the Social Contextual Use of Alkyl Nitrites (Poppers) among Targeted Groups". Journal of Drug Issues. 28 (1): 57–76. doi:10.1177/002204269802800104. ISSN 0022-0426. S2CID 58853221.
Le A, Yockey A, Palamar JJ (2020). "Use of "Poppers" among Adults in the United States, 2015-2017". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 52 (5): 433–439. doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1791373. PMC 7704544. PMID 32669067.

drugs.com (Global: 529^th place; English: 550^th place)

"Amyl Nitrite (Professional Patient Advice)". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2016-06-29.

drugscope.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Nitrites". Drugscope. Archived from the original on 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2007-04-24.

europa.eu (Global: 62^nd place; English: 100^th place)

eur-lex.europa.eu

"Directive 2005/90/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council". Official Journal of the European Union. 18 January 2006.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

Commissioner Oo (31 January 2025). "Ingesting or Inhaling Nitrite "Poppers" Can Cause Severe Injury or Death". FDA.
"Products Approved for Chemical Emergencies". Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 14 August 2019.^{[dead link]}

fishersci.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Isoamyl nitrite, 97%, stabilized, Thermo Scientific Chemicals". Retrieved 2024-08-15.

gov.uk (Global: 401^st place; English: 228^th place)

Iversen L (16 March 2016). "ACMD review of alkyl nitrites ("poppers")" (PDF). gov.uk. www.gov.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
"Consideration of the Novel Psychoactive Substances ('Legal Highs')" (PDF). Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. pp. 52–54.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Wood RW (1989). "The acute toxicity of nitrite inhalants". NIDA Research Monograph. 83. National Institute on Drug Abuse: 28–38. hdl:1802/1150. PMID 3140020.

healthequitymatters.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

assets.healthequitymatters.org.au

"Submission to the Publication of interim decision proposing to amend, or not amend, the current Poisons Standard, September 2018" (PDF). Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations. Retrieved 2026-04-09.

healthycanadians.gc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Poppers sold across Canada pose serious risks". www.healthycanadians.gc.ca. Retrieved 2019-05-23.

independent.co.uk (Global: 46^th place; English: 29^th place)

"The Government thought it had banned Poppers but actually accidentally didn't". The Independent. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 2016-03-16.

inverse.com (Global: 1,941^st place; English: 1,159^th place)

"England's Psychoactive Substances Act Puts Nootropic Poppers on Notice". Inverse. 11 February 2016. Retrieved 2026-04-09.

legifrance.gouv.fr (Global: 148^th place; English: 731^st place)

"Decree 90–274 of 26 March 1990" (in French). Legifrance.gouv.fr. 15 May 2009. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
"Decree 2007-1636 of 20 November 2007" (in French). Legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
"Conseil d'État, 10ème et 9ème sous-sections réunies, 15/05/2009, 312449, Publié au recueil Lebon" [Council of State, 10th and 9th sub-sections combined, 05/15/2009, 312449, Published in the Lebon collection]. Legifrance.gouv.fr (in French). 15 May 2009. Retrieved 2016-01-11.

legislation.gov.au (Global: 7,405^th place; English: 4,765^th place)

Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—October 2024) Instrument 2024 (Cth). Amyl nitrite also classified in Schedule 3 (Pharmacist only) in certain preparations. Isopropyl nitrite classified in Schedule 10 (Dangerous substance).

medsafe.govt.nz (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Amyl Nitrite". Medsafe. New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety Authority. 18 May 2000. Archived from the original on 2006-11-11. Retrieved 2007-03-15.

medscape.com (Global: 1,078^th place; English: 916^th place)

reference.medscape.com

"cyanide antidote kit (sodium thiosulfate, sodium nitrite, & amyl nitrite) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". reference.medscape.com. Archived from the original on 2019-12-26. Retrieved 2026-04-09.

mirror.co.uk (Global: 440^th place; English: 288^th place)

Sutcliffe R (15 February 2016). "The UK's biggest poppers manufacturer has made a legal high ban vow". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 2026-04-09.

msdmanuals.com (Global: 4,878^th place; English: low place)

O'Malley GF, O'Malley R (January 2016). "Volatile Nitrites". In Porter RS, et al. (eds.). The Merck Manual Online. Merck & Co. Retrieved 2017-09-16.

news.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sexdroge Poppers: Zur Ekstase geschnüffelt". News.de (in German). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 2026-04-09.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Romanelli F, Smith KM, Thornton AC, Pomeroy C (January 2004). "Poppers: epidemiology and clinical management of inhaled nitrite abuse". Pharmacotherapy. 24 (1): 69–78. doi:10.1592/phco.24.1.69.34801. PMID 14740789. S2CID 44991387.
Davies AJ, Kelly SP, Naylor SG, Bhatt PR, Mathews JP, Sahni J, et al. (November 2012). "Adverse ophthalmic reaction in poppers users: case series of 'poppers maculopathy'". Eye. 26 (11): 1479–1486. doi:10.1038/eye.2012.191. PMC 3496104. PMID 23079752.
Vignal-Clermont C, Audo I, Sahel JA, Paques M (October 2010). "Poppers-associated retinal toxicity". The New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (16): 1583–1585. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1005118. PMID 20942681.
Zhao P, Tang S, Wang C, Zhang Y, Best J, Tangthanasup TM, et al. (20 January 2017). "Recreational Drug Use among Chinese MSM and Transgender Individuals: Results from a National Online Cross-Sectional Study". PLOS ONE. 12 (1) e0170024. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1270024Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170024. PMC 5249205. PMID 28107391.
Schmidt AJ, Bourne A, Weatherburn P, Reid D, Marcus U, Hickson F (December 2016). "Illicit drug use among gay and bisexual men in 44 cities: Findings from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS)". The International Journal on Drug Policy. 38: 4–12. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.09.007. PMID 27788450.
Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". The Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–1053. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Harte CB, Meston CM (June 2011). "Recreational use of erectile dysfunction medications in undergraduate men in the United States: characteristics and associated risk factors". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 40 (3): 597–606. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9619-y. PMC 2909482. PMID 20358273.
Wood RW (1989). "The acute toxicity of nitrite inhalants". NIDA Research Monograph. 83. National Institute on Drug Abuse: 28–38. hdl:1802/1150. PMID 3140020.
Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–1053. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Wood RW (19 April 1988). "The acute toxicity of nitrite inhalants". NIDA Research Monograph. 83: 28–38. PMID 3140020.
Dixon DS, Reisch RF, Santinga PH (July 1981). "Fatal methemoglobinemia resulting from ingestion of isobutyl nitrite, a "room odorizer" widely used for recreational purposes". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 26 (3): 587–593. doi:10.1520/JFS11404J. PMID 7252472.
Pruijm MT, de Meijer PH (December 2002). "[Methemoglobinemia due to ingestion of isobutyl nitrite ('poppers')]". Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 146 (49): 2370–2373. PMID 12510403.
Stalnikowicz R, Amitai Y, Bentur Y (2004). "Aphrodisiac drug-induced hemolysis". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 42 (3): 313–316. doi:10.1081/clt-120037435. PMID 15362601. S2CID 9389458.
Hagan IG, Burney K (July–August 2007). "Radiology of recreational drug abuse". Radiographics. 27 (4): 919–940. doi:10.1148/rg.274065103. PMID 17620459.
Davies AJ, Kelly SP, Bhatt PR (June 2012). "'Poppers maculopathy'--an emerging ophthalmic reaction to recreational substance abuse". Eye (correspondence). 26 (6): 888. doi:10.1038/eye.2012.37. PMC 3376285. PMID 22402700.
Vignal-Clermont C, Audo I, Sahel JA, Paques M (October 2010). "Poppers-associated retinal toxicity". The New England Journal of Medicine. 363 (16): 1583–1585. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1005118. PMID 20942681.
Pahlitzsch M, Mai C, Joussen AM, Bergholz R (2016). "Poppers Maculopathy: Complete Restitution of Macular Changes in OCT after Drug Abstinence". Seminars in Ophthalmology. 31 (5): 479–484. doi:10.3109/08820538.2014.962175. PMID 25398125. S2CID 7780239.
Bral NO, Marinkovic M, Leroy BP, Hoornaert K, van Lint M, ten Tusscher MP (February 2016). "Do not turn a blind eye to alkyl nitrite (poppers)!". Acta Ophthalmologica. 94 (1): e82–e83. doi:10.1111/aos.12753. PMID 25975842. S2CID 39061955.
Audo I, El Sanharawi M, Vignal-Clermont C, Villa A, Morin A, Conrath J, et al. (June 2011). "Foveal damage in habitual poppers users". Archives of Ophthalmology. 129 (6): 703–708. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.6. PMID 21320953.
Gruener AM, Jeffries MA, El Housseini Z, Whitefield L (November 2014). "Poppers maculopathy". Lancet. 384 (9954): 1606. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60887-4. PMID 24954683. S2CID 8083375.
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (2019). Isobutyl Nitrite, β-Picoline, and Some Acrylates. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 33–60. ISBN 978-92-832-0160-1. PMID 32520473.
Duesberg P, Koehnlein C, Rasnick D (June 2003). "The chemical bases of the various AIDS epidemics: recreational drugs, anti-viral chemotherapy and malnutrition". Journal of Biosciences. 28 (4): 383–412. doi:10.1007/BF02705115. PMID 12799487. S2CID 56553.
Schechter MT, Craib KJ, Gelmon KA, Montaner JS, Le TN, O'Shaughnessy MV (March 1993). "HIV-1 and the aetiology of AIDS". Lancet. 341 (8846): 658–659. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)90421-c. PMID 8095571. S2CID 23141531.
James JS (April 1999). "Poppers: large cancer increase and immune suppression in animal tests". AIDS Treatment News (317): 1–2. PMID 11366993.
Johnson WS, Hall AH, Rumack BH (July 1989). "Cyanide poisoning successfully treated without 'therapeutic methemoglobin levels'". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 7 (4): 437–440. doi:10.1016/0735-6757(89)90057-0. PMID 2567600.
Marraffa JM, Cohen V, Howland MA (February 2012). "Antidotes for toxicological emergencies: a practical review". American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 69 (3): 199–212. doi:10.2146/ajhp110014. PMID 22261941.
Fye WB (August 1986). "T. Lauder Brunton and amyl nitrite: a Victorian vasodilator". Circulation. 74 (2): 222–229. doi:10.1161/01.cir.74.2.222. PMID 3524895.
Newell GR, Spitz MR, Wilson MB (1988). "Nitrite inhalants: historical perspective". NIDA Research Monograph. 83: 1–14. PMID 3140018. Also published as: Newell GR, Spitz MR, Wilson MB (1988). "Nitrite Inhalants: Historical Perspective". In Haverkos HW, Dougherty JA (eds.). Health Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse. pp. 1–14. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.152.4015. OCLC 18456297. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Israelstam S, Lambert S, Oki G (November 1978). "Poppers, a new recreational drug craze". Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal. 23 (7): 493–495. doi:10.1177/070674377802300711. PMID 709498. S2CID 9696049.
Le A, Yockey A, Palamar JJ (2020). "Use of "Poppers" among Adults in the United States, 2015-2017". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 52 (5): 433–439. doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1791373. PMC 7704544. PMID 32669067.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Davies AJ, Kelly SP, Naylor SG, Bhatt PR, Mathews JP, Sahni J, et al. (November 2012). "Adverse ophthalmic reaction in poppers users: case series of 'poppers maculopathy'". Eye. 26 (11): 1479–1486. doi:10.1038/eye.2012.191. PMC 3496104. PMID 23079752.
Zhao P, Tang S, Wang C, Zhang Y, Best J, Tangthanasup TM, et al. (20 January 2017). "Recreational Drug Use among Chinese MSM and Transgender Individuals: Results from a National Online Cross-Sectional Study". PLOS ONE. 12 (1) e0170024. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1270024Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170024. PMC 5249205. PMID 28107391.
Harte CB, Meston CM (June 2011). "Recreational use of erectile dysfunction medications in undergraduate men in the United States: characteristics and associated risk factors". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 40 (3): 597–606. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9619-y. PMC 2909482. PMID 20358273.
Davies AJ, Kelly SP, Bhatt PR (June 2012). "'Poppers maculopathy'--an emerging ophthalmic reaction to recreational substance abuse". Eye (correspondence). 26 (6): 888. doi:10.1038/eye.2012.37. PMC 3376285. PMID 22402700.
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (2019). Isobutyl Nitrite, β-Picoline, and Some Acrylates. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 33–60. ISBN 978-92-832-0160-1. PMID 32520473.
Le A, Yockey A, Palamar JJ (2020). "Use of "Poppers" among Adults in the United States, 2015-2017". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 52 (5): 433–439. doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1791373. PMC 7704544. PMID 32669067.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Rabin RC (18 October 2010). "Vision: A Quick High for Sex May Damage Vision". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-10-15.

parliament.uk (Global: 313^th place; English: 181^st place)

publications.parliament.uk

"publications.parliament.uk" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-01-31.
"House of Commons Hansard Debates for 20 January 2016 (pt 0003)". parliament.uk. Retrieved 2016-06-29.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Newell GR, Spitz MR, Wilson MB (1988). "Nitrite inhalants: historical perspective". NIDA Research Monograph. 83: 1–14. PMID 3140018. Also published as: Newell GR, Spitz MR, Wilson MB (1988). "Nitrite Inhalants: Historical Perspective". In Haverkos HW, Dougherty JA (eds.). Health Hazards of Nitrite Inhalants. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse. pp. 1–14. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.152.4015. OCLC 18456297. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

qnews.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hirst J (18 October 2018). "LGBTIQ Health Experts Slam Proposed Government Ban On Poppers". QNews. Retrieved 2026-04-09.

reuters.com (Global: 38^th place; English: 30^th place)

in.reuters.com

Storr K (8 July 2014). "More evidence 'poppers' may damage eyesight". Reuters Health. Archived from the original on 2020-08-08. Retrieved 2021-07-06.

rochester.edu (Global: 2,816^th place; English: 1,888^th place)

urresearch.rochester.edu

Wood RW (19 April 1988). "The acute toxicity of nitrite inhalants". NIDA Research Monograph. 83: 28–38. PMID 3140020.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Romanelli F, Smith KM, Thornton AC, Pomeroy C (January 2004). "Poppers: epidemiology and clinical management of inhaled nitrite abuse". Pharmacotherapy. 24 (1): 69–78. doi:10.1592/phco.24.1.69.34801. PMID 14740789. S2CID 44991387.
Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". The Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–1053. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–1053. Bibcode:2007Lanc..369.1047N. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4. PMID 17382831. S2CID 5903121.
Stalnikowicz R, Amitai Y, Bentur Y (2004). "Aphrodisiac drug-induced hemolysis". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 42 (3): 313–316. doi:10.1081/clt-120037435. PMID 15362601. S2CID 9389458.
Pahlitzsch M, Mai C, Joussen AM, Bergholz R (2016). "Poppers Maculopathy: Complete Restitution of Macular Changes in OCT after Drug Abstinence". Seminars in Ophthalmology. 31 (5): 479–484. doi:10.3109/08820538.2014.962175. PMID 25398125. S2CID 7780239.
Bral NO, Marinkovic M, Leroy BP, Hoornaert K, van Lint M, ten Tusscher MP (February 2016). "Do not turn a blind eye to alkyl nitrite (poppers)!". Acta Ophthalmologica. 94 (1): e82–e83. doi:10.1111/aos.12753. PMID 25975842. S2CID 39061955.
Gruener AM, Jeffries MA, El Housseini Z, Whitefield L (November 2014). "Poppers maculopathy". Lancet. 384 (9954): 1606. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60887-4. PMID 24954683. S2CID 8083375.
Duesberg P, Koehnlein C, Rasnick D (June 2003). "The chemical bases of the various AIDS epidemics: recreational drugs, anti-viral chemotherapy and malnutrition". Journal of Biosciences. 28 (4): 383–412. doi:10.1007/BF02705115. PMID 12799487. S2CID 56553.
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Poppers (English Wikipedia)

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