Positional asphyxia (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Positional asphyxia" in English language version.

Last modified: 20:51:53, 24 February 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

1211worldcat.org

4^th place

1212nih.gov

5^th place

99doi.org

2^nd place

32ncjrs.gov

8,832^nd place

5,507^th place

22semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

22web.archive.org

1^st place

22thebureauinvestigates.com

low place

21nytimes.com

7^th place

11psu.edu

299^th place

159^th place

11twincities.com

3,111^th place

1,544^th place

11salon.com

683^rd place

407^th place

11inquirer.com

1,419^th place

693^rd place

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Reay, D. T.; Fligner, C. L.; Stilwell, A. D.; Arnold, J. (June 1992). "Positional asphyxia during law enforcement transport". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 13 (2): 90–97. doi:10.1097/00000433-199206000-00002. ISSN 0195-7910. PMID 1510077.
Stratton, S. J.; Rogers, C.; Green, K. (May 1995). "Sudden death in individuals in hobble restraints during paramedic transport". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 25 (5): 710–712. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70187-7. ISSN 0196-0644. PMID 7741355.
Hick, J. L.; Smith, S. W.; Lynch, M. T. (March 1999). "Metabolic acidosis in restraint-associated cardiac arrest: a case series". Academic Emergency Medicine. 6 (3): 239–243. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00164.x. ISSN 1069-6563. PMID 10192677.
Chan, T. C.; Vilke, G. M.; Neuman, T.; Clausen, J. L. (November 1997). "Restraint position and positional asphyxia". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 30 (5): 578–586. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(97)70072-6. ISSN 0196-0644. PMID 9360565.
Parkes, John; Carson, Ray (April 1, 2008). "Sudden death during restraint: do some positions affect lung function?". Medicine, Science and the Law. 48 (2): 137–141. doi:10.1258/rsmmsl.48.2.137. ISSN 0025-8024. PMID 18533573. S2CID 46557450.
Stratton, S. J.; Rogers, C.; Brickett, K.; Gruzinski, G. (May 2001). "Factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 19 (3): 187–191. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.620.1614. doi:10.1053/ajem.2001.22665. ISSN 0735-6757. PMID 11326341. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Parkes, John; Thake, Doug; Price, Mike (July 2011). "Effect of seated restraint and body size on lung function". Medicine, Science, and the Law. 51 (3): 177–181. doi:10.1258/msl.2011.010148. ISSN 0025-8024. PMID 21905575. S2CID 28631704.
Byard, Roger W.; Wick, Regula; Gilbert, John D. (October 2008). "Conditions and circumstances predisposing to death from positional asphyxia in adults". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 15 (7): 415–419. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2008.01.001. ISSN 1752-928X. PMID 18761306.
Thach, Bradley (February 2008). "Tragic and sudden death. Potential and proven mechanisms causing sudden infant death syndrome". EMBO Reports. 9 (2): 114–118. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401163. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 2246416. PMID 18246101.

inquirer.com (Global: 1,419^th place; English: 693^rd place)

"Medical examiner says a fall killed John Marzano". Philadelphia Inquirer. July 18, 2008.

ncjrs.gov (Global: 8,832^nd place; English: 5,507^th place)

Positional Asphyxia—Sudden Death (PDF) (Report). 1995.
Reay, D.T. (1996). "Suspect Restraint and Sudden Death". Law Enforcement Bulletin. Quantico, Virginia. via Federal Bureau of Investigation

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Reay, D. T.; Fligner, C. L.; Stilwell, A. D.; Arnold, J. (June 1992). "Positional asphyxia during law enforcement transport". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 13 (2): 90–97. doi:10.1097/00000433-199206000-00002. ISSN 0195-7910. PMID 1510077.
Stratton, S. J.; Rogers, C.; Green, K. (May 1995). "Sudden death in individuals in hobble restraints during paramedic transport". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 25 (5): 710–712. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70187-7. ISSN 0196-0644. PMID 7741355.
Hick, J. L.; Smith, S. W.; Lynch, M. T. (March 1999). "Metabolic acidosis in restraint-associated cardiac arrest: a case series". Academic Emergency Medicine. 6 (3): 239–243. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00164.x. ISSN 1069-6563. PMID 10192677.
Alshayeb, Hala; Showkat, Arif; Wall, Barry M. (December 2010). "Lactic acidosis in restrained cocaine intoxicated patients". Tennessee Medicine: Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association. 103 (10): 37–39. ISSN 1088-6222. PMID 21186707.
Chan, T. C.; Vilke, G. M.; Neuman, T.; Clausen, J. L. (November 1997). "Restraint position and positional asphyxia". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 30 (5): 578–586. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(97)70072-6. ISSN 0196-0644. PMID 9360565.
Parkes, John; Carson, Ray (April 1, 2008). "Sudden death during restraint: do some positions affect lung function?". Medicine, Science and the Law. 48 (2): 137–141. doi:10.1258/rsmmsl.48.2.137. ISSN 0025-8024. PMID 18533573. S2CID 46557450.
Stratton, S. J.; Rogers, C.; Brickett, K.; Gruzinski, G. (May 2001). "Factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 19 (3): 187–191. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.620.1614. doi:10.1053/ajem.2001.22665. ISSN 0735-6757. PMID 11326341. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Parkes, John; Thake, Doug; Price, Mike (July 2011). "Effect of seated restraint and body size on lung function". Medicine, Science, and the Law. 51 (3): 177–181. doi:10.1258/msl.2011.010148. ISSN 0025-8024. PMID 21905575. S2CID 28631704.
Roeggla, M; Wagner, A; Muellner, M; Bur, A; Roeggla, H; Hirschl, Mm; Laggner, An; Roeggla, G (May 23, 1997). "Cardiorespiratory Consequences to Hobble Restraint". Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 109 (10): 359–61. PMID 9200808.
Byard, Roger W.; Wick, Regula; Gilbert, John D. (October 2008). "Conditions and circumstances predisposing to death from positional asphyxia in adults". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 15 (7): 415–419. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2008.01.001. ISSN 1752-928X. PMID 18761306.
Thach, Bradley (February 2008). "Tragic and sudden death. Potential and proven mechanisms causing sudden infant death syndrome". EMBO Reports. 9 (2): 114–118. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401163. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 2246416. PMID 18246101.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Thach, Bradley (February 2008). "Tragic and sudden death. Potential and proven mechanisms causing sudden infant death syndrome". EMBO Reports. 9 (2): 114–118. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401163. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 2246416. PMID 18246101.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

The Editorial Board (December 4, 2014). "It Wasn't Just the Chokehold". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 8, 2020.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Stratton, S. J.; Rogers, C.; Brickett, K.; Gruzinski, G. (May 2001). "Factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 19 (3): 187–191. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.620.1614. doi:10.1053/ajem.2001.22665. ISSN 0735-6757. PMID 11326341. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

salon.com (Global: 683^rd place; English: 407^th place)

Anderson, Kristina Rebelo. "The uneasy death Of Florence Griffith Joyner". Salon.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Parkes, John; Carson, Ray (April 1, 2008). "Sudden death during restraint: do some positions affect lung function?". Medicine, Science and the Law. 48 (2): 137–141. doi:10.1258/rsmmsl.48.2.137. ISSN 0025-8024. PMID 18533573. S2CID 46557450.
Parkes, John; Thake, Doug; Price, Mike (July 2011). "Effect of seated restraint and body size on lung function". Medicine, Science, and the Law. 51 (3): 177–181. doi:10.1258/msl.2011.010148. ISSN 0025-8024. PMID 21905575. S2CID 28631704.

thebureauinvestigates.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bell, Dan (January 1, 2012). "Police guidelines permit techniques that can kill". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ). Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
Mole, Charlie; Stickler, Angus (February 13, 2012). "Excited delirium case list". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ). Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2020.

twincities.com (Global: 3,111^th place; English: 1,544^th place)

"Cold Spring nursing home cited after resident's bed-rail asphyxiation – Twin Cities". 23 July 2013. Retrieved 2020-06-08.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Bell, Dan (January 1, 2012). "Police guidelines permit techniques that can kill". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ). Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
Mole, Charlie; Stickler, Angus (February 13, 2012). "Excited delirium case list". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ). Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2020.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Reay, D. T.; Fligner, C. L.; Stilwell, A. D.; Arnold, J. (June 1992). "Positional asphyxia during law enforcement transport". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 13 (2): 90–97. doi:10.1097/00000433-199206000-00002. ISSN 0195-7910. PMID 1510077.
The Editorial Board (December 4, 2014). "It Wasn't Just the Chokehold". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
Stratton, S. J.; Rogers, C.; Green, K. (May 1995). "Sudden death in individuals in hobble restraints during paramedic transport". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 25 (5): 710–712. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70187-7. ISSN 0196-0644. PMID 7741355.
Hick, J. L.; Smith, S. W.; Lynch, M. T. (March 1999). "Metabolic acidosis in restraint-associated cardiac arrest: a case series". Academic Emergency Medicine. 6 (3): 239–243. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00164.x. ISSN 1069-6563. PMID 10192677.
Alshayeb, Hala; Showkat, Arif; Wall, Barry M. (December 2010). "Lactic acidosis in restrained cocaine intoxicated patients". Tennessee Medicine: Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association. 103 (10): 37–39. ISSN 1088-6222. PMID 21186707.
Chan, T. C.; Vilke, G. M.; Neuman, T.; Clausen, J. L. (November 1997). "Restraint position and positional asphyxia". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 30 (5): 578–586. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(97)70072-6. ISSN 0196-0644. PMID 9360565.
Parkes, John; Carson, Ray (April 1, 2008). "Sudden death during restraint: do some positions affect lung function?". Medicine, Science and the Law. 48 (2): 137–141. doi:10.1258/rsmmsl.48.2.137. ISSN 0025-8024. PMID 18533573. S2CID 46557450.
Stratton, S. J.; Rogers, C.; Brickett, K.; Gruzinski, G. (May 2001). "Factors associated with sudden death of individuals requiring restraint for excited delirium". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 19 (3): 187–191. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.620.1614. doi:10.1053/ajem.2001.22665. ISSN 0735-6757. PMID 11326341. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Parkes, John; Thake, Doug; Price, Mike (July 2011). "Effect of seated restraint and body size on lung function". Medicine, Science, and the Law. 51 (3): 177–181. doi:10.1258/msl.2011.010148. ISSN 0025-8024. PMID 21905575. S2CID 28631704.
Byard, Roger W.; Wick, Regula; Gilbert, John D. (October 2008). "Conditions and circumstances predisposing to death from positional asphyxia in adults". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 15 (7): 415–419. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2008.01.001. ISSN 1752-928X. PMID 18761306.
Thach, Bradley (February 2008). "Tragic and sudden death. Potential and proven mechanisms causing sudden infant death syndrome". EMBO Reports. 9 (2): 114–118. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7401163. ISSN 1469-221X. PMC 2246416. PMID 18246101.

Positional asphyxia (English Wikipedia)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

inquirer.com (Global: 1,419th place; English: 693rd place)

ncjrs.gov (Global: 8,832nd place; English: 5,507th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)