Positive feedback (English Wikipedia)

Burghardt, Keith; Lerman, Kristina (18 Jan 2022). Emergent Instabilities in Algorithmic Feedback Loops (Report). Cornell University. arXiv:2201.07203.
Holden, Matthew H.; McDonald-Madden, Eve (2017). "High prices for rare species can drive large populations extinct: The anthropogenic Allee effect revisited". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 429: 170–180. arXiv:1703.06736. Bibcode:2017JThBi.429..170H. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.019. PMID 28669883. S2CID 4877874.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Ben Zuckerman & David Jefferson (1996). Human Population and the Environmental Crisis. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-86720-966-2. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06.
Bernard P. Zeigler; Herbert Praehofer; Tag Gon Kim Section (2000). "3.3.2 Feedback in continuous systems". Theory of Modeling and Simulation: Integrating Discrete Event and Continuous Complex Dynamic Systems. Academic Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-12-778455-7. Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. A positive feedback loop is one with an even number of negative influences [around the loop].
S W Amos; R W Amos (2002). Newnes Dictionary of Electronics (4th ed.). Newnes. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-7506-5642-9. Archived from the original on 2017-03-29.
Rudolf F. Graf (1999). Modern Dictionary of Electronics (7th ed.). Newnes. p. 276. ISBN 978-0-7506-9866-5. Archived from the original on 2017-03-29.
Mindell, David A. (2002). Between Human and Machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing before Cybernetics. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6895-5. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06.
Self, Douglas (2009). Audio Power Amplifier Design Handbook. Focal Press. pp. 254–255. ISBN 978-0-240-52162-6. Archived from the original on 2014-01-29.
Azzopardi, Paul V. (2010), Behavioural Technical Analysis, Harriman House Limited, p. 116, ISBN 978-0-85719-068-0, archived from the original on 2017-03-29
S.-Y. Simon Wang; Jin-Ho Yoon; Christopher C. Funk; Robert R. Gillies, eds. (2017). Climate Extremes: Patterns and Mechanisms. Wiley. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-1-119-06803-7.

brianmayguitars.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

May, Brian. "Burns Brian May Tri-Sonic Pickups". House Music & Duck Productions. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2011.

cnx.org (Global: low place; English: 9,494^th place)

Sharma, Bijay Kumar (2009). "Analog Electronics Lecture 4 Part C RC coupled Amplifier Design Procedure". Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2010.

digitaltimes.africa (Global: low place; English: low place)

Benewaa, Dorcas (May 7, 2021). "Social Media And The Dopamine Feedback Loop: Here's How It Affects You". Digital Times. Archived from the original on September 30, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Lopez-Caamal, Fernando; Middleton, Richard H.; Huber, Heinrich (February 2014). "Equilibria and stability of a class of positive feedback loops". Journal of Mathematical Biology. 68 (3): 609–645. doi:10.1007/s00285-013-0644-z. PMID 23358701. S2CID 2954380.
Friis, H. T.; Jensen, A. G. (April 1924), "High Frequency Amplifiers", Bell System Technical Journal, 3 (2): 181–205, Bibcode:1924BSTJ....3..181F, doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1924.tb01354.x
Black, H. S. (January 1934), "Stabilized feed-back amplifiers", Electrical Engineering, 53: 114–120, Bibcode:1934ElEng..53..114B, doi:10.1109/ee.1934.6540374
Hasty, J.; McMillen, D.; Collins, J. J. (2002). "Engineered gene circuits". Nature. 420 (6912): 224–230. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..224H. doi:10.1038/nature01257. PMID 12432407.
Veening, J.; Smits, W. K.; Kuipers, O. P. (2008). "Bistability, Epigenetics, and Bet-Hedging in Bacteria" (PDF). Annual Review of Microbiology. 62 (1): 193–210. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.163002. hdl:11370/59bec46a-4434-4eaa-aaae-03461dd02bbb. PMID 18537474. S2CID 3747871. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
Bagowski, C. P.; Ferrell, J. E. (2001). "Bistability in the JNK cascade". Current Biology. 11 (15): 1176–1182. Bibcode:2001CBio...11.1176B. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00330-X. PMID 11516948. S2CID 526628.
Crespi, B. J. (2004). "Vicious circles: positive feedback in major evolutionary and ecological transitions". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 19 (12): 627–633. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.10.001. PMID 16701324.
Markov, Alexander V.; Korotayev, Andrey V. (2007). "Phanerozoic marine biodiversity follows a hyperbolic trend". Palaeoworld. 16 (4): 311–318. Bibcode:2007Palae..16..311M. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2007.01.002.
Osterholm, Michael T. (2005-05-05). "Preparing for the Next Pandemic". The New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (18): 1839–1842. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.608.6200. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058068. PMID 15872196. S2CID 45893174. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Paul, William E. (September 1993). "Infectious Diseases and the Immune System". Scientific American. 269 (3): 93. Bibcode:1993SciAm.269c..90P. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0993-90. PMID 8211095.
Eissing, Thomas (2014). "Bistability analyses of a caspase activation model for receptor-induced apoptosis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (35): 36892–36897. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404893200. PMID 15208304.
Altszyler, E; Berbeglia, F.; Berbeglia, G.; Van Hentenryck, P. (2017). "Transient dynamics in trial-offer markets with social influence: Trade-offs between appeal and quality". PLOS ONE. 12 (7) e0180040. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1280040A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180040. PMC 5528888. PMID 28746334.
Arthur, W. Brian (1990). "Positive Feedbacks in the Economy". Scientific American. 262 (2): 80. Bibcode:1990SciAm.262b..92A. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0290-92.
Dolgonosov, B.M. (2010). "On the reasons of hyperbolic growth in the biological and human world systems". Ecological Modelling. 221 (13–14): 1702–1709. Bibcode:2010EcMod.221.1702D. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.03.028.
Potapov, Peter; Tyukavina, Alexandra; Turubanova, Svetlana; Hansen, Matthew C.; et al. (21 July 2025). "Unprecedentedly high global forest disturbance due to fire in 2023 and 2024". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122 (30) e2505418122. Bibcode:2025PNAS..12205418P. doi:10.1073/pnas.2505418122. PMC 12318170. PMID 40690667.
Do Vale, Helder Ferreira and Costa, Lilian (2024). "State capitalism in a changing global order: Brazil and China's strategies for greater global influence". Research in Globalization, Volume 9, 100265, ISSN 2590-051X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2024.100265.
Holden, Matthew H.; McDonald-Madden, Eve (2017). "High prices for rare species can drive large populations extinct: The anthropogenic Allee effect revisited". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 429: 170–180. arXiv:1703.06736. Bibcode:2017JThBi.429..170H. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.019. PMID 28669883. S2CID 4877874.

educypedia.be (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sinewave oscillators". EDUCYPEDIA - electronics. Archived from the original on 27 September 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.

electronics-tutorials.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kitchin, Charles. "A Short Wave Regenerative Receiver Project". Archived from the original on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.

electronics-tutorials.ws (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wayne, Storr. "Sequential Logic Basics: SR Flip-Flop". Electronics-Tutorials.ws. Archived from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.

elementy.ru (Global: 5,109^th place; English: low place)

Markov, A.; Korotayev, A. (2008). "Hyperbolic growth of marine and continental biodiversity through the Phanerozoic and community evolution". Journal of General Biology. 69 (3): 175–194. PMID 18677962. Archived from the original on 2009-12-25.

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worldwide.espacenet.com

US 1113149, Armstrong, E. H., "Wireless receiving system", published 1914-10-06

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"CMOS Schmitt Trigger—A Uniquely Versatile Design Component" (PDF). Fairchild Semiconductor Application Note 140. Fairchild Semiconductors. 1975. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Veening, J.; Smits, W. K.; Kuipers, O. P. (2008). "Bistability, Epigenetics, and Bet-Hedging in Bacteria" (PDF). Annual Review of Microbiology. 62 (1): 193–210. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.163002. hdl:11370/59bec46a-4434-4eaa-aaae-03461dd02bbb. PMID 18537474. S2CID 3747871. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2019-09-24.

ipcc.ch (Global: 1,841^st place; English: 1,511^th place)

Fig. TS.17, Technical Summary, Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), Working Group I, IPCC, 2021, p. 96. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
"8.6.3.1 Water Vapour and Lapse Rate - AR4 WGI Chapter 8: Climate Models and their Evaluation". Archived from the original on 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
IPCC. "Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Pg 53" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-02-09. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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sbw.kgi.edu

"Positive Feedback and Bistable Systems" (PDF). University of Washington. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-13. * Non-Hysteretic Switches, Memoryless Switches: These systems have no memory, that is, once the input signal is removed, the system returns to its original state. * Hysteretic Switches, Bistability: Bistable systems, in contrast, have memory. That is, when switched to one state or another, these systems remain in that state unless forced to change back. The light switch is a common example of a bistable system from everyday life. All bistable systems are based around some form of positive feedback loop.

kwilliam-kapp.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

Berger, Sebastian. "Circular Cumulative Causation (CCC) à la Myrdal and Kapp — Political Institutionalism for Minimizing Social Costs" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2011.

labri.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

Strandh, Robert. "Latches and flip-flops". Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2010.

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The Financial Instability Hypothesis Archived 2009-10-09 at the Wayback Machine by Hyman P. Minsky, Working Paper No. 74, May 1992, pp. 6–8

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"Feedback". Glossary. Metadesigners Network. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.

nap.edu (Global: 2,540^th place; English: 1,815^th place)

Understanding Climate Change Feedbacks, U.S. National Academy of Sciences Archived 2012-02-10 at the Wayback Machine

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US NRC (2012), Climate Change: Evidence, Impacts, and Choices, US National Research Council (US NRC), archived from the original on 2016-05-03, p.9. Also available as PDF Archived 2013-02-20 at the Wayback Machine

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

climate.nasa.gov

"The Study of Earth as an Integrated System". nasa.gov. NASA. 2016. Archived from the original on November 2, 2016.

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Lopez-Caamal, Fernando; Middleton, Richard H.; Huber, Heinrich (February 2014). "Equilibria and stability of a class of positive feedback loops". Journal of Mathematical Biology. 68 (3): 609–645. doi:10.1007/s00285-013-0644-z. PMID 23358701. S2CID 2954380.
Hasty, J.; McMillen, D.; Collins, J. J. (2002). "Engineered gene circuits". Nature. 420 (6912): 224–230. Bibcode:2002Natur.420..224H. doi:10.1038/nature01257. PMID 12432407.
Veening, J.; Smits, W. K.; Kuipers, O. P. (2008). "Bistability, Epigenetics, and Bet-Hedging in Bacteria" (PDF). Annual Review of Microbiology. 62 (1): 193–210. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.163002. hdl:11370/59bec46a-4434-4eaa-aaae-03461dd02bbb. PMID 18537474. S2CID 3747871. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
Bagowski, C. P.; Ferrell, J. E. (2001). "Bistability in the JNK cascade". Current Biology. 11 (15): 1176–1182. Bibcode:2001CBio...11.1176B. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00330-X. PMID 11516948. S2CID 526628.
Crespi, B. J. (2004). "Vicious circles: positive feedback in major evolutionary and ecological transitions". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 19 (12): 627–633. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.10.001. PMID 16701324.
Markov, A.; Korotayev, A. (2008). "Hyperbolic growth of marine and continental biodiversity through the Phanerozoic and community evolution". Journal of General Biology. 69 (3): 175–194. PMID 18677962. Archived from the original on 2009-12-25.
Osterholm, Michael T. (2005-05-05). "Preparing for the Next Pandemic". The New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (18): 1839–1842. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.608.6200. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058068. PMID 15872196. S2CID 45893174. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Paul, William E. (September 1993). "Infectious Diseases and the Immune System". Scientific American. 269 (3): 93. Bibcode:1993SciAm.269c..90P. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0993-90. PMID 8211095.
Eissing, Thomas (2014). "Bistability analyses of a caspase activation model for receptor-induced apoptosis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (35): 36892–36897. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404893200. PMID 15208304.
Altszyler, E; Berbeglia, F.; Berbeglia, G.; Van Hentenryck, P. (2017). "Transient dynamics in trial-offer markets with social influence: Trade-offs between appeal and quality". PLOS ONE. 12 (7) e0180040. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1280040A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180040. PMC 5528888. PMID 28746334.
Potapov, Peter; Tyukavina, Alexandra; Turubanova, Svetlana; Hansen, Matthew C.; et al. (21 July 2025). "Unprecedentedly high global forest disturbance due to fire in 2023 and 2024". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122 (30) e2505418122. Bibcode:2025PNAS..12205418P. doi:10.1073/pnas.2505418122. PMC 12318170. PMID 40690667.
Holden, Matthew H.; McDonald-Madden, Eve (2017). "High prices for rare species can drive large populations extinct: The anthropogenic Allee effect revisited". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 429: 170–180. arXiv:1703.06736. Bibcode:2017JThBi.429..170H. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.019. PMID 28669883. S2CID 4877874.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Altszyler, E; Berbeglia, F.; Berbeglia, G.; Van Hentenryck, P. (2017). "Transient dynamics in trial-offer markets with social influence: Trade-offs between appeal and quality". PLOS ONE. 12 (7) e0180040. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1280040A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180040. PMC 5528888. PMID 28746334.
Potapov, Peter; Tyukavina, Alexandra; Turubanova, Svetlana; Hansen, Matthew C.; et al. (21 July 2025). "Unprecedentedly high global forest disturbance due to fire in 2023 and 2024". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122 (30) e2505418122. Bibcode:2025PNAS..12205418P. doi:10.1073/pnas.2505418122. PMC 12318170. PMID 40690667.

nichd.nih.gov

"Teen Friendships More Racially Segregated at Moderately Diverse Schools: Integrated Friendships More Likely at Highly Diverse Schools | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development". www.nichd.nih.gov. 2002-05-28. Retrieved 2024-12-23.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Mulkey, Sachi Kitajima; Stevens, Harry (24 July 2025). "For 1st Time, Fires Are Biggest Threat to Forests' Climate-Fighting Superpower". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 July 2025.

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 1,689^th place; English: 1,562^nd place)

"Positive feedback". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.

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citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Osterholm, Michael T. (2005-05-05). "Preparing for the Next Pandemic". The New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (18): 1839–1842. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.608.6200. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058068. PMID 15872196. S2CID 45893174. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

qz.com (Global: 1,740^th place; English: 1,127^th place)

Loukides, Mike (September 24, 2019). "The biggest problem with social media has nothing to do with free speech". Gizmodo.

rug.nl (Global: 2,629^th place; English: 1,971^st place)

Veening, J.; Smits, W. K.; Kuipers, O. P. (2008). "Bistability, Epigenetics, and Bet-Hedging in Bacteria" (PDF). Annual Review of Microbiology. 62 (1): 193–210. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.163002. hdl:11370/59bec46a-4434-4eaa-aaae-03461dd02bbb. PMID 18537474. S2CID 3747871. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2019-09-24.

scribd.com (Global: 467^th place; English: 428^th place)

US NRC (2012), Climate Change: Evidence, Impacts, and Choices, US National Research Council (US NRC), archived from the original on 2016-05-03, p.9. Also available as PDF Archived 2013-02-20 at the Wayback Machine

sec.gov (Global: 617^th place; English: 437^th place)

"Findings Regarding the Market Events of May 6, 2010" (PDF). 2010-09-30. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 15, 2017.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Lopez-Caamal, Fernando; Middleton, Richard H.; Huber, Heinrich (February 2014). "Equilibria and stability of a class of positive feedback loops". Journal of Mathematical Biology. 68 (3): 609–645. doi:10.1007/s00285-013-0644-z. PMID 23358701. S2CID 2954380.
Veening, J.; Smits, W. K.; Kuipers, O. P. (2008). "Bistability, Epigenetics, and Bet-Hedging in Bacteria" (PDF). Annual Review of Microbiology. 62 (1): 193–210. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.163002. hdl:11370/59bec46a-4434-4eaa-aaae-03461dd02bbb. PMID 18537474. S2CID 3747871. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
Bagowski, C. P.; Ferrell, J. E. (2001). "Bistability in the JNK cascade". Current Biology. 11 (15): 1176–1182. Bibcode:2001CBio...11.1176B. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00330-X. PMID 11516948. S2CID 526628.
Osterholm, Michael T. (2005-05-05). "Preparing for the Next Pandemic". The New England Journal of Medicine. 352 (18): 1839–1842. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.608.6200. doi:10.1056/NEJMp058068. PMID 15872196. S2CID 45893174. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Holden, Matthew H.; McDonald-Madden, Eve (2017). "High prices for rare species can drive large populations extinct: The anthropogenic Allee effect revisited". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 429: 170–180. arXiv:1703.06736. Bibcode:2017JThBi.429..170H. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.019. PMID 28669883. S2CID 4877874.

sustainabilityinstitute.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Donella Meadows, Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System Archived 2013-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, 1999

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Ben Zuckerman & David Jefferson (1996). Human Population and the Environmental Crisis. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-86720-966-2. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06.
Bernard P. Zeigler; Herbert Praehofer; Tag Gon Kim Section (2000). "3.3.2 Feedback in continuous systems". Theory of Modeling and Simulation: Integrating Discrete Event and Continuous Complex Dynamic Systems. Academic Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-12-778455-7. Archived from the original on 2017-01-03. A positive feedback loop is one with an even number of negative influences [around the loop].
S W Amos; R W Amos (2002). Newnes Dictionary of Electronics (4th ed.). Newnes. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-7506-5642-9. Archived from the original on 2017-03-29.
Rudolf F. Graf (1999). Modern Dictionary of Electronics (7th ed.). Newnes. p. 276. ISBN 978-0-7506-9866-5. Archived from the original on 2017-03-29.
"Positive feedback". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
"Feedback". Glossary. Metadesigners Network. Archived from the original on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
Donella Meadows, Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System Archived 2013-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, 1999
Mindell, David A. (2002). Between Human and Machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing before Cybernetics. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6895-5. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06.
Kitchin, Charles. "A Short Wave Regenerative Receiver Project". Archived from the original on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
"Sinewave oscillators". EDUCYPEDIA - electronics. Archived from the original on 27 September 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
Self, Douglas (2009). Audio Power Amplifier Design Handbook. Focal Press. pp. 254–255. ISBN 978-0-240-52162-6. Archived from the original on 2014-01-29.
"CMOS Schmitt Trigger—A Uniquely Versatile Design Component" (PDF). Fairchild Semiconductor Application Note 140. Fairchild Semiconductors. 1975. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
Strandh, Robert. "Latches and flip-flops". Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
Wayne, Storr. "Sequential Logic Basics: SR Flip-Flop". Electronics-Tutorials.ws. Archived from the original on 16 September 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
Sharma, Bijay Kumar (2009). "Analog Electronics Lecture 4 Part C RC coupled Amplifier Design Procedure". Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
May, Brian. "Burns Brian May Tri-Sonic Pickups". House Music & Duck Productions. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
"Positive Feedback and Bistable Systems" (PDF). University of Washington. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-13. * Non-Hysteretic Switches, Memoryless Switches: These systems have no memory, that is, once the input signal is removed, the system returns to its original state. * Hysteretic Switches, Bistability: Bistable systems, in contrast, have memory. That is, when switched to one state or another, these systems remain in that state unless forced to change back. The light switch is a common example of a bistable system from everyday life. All bistable systems are based around some form of positive feedback loop.
Veening, J.; Smits, W. K.; Kuipers, O. P. (2008). "Bistability, Epigenetics, and Bet-Hedging in Bacteria" (PDF). Annual Review of Microbiology. 62 (1): 193–210. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.163002. hdl:11370/59bec46a-4434-4eaa-aaae-03461dd02bbb. PMID 18537474. S2CID 3747871. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-09-24. Retrieved 2019-09-24.
Markov, A.; Korotayev, A. (2008). "Hyperbolic growth of marine and continental biodiversity through the Phanerozoic and community evolution". Journal of General Biology. 69 (3): 175–194. PMID 18677962. Archived from the original on 2009-12-25.
Azzopardi, Paul V. (2010), Behavioural Technical Analysis, Harriman House Limited, p. 116, ISBN 978-0-85719-068-0, archived from the original on 2017-03-29
Benewaa, Dorcas (May 7, 2021). "Social Media And The Dopamine Feedback Loop: Here's How It Affects You". Digital Times. Archived from the original on September 30, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
The Financial Instability Hypothesis Archived 2009-10-09 at the Wayback Machine by Hyman P. Minsky, Working Paper No. 74, May 1992, pp. 6–8
"Findings Regarding the Market Events of May 6, 2010" (PDF). 2010-09-30. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 15, 2017.
Korotayev A. Compact Mathematical Models of World System Development, and How they can Help us to Clarify our Understanding of Globalization Processes Archived 2018-01-06 at the Wayback Machine. Globalization as Evolutionary Process: Modeling Global Change. Edited by George Modelski, Tessaleno Devezas, and William R. Thompson. London: Routledge, 2007. P. 133-160.
Korotayev, A. V., & Malkov, A. S. A Compact Mathematical Model of the World System Economic and Demographic Growth, 1 CE–1973 CE // INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES Volume 10, 2016. P. 200-209 Archived 2018-01-06 at the Wayback Machine.
Berger, Sebastian. "Circular Cumulative Causation (CCC) à la Myrdal and Kapp — Political Institutionalism for Minimizing Social Costs" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
"The Study of Earth as an Integrated System". nasa.gov. NASA. 2016. Archived from the original on November 2, 2016.
Fig. TS.17, Technical Summary, Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), Working Group I, IPCC, 2021, p. 96. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022.
Harris, Nancy; Rose, Melissa (24 July 2025). "World's Forest Carbon Sink Shrank to its Lowest Point in at Least 2 Decades, Due to Fires and Persistent Deforestation". World Resources Institute. Archived from the original on 6 March 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2025. Chart: "Net Forest Carbon Sink (Gt CO2e/yr)"
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Harris, Nancy; Rose, Melissa (24 July 2025). "World's Forest Carbon Sink Shrank to its Lowest Point in at Least 2 Decades, Due to Fires and Persistent Deforestation". World Resources Institute. Archived from the original on 6 March 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2025. Chart: "Net Forest Carbon Sink (Gt CO2e/yr)"

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