Postage stamp (English Wikipedia)

Garfield, Simon (2009). The Error World: An Affair with Stamps. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-15-101396-8.
A History of Victorian Postage by Gerard Cheshire, 2017, ISBN 1445664380, [1] Archived 28 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine
O'Donnell, Kevin; Winger, Larry (1997). Internet for Scientists. CRC Press. p. 19. ISBN 90-5702-222-2.

civilization.ca

"William Dockwra and the Penny Post Service". Canadian Museum of Civilization. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2010.

costofstamps.net

"Cost of Stamps". Archived from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010.

ffestiniograilway.co.uk

"Ffestiniog Railway Co". Archived from the original on 21 April 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2010.

fundinguniverse.com

Pitney-Bowes Postage Meter Company Archived 12 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine Excerpt: (Entering the final decade of the century, PB saw its sales surpass the US$3 billion mark for the first time in company history, topping off at US$3.2 billion in fiscal 1990.

hobbizine.com

values.hobbizine.com

"Hobbizine". Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.

linns.com

"Linn's Stamp News, Refresher Course, Janet Klug". Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
"Linn's Stamp News, Refresher Course". Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2010.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

"The National Archives". Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2010.

norbyhus.dk

"Before the Penny Black, by Ken Lawrence, 1995". Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2010.

nos.nl

"Postzegel niet meer nodig met app". nos.nl (in Dutch). 23 May 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2023.

parliament.uk

api.parliament.uk

"Hansard, 15 December 1837". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 15 December 1837. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
"Hansard 4 Dec 1837". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 4 December 1837. Archived from the original on 2 July 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2009.

postalheritage.org.uk

"James Chalmers essay of 1837". Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
"The British Postal Museum". Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2010.

postalheritage.wordpress.com

"The British Postal Museum & Archive, Rowland Hill's Postal Reforms". Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2010.

rtlnieuws.nl

"Gebruik postzegelcodes PostNL bijna verdrievoudigd". RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 29 December 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2023.

sandafayre.com

"Bhutan – Talking Stamps and Other World Firsts!". Sandafayre (Holdings) Ltd. Archived from the original on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.

seattlepi.com

"First round United States postage stamp on the way, and that's not all..." Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Associated Press. 14 June 2000. Retrieved 22 January 2011.

si.edu

postalmuseum.si.edu

"Smithsonian National Postal Museum". Archived from the original on 27 July 2010. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
"Smithsonian National postal Museum: Early Perforation Machines". Archived from the original on 25 July 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
"Holography: Into the Future". National Postal Museum. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2011.

arago.si.edu

"Smithsonian National Postal Museum". Archived from the original on 24 November 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
National Postal Museum, Charles Toppan & Co. Archived 24 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine,
National Postal Museum Archived 29 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine — Excerpt: Etheridge would have the remainders and reprint rights for the philatelic market. Etheridge sold these rights to Nicholas Seebeck, whose Hamilton Bank Note Company issued Ecuador’s 1892, 1894, and 1895 stamps....

stampcollectingblog.com

"The Stamp Collecting Blog, Seebeck reprints". Archived from the original on 21 January 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2010.

stampdomain.com

Lovrenc Košir stampdomain.com 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012. Archived here.

stamps.org

"Glossary of Terms". American Philatelic Society. 2017. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.

startstampcollecting.net

"The Life and Times of a Stamp Collector". Archived from the original on 31 January 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2010.

uspcs.org

"The U.S. Philatelic Classics Society". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2010.

usps.com

"United States Postal Service". Archived from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
"United States Postal Service / Airmail". Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
"USPS.com". Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2007.

web.archive.org

"The Penny Post revolutionary who transformed how we send letters". BBC. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
"William Dockwra and the Penny Post Service". Canadian Museum of Civilization. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
"New Issues: Technical Details: Lovrenc Košir" Stanley Gibbons, archived on 10 May 2011 by Internet Archive
Lovrenc Košir stampdomain.com 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012. Archived here.
A History of Victorian Postage by Gerard Cheshire, 2017, ISBN 1445664380, [1] Archived 28 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine
"Hansard, 15 December 1837". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 15 December 1837. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
"The British Postal Museum & Archive, Rowland Hill's Postal Reforms". Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
"James Chalmers essay of 1837". Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
"Hansard 4 Dec 1837". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 4 December 1837. Archived from the original on 2 July 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
"British Postal Museum, The Penny Post and After". Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
"Before the Penny Black, by Ken Lawrence, 1995". Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
"Cost of Stamps". Archived from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
"The British Postal Museum". Archived from the original on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
Pitney-Bowes Postage Meter Company Archived 12 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine Excerpt: (Entering the final decade of the century, PB saw its sales surpass the US$3 billion mark for the first time in company history, topping off at US$3.2 billion in fiscal 1990.
"United States Postal Service". Archived from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
"The Life and Times of a Stamp Collector". Archived from the original on 31 January 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
"Smithsonian National Postal Museum". Archived from the original on 27 July 2010. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
"Smithsonian National Postal Museum". Archived from the original on 24 November 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
Miller, Rick (2003) "Refresher Course: Symbols can be useful in identifying stamps" Linn's Stamp News 10 March 2003, archived here by Internet Archive on 28 December 2010
"The U.S. Philatelic Classics Society". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
"Glossary of Terms". American Philatelic Society. 2017. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
"Smithsonian National postal Museum: Early Perforation Machines". Archived from the original on 25 July 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
"Ffestiniog Railway Co". Archived from the original on 21 April 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
"Linn's Stamp News, Refresher Course, Janet Klug". Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
National Postal Museum, Charles Toppan & Co. Archived 24 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine,
"The National Archives". Archived from the original on 1 May 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
"Hobbizine". Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
"Holography: Into the Future". National Postal Museum. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
"Bhutan – Talking Stamps and Other World Firsts!". Sandafayre (Holdings) Ltd. Archived from the original on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
"United States Postal Service / Airmail". Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2010.
"Linn's Stamp News, Refresher Course". Archived from the original on 4 January 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
"USPS.com". Archived from the original on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2007.
"American First Day Cover Society". Archived from the original on 12 September 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
"The Stamp Collecting Blog, Seebeck reprints". Archived from the original on 21 January 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
National Postal Museum Archived 29 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine — Excerpt: Etheridge would have the remainders and reprint rights for the philatelic market. Etheridge sold these rights to Nicholas Seebeck, whose Hamilton Bank Note Company issued Ecuador’s 1892, 1894, and 1895 stamps....

wikimedia.org

commons.wikimedia.org

Photo of two covers bearing the First US Postage stamps showing cancellations