Posts and telecommunications in Lebanon (English Wikipedia)

"Beirut Internet Exchange". www.beirutix.net. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
"Members List". www.beirutix.net. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

blogbaladi.com

"Fiber Optics Finally Coming to Lebanon in 6 Months, Full LTE 4G Coverage Expected in 2 Years". July 2015.

books.google.com

Dictionnaire universel théorique et pratique du commerce et de la navigation: H-Z (in French). Guillaumin. 1861.
Vingt cinq ans d'efforts français au Levant, 1920-1944: ouvrage illustré de 4 cartes, 7 plans ou dessins et 25 photographies (in French). Union des ingénieurs et techniciens de la France combattante. 1944.
O'Zoux, Raymond (1931). Les états du Levant sous mandat français (in French). Éditeur non identifié.
Cahiers de l'Orient (in French). Societé française d'édition et d'impression et de réalisation. 1993.
Benassar (1983). Paix d'Israël au Liban: à l'heure de l'épreuve de force URSS-USA (in French). Editions L'Orient-Le Jour.
International Reference Service. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 1949.
World Trade Information Service. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign Commerce. 1955.
Commerce, United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic (1910). Commerce Reports. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, United States Department of Commerce.
Daily Consular and Trade Reports. Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Manufactures. 1914.
Pelton, Joseph N. Jr; Howkins, J. (11 November 1987). Satellites International Handbook. Macmillan International Higher Education. ISBN 978-1-349-08103-5.
World Trade Information Service. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign Commerce. 1958.
Commerce, United States Bureau of International (1969). Overseas Business Reports. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of International Commerce.
State, United States Department of (1969). Newsletter.
United States Foreign Trade ... Annual. U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration. 1971.
Who's who in Lebanon. Les Editions Publitec. 1980.
Dajani, Nabil H. (1979). Lebanon. International Institute of Communications. ISBN 978-0-904776-09-6.
Randal, Jonathan C. (1990). The Tragedy of Lebanon: Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers and American Bunglers. Hogarth. ISBN 978-0-7012-0909-4.
LEBANON A COUNTRY STUDY. 1989.
Boulos, Jean-Claude (1995). La télé, quelle histoire! (in French). FMA.
Smith, Harvey Henry (1974). Area Handbook for Lebanon. Coauthors: Harvey H. Smith (and Others). U.S. Government Printing Office.
Nötzold, Katharina (10 September 2009). Defining the Nation?: Lebanese Television and Political Elites (1990–2005). BoD – Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3-86596-242-3.

cable-1.net

"CABLE-1.NET". www.cable-1.net. Retrieved 20 December 2021.

cablevision.com.lb

"Cable Vision website".
"Cablevision - About CableVision". www.cablevision.com.lb. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

cedarcom.net

"Cedarcom website".

chez-alice.fr

robert.desert.chez-alice.fr

"BEYROUTH". robert.desert.chez-alice.fr. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
"Les Bureaux". robert.desert.chez-alice.fr. Retrieved 8 January 2022.

cia.gov

CIA World Factbook, 2009.

citytv-lb.com

"City TV". 5 August 2018. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

colnect.com

"Stamp: Arbanieh earth satellite station (Lebanon) (Achievements and Progress) Mi:LB 1125,Sn:LB C637,Yt:LB PA539,Sg:LB 1094". Colnect. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

commsupdate.com

"Lebanon, Cyta sign Europa cable construction MoU, Alexandros capacity agreement". telegeography.com. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"Minister: 4G to cover '85% of Lebanon' by end-March". telegeography.com. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

cyberia.net.lb

"Cyberia (ISP) website".

cyrilla.org

"Law No. 431 of 2002 - Telecommunication Law • Page 8 • CYRILLA: Global Digital Rights Law". cyrilla.org. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

cytaglobal.com

"Cytaglobal". www.cytaglobal.com. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

dailystar.com.lb

"Limited 4G network arrives in Beirut". The Daily Star. 16 May 2013.
"Lebanon ranks fourth in Arab world in bandwidth penetration". The Daily Star. 4 December 2013.
"fttx-to-be-distributed-by-three-companies-ogero-head". The Daily Star. 13 February 2018.

databank.com.lb

"Lebanon Telecom Market Overview and Statistics 2007". www.databank.com.lb. Retrieved 19 December 2021.

datareportal.com

"Lebanon - Individuals Using The Internet (% Of Population)". tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
"Digital in Lebanon: All the Statistics You Need in 2021". DataReportal – Global Digital Insights. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

dcgroup.com

"Data Consult (Managed Services Provider) website".

developingtelecoms.com

O'Grady, Vaughan (19 June 2019). "Lebanon plans to enhance cable links to Europe". Developing Telecoms. Retrieved 30 November 2021.

doi.org

Gelvanovska, Natalija; Rogy, Michel; Rossotto, Carlo Maria (11 February 2014). Broadband Networks in the Middle East and North Africa: Accelerating High-Speed Internet Access. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0112-9. hdl:10986/16680. ISBN 978-1-4648-0112-9.

econet.com.lb

"Eco Net website".

elmerehbi.com

"Lebanon's 2020 Digital Telecom Vision". Ibrahim El Merehbi. 15 July 2015. Retrieved 23 November 2021.

entreprises-coloniales.fr

"Les Entreprises coloniales françaises: Proche-Orient". www.entreprises-coloniales.fr. Retrieved 15 December 2021.

ercim.eu

"RAPPORT SUR L'ETAT DES RESEAUX DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS AU LIBAN". www.ercim.eu. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
"RAPPORT SUR L'ETAT DES RESEAUX DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS AU LIBAN". www.ercim.eu. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"RAPPORT SUR L'ETAT DES RESEAUX DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS AU LIBAN". www.ercim.eu. Retrieved 21 December 2021.

ericsson.com

"Lebanon". www.ericsson.com. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

executive-magazine.com

Sioufi, Maya (8 May 2013). "More than just your mailman". Executive Magazine. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
Zein, Tarek (1 November 2005). "Investcom: Lebanon's Telecom adventurers". Executive Magazine. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
Murray, Livia (8 April 2015). "Four reasons Lebanon's internet is so slow". Executive Magazine. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

facebook.com

"Fibre Optics Lebanon Forum". Facebook.

fanoos.com

"Fiberlink Networks". fanoos.com. Retrieved 20 December 2021.

fiberlinknetworks.net

"Fiberlink Networks website".

freedomhouse.org

"Lebanon: Freedom on the Net 2016 Country Report". Freedom House. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

giswatch.org

"Lebanon | Global Information Society Watch". giswatch.org. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
"Lebanon | Global Information Society Watch". giswatch.org. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"Lebanon | Global Information Society Watch". giswatch.org. Retrieved 10 December 2021.

goethe.de

"The German Post Office in Beirut". @GI_weltweit. Retrieved 8 January 2022.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Gelvanovska, Natalija; Rogy, Michel; Rossotto, Carlo Maria (11 February 2014). Broadband Networks in the Middle East and North Africa: Accelerating High-Speed Internet Access. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0112-9. hdl:10986/16680. ISBN 978-1-4648-0112-9.

huffpost.com

"Ontornet: Lebanese Campaign Against Snail-Paced Internet Service". HuffPost. 28 March 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

icann.org

community.icann.org

Nabil, Bukhalid (8 August 2016). "Lebanese Internet Governance Landscape" (PDF).

icj-cij.org

Cour International de Justice (31 August 1960). "Affaire de la Compagnie du Port, des Quais et des Entrepots de Beyrouth et de la Societe Radio-Orient" (PDF).

idm.net.lb

"IDM - The Internet People". www.idm.net.lb. Retrieved 2 July 2023.

igfarab2015.org

"Khaldoun Farhat". www.igfarab2015.org. Retrieved 22 December 2021.

ipemed.coop

Gonnet, Michel (January 2015). "LibanPost. Un modèle original de développement" (PDF).

itp.net

"Lebanon rolls-out country-wide Ethernet network". ITP. 18 February 2001.

itu.int

"World Telecommunication Development Report 1998". www.itu.int. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"Statistics". ITU. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
"Statistics". ITU. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

jusmundi.com

"Libancell v. Lebanon, Award, 11 July 2005". Jus Mundi. 11 July 2005.

lbdr.org.lb

"History of .lb ccTLD". LBDR LLC. Retrieved 4 January 2022.

lebol.net

"Lebanon OnLine SARL". 7 November 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2021.

lecommercedulevant.com

Daoud, Marie-José (1 January 2010). "IMEWE: la capacité de la bande passante internationale du Liban va être multipliée par vingt". Commerce du Levant (in French). Retrieved 30 November 2021.
Daoud, Marie-Jose (1 January 2010). "IMEWE: la capacité de la bande passante internationale du Liban va être multipliée par vingt". Commerce du Levant (in French). Retrieved 30 November 2021.
"IMEWE: la capacité de la bande passante internationale du Liban va être multipliée par vingt - Marie-José Daoud". Commerce du Levant (in French). 1 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"Haut débit: 350 000 abonnés potentiels - Marine Hardouin". Commerce du Levant (in French). 1 April 2006. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"IMEWE: la capacité de la bande passante internationale du Liban va être multipliée par vingt - Marie-José Daoud". Commerce du Levant (in French). 1 January 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2021.

lemonde.fr

"La guerre des transistors". Le Monde.fr (in French). 23 April 1984. Retrieved 19 January 2022.

libancell.com.lb

"LIBANCELL". www.libancell.com.lb. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
"LIBANCELL". www.libancell.com.lb. Retrieved 19 December 2021.

libanpost.com

"LibanPost | about stamps". www.libanpost.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 17 January 2022.

localiban.org

Localiban. "Jouret El Ballout - Localiban". www.localiban.org. Retrieved 19 December 2021.

lorientlejour.com

"Postes - Le facteur temps, crucial pour le succès du secteur - Lebanon Invest, nouveau partenaire de LibanPost". L'Orient-Le Jour. 5 September 2001. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
"Les 80 ans de Radio-Liban: que reste-t-il de la période dorée ?". L'Orient-Le Jour. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
"Privatisation - Prise en charge par Liban Postes des services postaux Harb: c'est anticonstitutionnel". L'Orient-Le Jour. 23 October 1998. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
"La station de Barouk et l'affaire Ezzeddine au menu de la rencontre Siniora-Mirza". L'Orient-Le Jour. 11 September 2009. Retrieved 10 December 2021.

today.lorientlejour.com

"Mobile telecoms networks down in Nabatieh area". L'Orient Today. 10 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"Residents of Aley area town of Baysour call on authorities to end telecoms outage". L'Orient Today. 15 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"Internet goes down in west Beirut amid diesel shortages". L'Orient Today. 16 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

medialandscapes.org

"Lebanon". Media Landscapes. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
"Lebanon". Media Landscapes. Retrieved 19 January 2022.

mobi.net.lb

"Mobi website".

mom-rsf.org

lebanon.mom-rsf.org

"Economy". Media Ownership Monitor. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
"History". Media Ownership Monitor. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
"Economy". Media Ownership Monitor. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

mpt.gov.lb

"Daring progress" (PDF).
"Progress report 2013" (PDF). mpt.gov.lb. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
"MPT - Lebanon 2020 Digital Telecom Vision". 12 November 2016. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
"Lebanon 2020 Digital Telecom Vision". Archived from the original on 23 January 2016.
"Ministry of Post & Telecoms website".
"وزارة الإتصالات - قوانين". mpt.gov.lb. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

mymada.com

"Mada | About". Retrieved 22 December 2021.

ogero.gov.lb

"OGERO - Company Profile". 6 February 2005. Archived from the original on 6 February 2005. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"Ogero website".
"FTTx Deployment from Ogero's website".
"Lebanon licenses three operators to provide FTTH via Ogero's network". Ogero.gov.lb. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

opensocietyfoundations.org

"Mapping Digital Media: Lebanon". www.opensocietyfoundations.org. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
"Mapping Digital Media: Lebanon". www.opensocietyfoundations.org. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

over-blog.com

"Histoire de la radio Liban Libre". www.over-blog.com. Retrieved 19 January 2022.

persee.fr

Fouchard, Gérard (2009). "Les télécommunications sous-marines en Méditerranée occidentale entre 1850 et 2002". Actes des congrès nationaux des sociétés historiques et scientifiques. 128 (19): 124–138.

pewresearch.org

Mordecai, Mara. "Protests in Lebanon highlight ubiquity of WhatsApp, dissatisfaction with government". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

privacyinternational.org

Privacy International and SMEX (27 January 2019). "State of Privacy Lebanon". {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)

radioliban.gov.lb

Station, Lebanese Radio. "Radio Liban - إذاعة لبنان - FM 98.1 - 98.5 - 96.2 | من نحن". www.radioliban.gov.lb. Retrieved 19 January 2022.

sat-mena.com

"Launching a New ICT Era in Lebanon and the Region". SatMENA. 20 March 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.

siemens.com

new.siemens.com

"Siemens in Lebanon". Siemens Middle East. Retrieved 19 January 2022.

slideshare.net

"The Internet Situation in Lebanon". 4 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
"The internet situation in Lebanon". Ontornet. 4 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011.

sme-lb.com

"SME (Internet Services Provider) website".

smex.org

Fawaz, Jad (24 February 2020). "Lebanese ISPs Lack Transparency". SMEX. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
Fawaz, Jad (24 February 2020). "Lebanese ISPs Lack Transparency". SMEX. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
Kataya, Abed (6 July 2020). "Mapping the telecom outages in Lebanon". SMEX. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

sodetel.net.lb

"Sodetel website".

solidere.com

"Infrastructure | Solidere". Retrieved 2 July 2023.

submarinecablemap.com

"Submarine Cable Map". www.submarinecablemap.com. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
"Submarine Cable Map". www.submarinecablemap.com. Retrieved 30 November 2021.

techiedad.me

"Will Lebanon Get High-Speed Internet?". Techie Dad - Creative Technologist. 22 January 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

telecomreview.com

"Ogero projects bring Lebanon closer to digital economy". www.telecomreview.com. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"Public WiFi and 5G fixed wireless services are now available in Beirut International Airport". telecomreview.com. Retrieved 21 January 2022.

teleliban.com.lb

"About Tele Liban - عن تلفزيون لبنان". www.teleliban.com.lb. Retrieved 23 December 2021.

terra.net.lb

"Terranet website".

the961.com

News·, Grace Hovsepian·Latest (7 June 2017). "It's Official, Lebanon Is Getting Faster And Cheaper Internet!". 961. Retrieved 9 December 2021.

tra.gov.lb

"TRA Liberalization Roadmap" (PDF). Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. 3 April 2008.
"Facts and figures". TRA - Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
"The TRA issues three interim licenses". TRA - Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
"Liberalization Roadmap". TRA - Telecommunications Regulatory Authority. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"TRA - Telecommunications Regulatory Authority". 26 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

tradearabia.com

"Ericsson looks ahead as it celebrates 140 years of innovation". tradearabia.com. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

tripolislaw.com

Zein, Wael (2012). "L'évolution de la notion du service public des télécommunications sous l'effet du mouvement de libéralisation" (PDF).

ul.edu.lb

legallaw.ul.edu.lb

"الجامعة اللبنانية - مركز الابحاث والدراسات في المعلوماتية القانونية ::الأتفاقيات :: Convention entre le haut-Commissaire de la Republique Francaise en Syrie et au Liban et la Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans fil". legallaw.ul.edu.lb. Retrieved 15 December 2021.

wamda.com

"Internet Outage In Lebanon Caused By Cable Upgrade". Wamda. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

web.archive.org

"City TV". 5 August 2018. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"The Internet Situation in Lebanon". 4 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
"OGERO - Company Profile". 6 February 2005. Archived from the original on 6 February 2005. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
"The internet situation in Lebanon". Ontornet. 4 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011.
"MPT - Lebanon 2020 Digital Telecom Vision". 12 November 2016. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
"Lebanon 2020 Digital Telecom Vision". Archived from the original on 23 January 2016.
"Lebanon OnLine SARL". 7 November 2007. Archived from the original on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
"TRA - Telecommunications Regulatory Authority". 26 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
"Beirut Internet Exchange". www.beirutix.net. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
"Members List". www.beirutix.net. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

wise.net.lb

"Moscanet (Wise) website".

worldbank.org

openknowledge.worldbank.org

Gelvanovska, Natalija; Rogy, Michel; Rossotto, Carlo Maria (11 February 2014). Broadband Networks in the Middle East and North Africa: Accelerating High-Speed Internet Access. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0112-9. hdl:10986/16680. ISBN 978-1-4648-0112-9.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Semaan, Bassil (2013). French postal history in Tripoli (1852-1914) in the age of steamships, French influence in the Levant, and the decline of the Ottoman Empire. The Lebanese British Friends of the National Museum. ISBN 978-9953-0-2743-2. OCLC 935150256.
Semaan., Bassil (2009). Seventy years of postal history at the French post office in Beirut = Soixante-dix ans d'histoire postale du bureau de poste Français à Beyrouth. Lebanese British Friends of the National Museum. ISBN 978-9953-0-1478-4. OCLC 663431336.
Najem, Tom (2000). Lebanon's renaissance: the political economy of reconstruction. Reading: Ithaca Press. ISBN 0-86372-252-0. OCLC 47822842.
Gelvanovska, Natalija (2014). Broadband networks in the Middle East and North Africa: accelerating high-speed internet access. Michel Rogy, Carlo Maria Rossotto. Washington, DC. ISBN 978-1-4648-0113-6. OCLC 867284264.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)