William John Macquorn Rankine (1853) "On the general law of the transformation of energy", Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, vol. 3, no. 5, pages 276–280; reprinted in: (1)Philosophical Magazine, series 4, vol. 5, no. 30, pp. 106–117 (February 1853); and (2) W. J. Millar, ed., Miscellaneous Scientific Papers: by W. J. Macquorn Rankine, ... (London, England: Charles Griffin and Co., 1881), part II, pp. 203–208.