Poultry farming (English Wikipedia)

"Compassion in World Farming – Poultry". Ciwf.org.uk. Retrieved October 3, 2018. There are more chickens in the world than any other bird. In fact, more than 50 billion chickens are reared annually as a source of food, for both their meat and their eggs.
"Compassion in World Farming – Poultry". Ciwf.org.uk. Retrieved October 3, 2018. Chickens farmed for meat are called broiler chickens, whilst those farmed for eggs are called egg-laying hens.
"Compassion in World Farming – Egg laying hens". Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"Compassion in World Farming – Poultry – Higher welfare alternatives". Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"Compassion in World Farming – Meat chickens – Welfare issues". Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"Compassion in World Farming – Meat chickens". Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.

cok.net

"Animal Pragmatism: Compassion Over Killing Wants to Make the Anti-Meat Message a Little More Palatable". Washington Post. September 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2009.

consumerreports.org

"Chicken: Arsenic and antibiotics". ConsumerReports.org. Retrieved March 24, 2009.^{[permanent dead link]}

defra.gov.uk

"Defra Code For The Welfare Of Laying Hens" (PDF). Retrieved December 5, 2011.

delawareonline.com

Jonathan Starkey (April 9, 2011). "Delaware business: Chicken companies feeling pinch as corn prices soar". News Journal. Delaware Online. OCLC 38962480. Retrieved April 10, 2011.

dip-slides.com

"Poultry Dipslides Tests". Retrieved March 10, 2016.

doi.org

Deeb, N.; Shlosberg, A.; Cahaner, A. (October 2002). "Genotype-by-environment interaction with broiler genotypes differing in growth rate. 4. Association between responses to heat stress and to cold-induced ascites". Poultry Science. 81 (10): 1454–1462. doi:10.1093/ps/81.10.1454. PMID 12412909.
Mapiye, C.; Mwale, M.; Mupangwa, J. F.; Chimonyo, M.; Foti, R.; Mutenje, M. J. (November 3, 2008). "A Research Review of Village Chicken Production Constraints and Opportunities in Zimbabwe". Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 21 (11): 1680–1688. doi:10.5713/ajas.2008.r.07. ISSN 1011-2367.
Sherwin, C., Richards, G. and Nicol, C. (2010). "A comparison of the welfare of layer hens in four housing systems used in the UK". British Poultry Science. 51 (4): 488–499. doi:10.1080/00071668.2010.502518. PMID 20924842. S2CID 8968010.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
David, B; et al. (2015). "Air Quality in Alternative Housing Systems May Have an Impact on Laying Hen Welfare. Part I—Dust". Animals. 3 (5): 495–511. doi:10.3390/ani5030368. PMC 4598690. PMID 26479370.
Chickens: Layer Housing, Michael C. Appleby, Encyclopedia of Animal Science. doi:10.1081/E-EAS-120019534
Tactacan, G.B.; et al. (April 2009). "Performance and welfare of laying hens in conventional and enriched cages". Poultry Science. 88 (4): 698–707. doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00369. PMID 19276411.
Milella, Annalisa; Cicirelli, Grazia; Distante, Arcangelo (March 7, 2008). "RFID-assisted mobile robot system for mapping and surveillance of indoor environments". Industrial Robot. 35 (2): 143–152. doi:10.1108/01439910810854638. ISSN 0143-991X.
Gentle, M.J. (1992). "Pain in birds". Animal Welfare. 1 (4): 235–247. doi:10.1017/S0962728600015189.
Gentle, M.J.; Hughes, B.O.; Hubrecht, R.C. (1982). "The effect of beak-trimming on food-intake, feeding behaviour and body weight in adult hens". Applied Animal Ethology. 8 (1–2): 147–157. doi:10.1016/0304-3762(82)90140-7.
Duncan, I.J.H.; Slee, G.S.; Seawright, E.; Breward, J. (1989). "Behavioural consequences of partial beak amputation (beak trimming) in poultry". British Poultry Science. 30 (3): 479–488. doi:10.1080/00071668908417172. PMID 2684349.
Gentle, M.J.; Hunter, L.N.; Waddington, D. (1991). "The onset of pain related behaviours following partial beak amputation in the chicken". Neuroscience Letters. 128 (1): 113–116. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(91)90772-l. PMID 1922938. S2CID 37075517.
Gentle, M.J.; Hughes, B.O.; Fox, A.; Waddington, D. (1997). "Behavioural and anatomical consequences of two beak trimming methods in 1- and 10-d-old domestic chicks". British Poultry Science. 38 (5): 453–463. doi:10.1080/00071669708418022. PMID 9510987.
Breward, L.; Gentle, M.J. (1985). "Neuroma formation and abnormal afferent nerve discharges after partial break amputation (beak trimming) in poultry". Experientia. 41 (9): 1132–1134. doi:10.1007/BF01951693. PMID 4043320. S2CID 21290513.
Lunam, C.A.; Glatz, P.C.; Hsu, Y-J. (1996). "The absence of neuromas in beaks of adult hens after conservative trimming at hatch". Australian Veterinary Journal. 74 (1): 46–49. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb13734.x. PMID 8894005.
Kuenzel, W.J. (2001). "Neurobiological basis of sensory perception: welfare implications of beak trimming". Poultry Science. 86 (6): 1273–1282. doi:10.1093/ps/86.6.1273. PMID 17495105.
Jones, F. T. (2007). "A Broad View of Arsenic". Poultry Science. 86 (1): 2–14. doi:10.1093/ps/86.1.2. PMID 17179408.
Havenstein GB, Ferket PR, Qureshi MA (October 2003). "Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets". Poult. Sci. 82 (10): 1509–18. doi:10.1093/ps/82.10.1509. PMID 14601726.
Havenstein GB, Ferket PR, Scheideler SE, Rives DV (December 1994). "Carcass composition and yield of 1991 vs 1957 broilers when fed "typical" 1957 and 1991 broiler diets". Poult. Sci. 73 (12): 1795–804. doi:10.3382/ps.0731795. PMID 7877935.
Gornatti-Churria, Carlos D.; Crispo, Manuela; Shivaprasad, H. L.; Uzal, Francisco A. (November 16, 2017). "Gangrenous dermatitis in chickens and turkeys". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 30 (2). SAGE Publications: 188–196. doi:10.1177/1040638717742435. ISSN 1040-6387. PMC 6505868. PMID 29145799.

earthpolicy.org

Lester R. Brown (2003). "Chapter 8. Raising Land Productivity: Raising protein efficiency". Plan B: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble. NY: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-05859-8.

eggfarmers.ca

Lambert, T (September 19, 2016). "Why 20 years? The realities of transitioning an agriculture supply chain". eggfarmers.ca. Retrieved April 11, 2018.

europa.eu

eur-lex.europa.eu

"European Union Regulation for marketing standards for eggs – page 25". Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC". Retrieved November 15, 2011.

extension.org

articles.extension.org

"Conservations Fact Sheet : Poultry Freezers" (PDF). Natural Resources Conservation Service. April 2016.

poultry.extension.org

"Predator Management for Small and Backyard Poultry Flocks". Cooperative Extension Poultry. Retrieved April 21, 2022.

fao.org

"Protein Sources For The Animal Feed Industry". Fao.org. May 3, 2002. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"Chicken population". Fao.org. Retrieved August 26, 2011.

fass.org

ps.fass.org

Jones, F. T. (2007). "A Broad View of Arsenic". Poultry Science. 86 (1): 2–14. doi:10.1093/ps/86.1.2. PMID 17179408.
Havenstein GB, Ferket PR, Qureshi MA (October 2003). "Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets". Poult. Sci. 82 (10): 1509–18. doi:10.1093/ps/82.10.1509. PMID 14601726.

faunalytics.org

"Global Animal Slaughter Statistics And Charts". Faunalytics. October 10, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2019.

fda.gov

"The Use Of Steroid Hormones For Growth Promotion In Food-Producing Animals"

gao.gov

U.S. General Accountability Office. Workplace Safety and Health: Additional Data Needed to Address Continued Hazards in the Meat and Poultry Industry. GAO-16-337. Washington, D.C. April, 2016.

homesteadchores.com

"How to Select the Perfect Breed of Best Egg Laying Chickens". homesteadchores.com. Retrieved October 5, 2017.

hyline.com

"Performance Records of Hy-Line Grey" (PDF). Retrieved November 18, 2011.^{[permanent dead link]}

isecruelty.com

"Md. Egg Farm Accused of Cruelty". Washington Post. June 6, 2001. Archived from the original on July 26, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.

kentuckyfriedcruelty.com

"Undercover Investigations :: Compassion Over Killing Investigation". Kentucky Fried Cruelty. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2011.

lionsgrip.com

"Chicken Feed: Grass-Fed Chickens & Pastured Poultry". Lions Grip. Retrieved July 6, 2007.

nationalchickencouncil.org

"Animal Welfare For Broiler Chickens". National Chicken Council. Retrieved June 21, 2012.
"Per Capita Consumption of Poultry and Livestock, 1965 to Forecast 2019, in Pounds". The National Chicken Council. Retrieved March 14, 2019.

newscientist.com

Andy Coghlan (February 3, 2018). "A more humane way of slaughtering chickens might get EU approval". New Scientist.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Deeb, N.; Shlosberg, A.; Cahaner, A. (October 2002). "Genotype-by-environment interaction with broiler genotypes differing in growth rate. 4. Association between responses to heat stress and to cold-induced ascites". Poultry Science. 81 (10): 1454–1462. doi:10.1093/ps/81.10.1454. PMID 12412909.
Sherwin, C., Richards, G. and Nicol, C. (2010). "A comparison of the welfare of layer hens in four housing systems used in the UK". British Poultry Science. 51 (4): 488–499. doi:10.1080/00071668.2010.502518. PMID 20924842. S2CID 8968010.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
David, B; et al. (2015). "Air Quality in Alternative Housing Systems May Have an Impact on Laying Hen Welfare. Part I—Dust". Animals. 3 (5): 495–511. doi:10.3390/ani5030368. PMC 4598690. PMID 26479370.
Tactacan, G.B.; et al. (April 2009). "Performance and welfare of laying hens in conventional and enriched cages". Poultry Science. 88 (4): 698–707. doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00369. PMID 19276411.
Duncan, I.J.H.; Slee, G.S.; Seawright, E.; Breward, J. (1989). "Behavioural consequences of partial beak amputation (beak trimming) in poultry". British Poultry Science. 30 (3): 479–488. doi:10.1080/00071668908417172. PMID 2684349.
Gentle, M.J.; Hunter, L.N.; Waddington, D. (1991). "The onset of pain related behaviours following partial beak amputation in the chicken". Neuroscience Letters. 128 (1): 113–116. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(91)90772-l. PMID 1922938. S2CID 37075517.
Gentle, M.J.; Hughes, B.O.; Fox, A.; Waddington, D. (1997). "Behavioural and anatomical consequences of two beak trimming methods in 1- and 10-d-old domestic chicks". British Poultry Science. 38 (5): 453–463. doi:10.1080/00071669708418022. PMID 9510987.
Breward, L.; Gentle, M.J. (1985). "Neuroma formation and abnormal afferent nerve discharges after partial break amputation (beak trimming) in poultry". Experientia. 41 (9): 1132–1134. doi:10.1007/BF01951693. PMID 4043320. S2CID 21290513.
Lunam, C.A.; Glatz, P.C.; Hsu, Y-J. (1996). "The absence of neuromas in beaks of adult hens after conservative trimming at hatch". Australian Veterinary Journal. 74 (1): 46–49. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb13734.x. PMID 8894005.
Kuenzel, W.J. (2001). "Neurobiological basis of sensory perception: welfare implications of beak trimming". Poultry Science. 86 (6): 1273–1282. doi:10.1093/ps/86.6.1273. PMID 17495105.
Jones, F. T. (2007). "A Broad View of Arsenic". Poultry Science. 86 (1): 2–14. doi:10.1093/ps/86.1.2. PMID 17179408.
Havenstein GB, Ferket PR, Qureshi MA (October 2003). "Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets". Poult. Sci. 82 (10): 1509–18. doi:10.1093/ps/82.10.1509. PMID 14601726.
Havenstein GB, Ferket PR, Scheideler SE, Rives DV (December 1994). "Carcass composition and yield of 1991 vs 1957 broilers when fed "typical" 1957 and 1991 broiler diets". Poult. Sci. 73 (12): 1795–804. doi:10.3382/ps.0731795. PMID 7877935.
Gornatti-Churria, Carlos D.; Crispo, Manuela; Shivaprasad, H. L.; Uzal, Francisco A. (November 16, 2017). "Gangrenous dermatitis in chickens and turkeys". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 30 (2). SAGE Publications: 188–196. doi:10.1177/1040638717742435. ISSN 1040-6387. PMC 6505868. PMID 29145799.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Food-Animal Production Practices and Drug Use. National Academies Press (US). 1999. Retrieved February 28, 2016. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
David, B; et al. (2015). "Air Quality in Alternative Housing Systems May Have an Impact on Laying Hen Welfare. Part I—Dust". Animals. 3 (5): 495–511. doi:10.3390/ani5030368. PMC 4598690. PMID 26479370.
Gornatti-Churria, Carlos D.; Crispo, Manuela; Shivaprasad, H. L.; Uzal, Francisco A. (November 16, 2017). "Gangrenous dermatitis in chickens and turkeys". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 30 (2). SAGE Publications: 188–196. doi:10.1177/1040638717742435. ISSN 1040-6387. PMC 6505868. PMID 29145799.

nortoncreekpress.com

Woods, Prince T. (October 2008). "Fresh-Air Poultry Houses". Norton Creek Press. Retrieved April 18, 2012.

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"Predators of Poultry". Ohioline Ohio State University. December 20, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2022.

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"Lives on the Line: The high human cost of chicken". Oxfam America. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
"Lives on the Line" (PDF).

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Castonon, J.R. "History of the Use of Antibiotics" Archived December 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine [Poultry Science, 2011].

poultry.network

Davies, Jake (May 13, 2020). "The cost and returns of slower-growing broilers : Poultry Network". Poultry.network. Retrieved March 18, 2022.

researchgate.net

Yashroy, Rakesh. "Poultry production under Salmonella stress: Infection mechanisms". Research Gate. Retrieved November 18, 2014.

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Ogle, Maureen. "Riots, Rage, and Resistance: A Brief History of How Antibiotics Arrived on the Farm". Scientific American. Sep 3, 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2016.

scribd.com

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semanticscholar.org

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Sherwin, C., Richards, G. and Nicol, C. (2010). "A comparison of the welfare of layer hens in four housing systems used in the UK". British Poultry Science. 51 (4): 488–499. doi:10.1080/00071668.2010.502518. PMID 20924842. S2CID 8968010.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gentle, M.J.; Hunter, L.N.; Waddington, D. (1991). "The onset of pain related behaviours following partial beak amputation in the chicken". Neuroscience Letters. 128 (1): 113–116. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(91)90772-l. PMID 1922938. S2CID 37075517.
Breward, L.; Gentle, M.J. (1985). "Neuroma formation and abnormal afferent nerve discharges after partial break amputation (beak trimming) in poultry". Experientia. 41 (9): 1132–1134. doi:10.1007/BF01951693. PMID 4043320. S2CID 21290513.

smithsonianmag.com

Adler, Jerry; Lawler, Andrew (June 2012). "How the Chicken Conquered the World". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2015.

statista.com

"Global number of chickens by country 2019". Statista. Retrieved April 10, 2021.

theecologist.org

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theguardian.com

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theranger.co.uk

"50% of UK eggs laid by free range hens". The Ranger. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2011.

top5ofanything.com

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ucdavis.edu

agcenter.ucdavis.edu

"WCAHS Ag Health News – Aviary Housing Effects on Worker Health" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 20, 2016.

uepcertified.com

Housing, space, feed and water Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine United Egg Producers

uga.edu

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"Chicken from Farm to Table | USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service". Fsis.usda.gov. April 6, 2011. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"Nationwide Broiler Chicken Microbiological Baseline Data Collection Program July 1994 – June 1995" (PDF). Retrieved November 6, 2012.
"Revised Young Chicken Baseline" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2011.

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wattagnet.com

Roth, Natalia. "How to reduce antibiotic resistance on poultry farms." July 27, 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.

web.archive.org

"Compassion in World Farming – Egg laying hens". Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"50% of UK eggs laid by free range hens". The Ranger. Archived from the original on April 4, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
"Compassion in World Farming – Poultry – Higher welfare alternatives". Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
WSPA International> "Free-range farming and avian flu in Asia" Archived June 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine retrieved July 6, 2007
Housing, space, feed and water Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine United Egg Producers
"Animal Pragmatism: Compassion Over Killing Wants to Make the Anti-Meat Message a Little More Palatable". Washington Post. September 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
"Compassion in World Farming – Meat chickens – Welfare issues". Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"Compassion in World Farming – Meat chickens". Ciwf.org.uk. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"Undercover Investigations :: Compassion Over Killing Investigation". Kentucky Fried Cruelty. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"Md. Egg Farm Accused of Cruelty". Washington Post. June 6, 2001. Archived from the original on July 26, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
Castonon, J.R. "History of the Use of Antibiotics" Archived December 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine [Poultry Science, 2011].
"Chicken from Farm to Table | USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service". Fsis.usda.gov. April 6, 2011. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
"Revised Young Chicken Baseline" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
Adler, Jerry; Lawler, Andrew (June 2012). "How the Chicken Conquered the World". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
"WCAHS Ag Health News – Aviary Housing Effects on Worker Health" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 20, 2016.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Mapiye, C.; Mwale, M.; Mupangwa, J. F.; Chimonyo, M.; Foti, R.; Mutenje, M. J. (November 3, 2008). "A Research Review of Village Chicken Production Constraints and Opportunities in Zimbabwe". Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 21 (11): 1680–1688. doi:10.5713/ajas.2008.r.07. ISSN 1011-2367.
Milella, Annalisa; Cicirelli, Grazia; Distante, Arcangelo (March 7, 2008). "RFID-assisted mobile robot system for mapping and surveillance of indoor environments". Industrial Robot. 35 (2): 143–152. doi:10.1108/01439910810854638. ISSN 0143-991X.
Gornatti-Churria, Carlos D.; Crispo, Manuela; Shivaprasad, H. L.; Uzal, Francisco A. (November 16, 2017). "Gangrenous dermatitis in chickens and turkeys". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 30 (2). SAGE Publications: 188–196. doi:10.1177/1040638717742435. ISSN 1040-6387. PMC 6505868. PMID 29145799.
Jonathan Starkey (April 9, 2011). "Delaware business: Chicken companies feeling pinch as corn prices soar". News Journal. Delaware Online. OCLC 38962480. Retrieved April 10, 2011.

wspa-international.org

WSPA International> "Free-range farming and avian flu in Asia" Archived June 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine retrieved July 6, 2007