Poverty in ancient Rome (English Wikipedia)

Osborne 2006, p. 4. Osborne, Robins (2006), Atkins, Margaret (ed.), "Introduction: Roman poverty in context", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–20, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Morley 2006, p. 29. Morley, Neville (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "The poor in the city of Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–39, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Morley 2006, p. 30. Morley, Neville (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "The poor in the city of Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–39, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Scheidel 2006, pp. 40–41. Scheidel, Walter (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Stratification, deprivation and quality of life", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 40–59, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Scheidel 2006, pp. 41–42. Scheidel, Walter (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Stratification, deprivation and quality of life", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 40–59, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Mouritsen 2001, p. 93. Mouritsen, Henrik (2001). Plebs and Politics in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79100-7.
Mouritsen 2001, p. 94. Mouritsen, Henrik (2001). Plebs and Politics in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79100-7.
Osborne 2006, p. 7. Osborne, Robins (2006), Atkins, Margaret (ed.), "Introduction: Roman poverty in context", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–20, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Mouritsen 2001, p. 91. Mouritsen, Henrik (2001). Plebs and Politics in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79100-7.
Scheidel 2006, p. 43. Scheidel, Walter (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Stratification, deprivation and quality of life", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 40–59, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Morley 2006, p. 32. Morley, Neville (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "The poor in the city of Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–39, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Scheidel 2006, pp. 45–46. Scheidel, Walter (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Stratification, deprivation and quality of life", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 40–59, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Osborne 2006, pp. 4–5. Osborne, Robins (2006), Atkins, Margaret (ed.), "Introduction: Roman poverty in context", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–20, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Osborne 2006, p. 5. Osborne, Robins (2006), Atkins, Margaret (ed.), "Introduction: Roman poverty in context", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–20, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Morley 2006, p. 26. Morley, Neville (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "The poor in the city of Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–39, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Scheidel 2006, p. 49. Scheidel, Walter (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Stratification, deprivation and quality of life", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 40–59, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Scheidel 2019, p. 4. Scheidel, Walter (2019). "Roman wealth and wealth inequality in comparative perspective". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 33: 341–353. doi:10.1017/S104775942000104X. ISSN 1047-7594.
Bagnall 1992, p. 130. Bagnall, Roger S. (1992). "Landholding in Late Roman Egypt: The Distribution of Wealth". The Journal of Roman Studies. 82: 128–149. doi:10.2307/301288. ISSN 1753-528X. JSTOR 301288.
Bagnall 1992, p. 131. Bagnall, Roger S. (1992). "Landholding in Late Roman Egypt: The Distribution of Wealth". The Journal of Roman Studies. 82: 128–149. doi:10.2307/301288. ISSN 1753-528X. JSTOR 301288.
Scheidel 2019, p. 2. Scheidel, Walter (2019). "Roman wealth and wealth inequality in comparative perspective". Journal of Roman Archaeology. 33: 341–353. doi:10.1017/S104775942000104X. ISSN 1047-7594.
Bagnall 1992, p. 132. Bagnall, Roger S. (1992). "Landholding in Late Roman Egypt: The Distribution of Wealth". The Journal of Roman Studies. 82: 128–149. doi:10.2307/301288. ISSN 1753-528X. JSTOR 301288.
Bagnall 1992, p. 134. Bagnall, Roger S. (1992). "Landholding in Late Roman Egypt: The Distribution of Wealth". The Journal of Roman Studies. 82: 128–149. doi:10.2307/301288. ISSN 1753-528X. JSTOR 301288.
Bagnall 1992, p. 135. Bagnall, Roger S. (1992). "Landholding in Late Roman Egypt: The Distribution of Wealth". The Journal of Roman Studies. 82: 128–149. doi:10.2307/301288. ISSN 1753-528X. JSTOR 301288.
Bagnall 1992, p. 136. Bagnall, Roger S. (1992). "Landholding in Late Roman Egypt: The Distribution of Wealth". The Journal of Roman Studies. 82: 128–149. doi:10.2307/301288. ISSN 1753-528X. JSTOR 301288.
Duncan-Jones 1976, p. 7. Duncan-Jones, Richard (1976), "Some Configurations of Landholding in the Roman Empire", in Finley, Moses I. (ed.), Studies in Roman Property: By the Cambridge University Research Seminar in Ancient History, Cambridge Classical Studies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7–34, ISBN 978-0-521-21115-4, retrieved July 3, 2024
Duncan-Jones 1976, p. 23. Duncan-Jones, Richard (1976), "Some Configurations of Landholding in the Roman Empire", in Finley, Moses I. (ed.), Studies in Roman Property: By the Cambridge University Research Seminar in Ancient History, Cambridge Classical Studies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7–34, ISBN 978-0-521-21115-4, retrieved July 3, 2024
Woolf 2006, p. 86. Woolf, Greg (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Writing poverty in Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–99, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Woolf 2006, p. 88. Woolf, Greg (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Writing poverty in Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–99, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Woolf 2006, p. 89. Woolf, Greg (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Writing poverty in Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–99, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Woolf 2006, p. 90. Woolf, Greg (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Writing poverty in Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–99, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Woolf 2006, p. 92. Woolf, Greg (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Writing poverty in Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–99, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Woolf 2006, p. 93. Woolf, Greg (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Writing poverty in Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–99, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Morley 2006, p. 35. Morley, Neville (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "The poor in the city of Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–39, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Morley 2006, p. 27. Morley, Neville (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "The poor in the city of Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–39, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Parkin 2006, p. 67. Parkin, Anneliese (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "'You do him no service': an exploration of pagan almsgiving", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 60–82, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Woolf 2006, p. 95. Woolf, Greg (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Writing poverty in Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–99, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Woolf 2006, p. 84. Woolf, Greg (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Writing poverty in Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 83–99, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, pp. 186–187. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, p. 187. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, p. 184. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, p. 186. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Lunn-Rockliffe 2006, p. 124. Lunn-Rockliffe, Sophie (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "A pragmatic approach to poverty and riches: Ambrosiaster's quaestio 124", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 115–129, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, p. 201. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, p. 202. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, pp. 188–189. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, p. 188. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Osborne 2006, pp. 9–10. Osborne, Robins (2006), Atkins, Margaret (ed.), "Introduction: Roman poverty in context", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–20, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Duncan-Jones 1964, pp. 123–124. Duncan-Jones, Richard (1964). "The Purpose and Organisation of the Alimenta". Papers of the British School at Rome. 32 (1): 123–146. doi:10.1017/S0068246200007261. ISSN 2045-239X. S2CID 155933416.
Duncan-Jones 1964, p. 144. Duncan-Jones, Richard (1964). "The Purpose and Organisation of the Alimenta". Papers of the British School at Rome. 32 (1): 123–146. doi:10.1017/S0068246200007261. ISSN 2045-239X. S2CID 155933416.
Humfress 2006, p. 191. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, p. 192. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Humfress 2006, p. 195. Humfress, Caroline (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and Roman law", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183–203, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Kjær 2019, pp. 42–65. Kjær, Lars (2019). The Medieval Gift and the Classical Tradition: Ideals and the Performance of Generosity in Medieval England, 1100–1300. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-42402-8.
Kjær 2019, pp. 121–159. Kjær, Lars (2019). The Medieval Gift and the Classical Tradition: Ideals and the Performance of Generosity in Medieval England, 1100–1300. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-42402-8.
Parkin 2006, p. 64. Parkin, Anneliese (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "'You do him no service': an exploration of pagan almsgiving", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 60–82, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Parkin 2006, p. 66. Parkin, Anneliese (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "'You do him no service': an exploration of pagan almsgiving", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 60–82, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Parkin 2006, p. 72. Parkin, Anneliese (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "'You do him no service': an exploration of pagan almsgiving", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 60–82, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Scheidel 2006, p. 40. Scheidel, Walter (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Stratification, deprivation and quality of life", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 40–59, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Parkin 2006, p. 76. Parkin, Anneliese (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "'You do him no service': an exploration of pagan almsgiving", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 60–82, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Parkin 2006, pp. 74–75. Parkin, Anneliese (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "'You do him no service': an exploration of pagan almsgiving", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 60–82, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Osborne 2006, p. 9. Osborne, Robins (2006), Atkins, Margaret (ed.), "Introduction: Roman poverty in context", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–20, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Scheidel 2006, p. 42. Scheidel, Walter (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Stratification, deprivation and quality of life", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 40–59, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Galen. De alimentorum facultatibus. 1.3.
Morley 2006, p. 33. Morley, Neville (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "The poor in the city of Rome", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 21–39, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Finn 2006, p. 134. Finn, Richard (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Portraying the poor: descriptions of poverty in Christian texts from the late Roman empire", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 130–144, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Finn 2006, p. 133. Finn, Richard (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Portraying the poor: descriptions of poverty in Christian texts from the late Roman empire", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 130–144, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Lunn-Rockliffe 2006, p. 116. Lunn-Rockliffe, Sophie (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "A pragmatic approach to poverty and riches: Ambrosiaster's quaestio 124", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 115–129, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Grig 2006, p. 146. Grig, Lucy (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Throwing parties for the poor: poverty and splendour in the late antique church", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 145–161, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 4, 2024
Grig 2006, p. 147. Grig, Lucy (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Throwing parties for the poor: poverty and splendour in the late antique church", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 145–161, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 4, 2024
Rathbone 2006, p. 101. Rathbone, Dominic (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "Poverty and population in Roman Egypt", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 100–114, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Lunn-Rockliffe 2006, pp. 122–123. Lunn-Rockliffe, Sophie (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "A pragmatic approach to poverty and riches: Ambrosiaster's quaestio 124", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 115–129, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
Lunn-Rockliffe 2006, p. 122. Lunn-Rockliffe, Sophie (2006), Atkins, Margaret; Osborne, Robin (eds.), "A pragmatic approach to poverty and riches: Ambrosiaster's quaestio 124", Poverty in the Roman World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 115–129, ISBN 978-0-521-86211-0, retrieved August 1, 2024
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degruyter.com (Global: 1,425^th place; English: 1,138^th place)

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doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Temin 2006, p. 136. Temin, Peter (2006). "The Economy of the Early Roman Empire". The Journal of Economic Perspectives. 20 (1): 133–151. doi:10.1257/089533006776526148. ISSN 0895-3309. JSTOR 30033637.
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Liu 2017, p. 38. Liu, Jinyu (2017). "Urban Poverty in the Roman Empire: Material Conditions". In Blanton, Thomas; Pickett, Raymond (eds.). Paul and Economics: A Handbook. 1517 Media. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1kgqtgr. ISBN 978-1-5064-0603-9. JSTOR j.ctt1kgqtgr.
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gutenberg.org (Global: 489^th place; English: 377^th place)

Horace. Epistles. 1.17.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

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