Power factor (English Wikipedia)

Ewald Fuchs; Mohammad A. S. Masoum (14 July 2015). Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines. Elsevier Science. pp. 432–. ISBN 978-0-12-800988-8. The DPF is the cosine of the angle between these two quantities

doi.org

Duddell, W. (1901), "On the resistance and electromotive forces of the electric arc", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 203 (359–371): 512–15, doi:10.1098/rsta.1904.0022, The fact that the solid arc has, at low frequencies, a negative power factor, indicates that the arc is supplying power to the alternator…
Zhang, S. (July 2006), "Analysis of some measurement issues in bushing power factor tests in the field", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21 (3): 1350–56, doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2006.874616, S2CID 39895367, …(the measurement) gives both negative power factor and negative resistive current (power loss)
Almarshoud, A. F.; et al. (2004), "Performance of Grid-Connected Induction Generator under Naturally Commutated AC Voltage Controller", Electric Power Components and Systems, 32 (7): 691–700, doi:10.1080/15325000490461064, S2CID 110279940, Accordingly, the generator will consume active power from the grid, which leads to negative power factor.
Wolfle, W.H.; Hurley, W.G. (2003), "Quasi-active power factor correction with a variable inductive filter: theory, design and practice", Xplore, vol. 18, no. 1, IEEE, pp. 248–255, Bibcode:2003ITPE...18..248W, doi:10.1109/TPEL.2002.807135
Sugawara, I.; Suzuki, Y.; Takeuchi, A.; Teshima, T. (19–23 Oct 1997), "Experimental studies on active and passive PFC circuits", INTELEC 97, 19th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, pp. 571–78, doi:10.1109/INTLEC.1997.646051, ISBN 978-0-7803-3996-5, S2CID 109885369
Chavez, C.; Houdek, J. A. "Dynamic Harmonic Mitigation and power factor correction". EPQU'07. 9th International Conference Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation: October 9–11, 2007, Barcelona, Spain. IEEE. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1109/EPQU.2007.4424144. ISBN 978-84-690-9441-9.

ecmweb.com

Sankaran, C. (1999), Effects of Harmonics on Power Systems, Electro-Test, ...and voltage-time relationship deviates from the pure sine function. The distortion at the point of generation is very small (about 1% to 2%), but nonetheless it exists.
Sankaran, C. (1999), "Transformers", Effects of Harmonics on Power Systems, Electro-Test
Sankaran, C. (1999), "Motors", Effects of Harmonics on Power Systems, Electro-Test, The interaction between the positive and negative sequence magnetic fields and currents produces torsional oscillations of the motor shaft. These oscillations result in shaft vibrations.

electricalclassroom.com

"Power Factor – Importance, Calculation and Correction techniques". 23 November 2018.

electronicproducts.com

www2.electronicproducts.com

Brooks, Tom (Mar 2004), "PFC options for power supplies", Taiyo, Electronic products, archived from the original on 2008-12-02, The disadvantages of passive PFC techniques are that they typically yield a power factor of only 0.60 to 0.70 […] Dual-stage active PFC technology [yields] a power factor typically greater than 0.98

energylogix.ca

"Harmonic Effects" (PDF), Harmonics and IEEE 519, CA: EnergyLogix Solutions

energystar.gov

Program Requirements for Computers (PDF) (Version 5.0 ed.), US: Energy Star
Bolioli, T.; Duggirala, M.; Haines, E.; Kolappan, R.; Wong, H. (2009), Version 5.0 System Implementation (PDF) (white paper), Energy Star, archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09

fairchildsemi.com

Power Factor Correction (PFC) Basics (PDF) (application note), Fairchild Semiconductor, 2004, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-11, retrieved 2009-11-29

findarticles.com

The Active PFC Market is Expected to Grow at an Annually Rate of 12.3% Till 2011, Find articles, Mar 16, 2006, archived from the original on September 1, 2009, Higher-powered products are also likely to use active PFC, since it would be the most cost effective way to bring products into compliance with the EN standard.

ghostarchive.org

Bolioli, T.; Duggirala, M.; Haines, E.; Kolappan, R.; Wong, H. (2009), Version 5.0 System Implementation (PDF) (white paper), Energy Star, archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09
"Fluke 1760 Three-Phase Power Quality Recorder" (PDF). Fluke Corporation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 6 November 2017.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Wolfle, W.H.; Hurley, W.G. (2003), "Quasi-active power factor correction with a variable inductive filter: theory, design and practice", Xplore, vol. 18, no. 1, IEEE, pp. 248–255, Bibcode:2003ITPE...18..248W, doi:10.1109/TPEL.2002.807135

iec.ch

"SI Units – Electricity and Magnetism". CH: International Electrotechnical Commission. Archived from the original on 2007-12-11. Retrieved 14 June 2013.

ni.com

"The Fundamentals of FFT-Based Signal Analysis and Measurement in LabVIEW and LabWindows/CVI". National Instruments Corporation. Retrieved 6 November 2017.

nuigalway.ie

Wölfle, W. H.; Hurley, W. G., "Quasi-active Power Factor Correction: The Role of Variable Inductance", Power electronics (project), IE: Nuigalway, archived from the original on 2020-08-06, retrieved 2008-11-05

nuvation.com

Schramm, Ben (Fall 2006), "Power Supply Design Principles: Techniques and Solutions, Part 3", Newsletter, Nuvation, archived from the original on 2007-03-09

onsemi.com

Power Factor Correction Handbook (PDF), ON Semiconductor, 2007

pge.com

"Single-phase load harmonics vs. three-phase load harmonics" (PDF), Power System Harmonics, Pacific Gas and Electric, archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24, retrieved 2013-11-26

powerstandards.com

Trial-Use Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions, IEEE, 2000, ISBN 978-0-7381-1963-2, Std. 1459–2000. Note 1, section 3.1.1.1, when defining the quantities for power factor, asserts that real power only flows to the load and can never be negative. As of 2013, one of the authors acknowledged that this note was incorrect, and is being revised for the next edition. See http://powerstandards.com/Shymanski/draft.pdf Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Zhang, S. (July 2006), "Analysis of some measurement issues in bushing power factor tests in the field", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21 (3): 1350–56, doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2006.874616, S2CID 39895367, …(the measurement) gives both negative power factor and negative resistive current (power loss)
Almarshoud, A. F.; et al. (2004), "Performance of Grid-Connected Induction Generator under Naturally Commutated AC Voltage Controller", Electric Power Components and Systems, 32 (7): 691–700, doi:10.1080/15325000490461064, S2CID 110279940, Accordingly, the generator will consume active power from the grid, which leads to negative power factor.
Sugawara, I.; Suzuki, Y.; Takeuchi, A.; Teshima, T. (19–23 Oct 1997), "Experimental studies on active and passive PFC circuits", INTELEC 97, 19th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, pp. 571–78, doi:10.1109/INTLEC.1997.646051, ISBN 978-0-7803-3996-5, S2CID 109885369

silverstonetek.com

Why we need PFC in PSU, Silverstone Technology, archived from the original on 2008-12-22, Normally, the power factor value of electronic device without power factor correction is approximately 0.5. […] Passive PFC […] 70~80% […] Active PFC […] 90~99.9%

techarp.com

Power Factor Correction, TECHarp, Passive PFC […] the power factor is low at 60–80%. […] Active PFC ... a power factor of up to 95%

testequity.com

cdn.testequity.com

"Fluke 1760 Three-Phase Power Quality Recorder" (PDF). Fluke Corporation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 6 November 2017.

web.archive.org

"SI Units – Electricity and Magnetism". CH: International Electrotechnical Commission. Archived from the original on 2007-12-11. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
The International System of Units (SI) [SI brochure] (PDF). § 5.3.2 (p. 132, 40 in the PDF file): BIPM. 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-19.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
Trial-Use Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions, IEEE, 2000, ISBN 978-0-7381-1963-2, Std. 1459–2000. Note 1, section 3.1.1.1, when defining the quantities for power factor, asserts that real power only flows to the load and can never be negative. As of 2013, one of the authors acknowledged that this note was incorrect, and is being revised for the next edition. See http://powerstandards.com/Shymanski/draft.pdf Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
"Single-phase load harmonics vs. three-phase load harmonics" (PDF), Power System Harmonics, Pacific Gas and Electric, archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24, retrieved 2013-11-26
Schramm, Ben (Fall 2006), "Power Supply Design Principles: Techniques and Solutions, Part 3", Newsletter, Nuvation, archived from the original on 2007-03-09
Wölfle, W. H.; Hurley, W. G., "Quasi-active Power Factor Correction: The Role of Variable Inductance", Power electronics (project), IE: Nuigalway, archived from the original on 2020-08-06, retrieved 2008-11-05
ATX Power Supply Units Roundup, xBit labs, archived from the original on 2008-11-20, The power factor is the measure of reactive power. It is the ratio of active power to the total of active and reactive power. It is about 0.65 with an ordinary PSU, but PSUs with active PFC have a power factor of 0.97–0.99. […] hardware reviewers sometimes make no difference between the power factor and the efficiency factor. Although both these terms describe the effectiveness of a power supply, it is a gross mistake to confuse them. […] There is a very small effect from passive PFC – the power factor grows only from 0.65 to 0.7–0.75.
The Active PFC Market is Expected to Grow at an Annually Rate of 12.3% Till 2011, Find articles, Mar 16, 2006, archived from the original on September 1, 2009, Higher-powered products are also likely to use active PFC, since it would be the most cost effective way to bring products into compliance with the EN standard.
Why we need PFC in PSU, Silverstone Technology, archived from the original on 2008-12-22, Normally, the power factor value of electronic device without power factor correction is approximately 0.5. […] Passive PFC […] 70~80% […] Active PFC […] 90~99.9%
Brooks, Tom (Mar 2004), "PFC options for power supplies", Taiyo, Electronic products, archived from the original on 2008-12-02, The disadvantages of passive PFC techniques are that they typically yield a power factor of only 0.60 to 0.70 […] Dual-stage active PFC technology [yields] a power factor typically greater than 0.98
Power Factor Correction (PFC) Basics (PDF) (application note), Fairchild Semiconductor, 2004, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-06-11, retrieved 2009-11-29
"WT3000E Series Precision Power Analyzers" (PDF). Yokogawa Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.

xbitlabs.com

ATX Power Supply Units Roundup, xBit labs, archived from the original on 2008-11-20, The power factor is the measure of reactive power. It is the ratio of active power to the total of active and reactive power. It is about 0.65 with an ordinary PSU, but PSUs with active PFC have a power factor of 0.97–0.99. […] hardware reviewers sometimes make no difference between the power factor and the efficiency factor. Although both these terms describe the effectiveness of a power supply, it is a gross mistake to confuse them. […] There is a very small effect from passive PFC – the power factor grows only from 0.65 to 0.7–0.75.

yokogawa.co.jp

"WT3000E Series Precision Power Analyzers" (PDF). Yokogawa Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.