Predestination (English Wikipedia)

Acts 13:48, Eph. 1:4–11, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 585–589, section "The Doctrine of Eternal Election: 1. The Definition of the Term", and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 124–128, Part XXXI. "The Election of Grace", paragraph 176.
2 Thess. 2:13, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 589–593, section "The Doctrine of Eternal Election: 2. How Believers are to Consider Their Election, and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 127–128, Part XXXI. "The Election of Grace", paragraph 180.
1 Tim. 2:4, 2 Pet. 3:9, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, and Engelder's Popular Symbolics, Part XXXI. The Election of Grace, pp. 124–128.
Hos. 13:9, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. p. 637, section "The Doctrine of the Last Things (Eschatology), part 7. "Eternal Damnation", and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 135–136, Part XXXIX. "Eternal Death", paragraph 196.
Calvin 1845, 3.21.7. Calvin, John (1845). Institutes of the Christian Religion; a New Translation by Henry Beveridge. Vol. 2, books 2, 3. Translated by Henry Beveridge. Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society.

biblegateway.com (Global: 888^th place; English: 1,110^th place)

Acts 13:48, Eph. 1:4–11, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 585–589, section "The Doctrine of Eternal Election: 1. The Definition of the Term", and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 124–128, Part XXXI. "The Election of Grace", paragraph 176.
2 Thess. 2:13, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 589–593, section "The Doctrine of Eternal Election: 2. How Believers are to Consider Their Election, and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 127–128, Part XXXI. "The Election of Grace", paragraph 180.
1 Tim. 2:4, 2 Pet. 3:9, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, and Engelder's Popular Symbolics, Part XXXI. The Election of Grace, pp. 124–128.
Hos. 13:9, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. p. 637, section "The Doctrine of the Last Things (Eschatology), part 7. "Eternal Damnation", and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 135–136, Part XXXIX. "Eternal Death", paragraph 196.

biblicalstudies.org.uk (Global: low place; English: 9,477^th place)

Gumerlock, Francis X. (2009). "Predestination in the century before Gottschalk (Part 1)" (PDF). Evangelical Quarterly: An International Review of Bible and Theology. 81 (3): 195–209. doi:10.1163/27725472-08103001.

bookofconcord.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Acts 13:48, Eph. 1:4–11, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 585–589, section "The Doctrine of Eternal Election: 1. The Definition of the Term", and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 124–128, Part XXXI. "The Election of Grace", paragraph 176.
1 Tim. 2:4, 2 Pet. 3:9, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, and Engelder's Popular Symbolics, Part XXXI. The Election of Grace, pp. 124–128.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

PhD, Mary A. Ehle; Hiesberger, Jean Marie; Mazza, Biagio; CSJ, Mary M. McGlone; OSB, Abbot Gregory J. Polan; Simeone, Denise; Turner, Paul (2014). Foundations for Preaching and Teaching®: Scripture Backgrounds for 2014. Liturgy Training Publications. ISBN 978-1-61671-079-8.
Levering 2011, p. 15. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 16. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 17. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
DeConick, April (2015). Seek to See Him: Ascent and Vision Mysticism in the Gospel of Thomas. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-31300-2.
Levering 2011, p. 25. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 29. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 31. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 32. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 33. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 38. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, pp. 39–40. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Murrell, Adam (2009). Predestined to Believe: Common Objections to the Reformed Faith Answered, Second Edition. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-62189-175-8.
Allison, Gregg (2011). Historical Theology: An Introduction to Christian Doctrine. Zondervan Academic. ISBN 978-0-310-41041-6.
Carson, D. A.; O'Brien, Peter Thomas; Seifrid, Mark A. (2001). Justification and Variegated Nomism. Isd. ISBN 978-3-16-146994-7.
DeConick, April (2015). Seek to See Him: Ascent and Vision Mysticism in the Gospel of Thomas. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-31300-2.
Karamanolis, George (2021). The Philosophy of Early Christianity. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-62823-8.
Fate, Providence and Free Will: Philosophy and Religion in Dialogue in the Early Imperial Age. Brill. 2020. ISBN 978-90-04-43638-1.
Knell, Matthew (2017). Sin, Grace and Free Will: A Historical Survey of Christian Thought (Volume 1): The Apostolic Fathers to Augustine. ISD LLC. ISBN 978-0-227-90567-8.
Levering 2011, p. 44. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, pp. 48–49. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, pp. 47–48. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 37. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 60. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 70. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 69. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 74. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 80. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 78. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, pp. 78–79. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 88. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 89. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 102. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, p. 104. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.
Levering 2011, pp. 105–106. Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Saint Prosper of Aquitaine | Christian polemicist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
Stacey 2024. Stacey, John (2024). "John Wycliffe". Encyclopædia Britannica.

ccel.org (Global: 2,249^th place; English: 1,566^th place)

"Henry Wace: Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies". www.ccel.org – Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
"Philip Schaff: NPNF1-05. St. Augustine: Anti-Pelagian Writings". www.ccel.org – Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
Schaff 1997, § 75. Schaff, Philip (1997). History of the Christian Church. Vol. 6. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems.
Schaff 1997, § 76. Schaff, Philip (1997). History of the Christian Church. Vol. 6. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems.
Augustine of Hippo. "In What Respects Predestination and Grace Differ". Anti Pelagian Writings. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
Aquinas, Thomas. "Whether God Reprobates any Man". Summa Theologica. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
"Loraine Boettner: Reformed Doctrine of Predestination - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. Retrieved 4 October 2025.
"Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion, (Henry Beveridge, trans.), III.21.5". Archived from the original on 29 August 2006. Retrieved 21 June 2006.

churchofjesuschrist.org (Global: 1,733^rd place; English: 879^th place)

"Gospel Topics: Foreordination". Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. LDS Church.
McConkie, Bruce R. (May 1974). "God Foreordains His Prophets and His People". Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. LDS Church. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020.
"Agency". churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved 29 November 2014.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Gumerlock, Francis X. (2009). "Predestination in the century before Gottschalk (Part 1)" (PDF). Evangelical Quarterly: An International Review of Bible and Theology. 81 (3): 195–209. doi:10.1163/27725472-08103001.
"Westminster Assembly and Confession of Faith". Encyclopedia of Christianity Online. Chapter III.1 'Of God's Eternal Decree'. doi:10.1163/2211-2685_eco_w.12.

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

Westminster Confession of faith, Ch 3

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Catechism of the Catholic Church, section 1037; Katholieke Encyclopaedie, praedestinatie

evangelicalarminians.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brian Abasciano (25 October 2013). "The FACTS of Salvation: A Summary of Arminian Theology/the Biblical Doctrines of Grace". Society of Evangelical Arminians. Retrieved 18 May 2017.

freedictionary.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Here, sub- is opposed to super- or supra- in a sense related to volition and/or necessity. Cf., for relapse of same origin, http://freedictionary.org/index.php?Query=relapse&database=%2A&strategy=exact : L. relapsus, p. p. of relabi to slip back, to relapse.

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"Cathar Texts: The Book of the Two Principles". gnosis.org. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

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Malan, J. C. (1983). "Enochic (apocalyptic) and Christian perspectives on relationships: A tentative comparison of striking aspects and underlying lines of thinking revealed in 1 Enoch and the New Testament". Neotestamentica. 17: 84–96. ISSN 0254-8356. JSTOR 43047851.

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"The Battle for Grace Alone by R.C. Sproul". Ligonier Ministries. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

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wesley.nnu.edu

Wiley 1940, Chap. 14. Wiley, H. Orton (1940). Christian theology (3 volumes). Kansas City, MO: Beacon Hill Press.
Wiley 1940, Chap. 26. Wiley, H. Orton (1940). Christian theology (3 volumes). Kansas City, MO: Beacon Hill Press.

patheos.com (Global: 7,230^th place; English: 4,531^st place)

Olson 2018. "What is Arminianism? A) Belief that God limits himself to give human beings free will to go against his perfect will so that God did not design or ordain sin and evil (or their consequences such as innocent suffering); B) Belief that, although sinners cannot achieve salvation on their own, without 'prevenient grace' (enabling grace), God makes salvation possible for all through Jesus Christ and offers free salvation to all through the gospel. 'A' is called 'limited providence,' 'B' is called 'predestination by foreknowledge.'" Olson, Roger E. (2018). "Calvinism and Arminianism Compared". Roger E. Olson: My evangelical, Arminian theological musings. Patheos. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
Olson 2018, ‌. Olson, Roger E. (2018). "Calvinism and Arminianism Compared". Roger E. Olson: My evangelical, Arminian theological musings. Patheos. Retrieved 27 August 2019.

questia.com (Global: 1,682^nd place; English: 967^th place)

James 1998, p. 102. James, Frank A. III (1998). Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
James 1998, p. 30; Trueman 1994, p. 69. James, Frank A. III (1998). Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015. Trueman, Carl R. (1994). Luther's Legacy: Salvation and English Reformers, 1525–1556. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
James 1998, p. 30. James, Frank A. III (1998). Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
Trueman 1994, p. 69. Trueman, Carl R. (1994). Luther's Legacy: Salvation and English Reformers, 1525–1556. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
James 1998, p. 147. James, Frank A. III (1998). Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.

reference.com (Global: 1,491^st place; English: 1,468^th place)

dictionary.reference.com

"Predestination". The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Third ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. 2005. Retrieved 13 June 2011 – via Dictionary.com.

stanford.edu (Global: 194^th place; English: 182^nd place)

kinginstitute.stanford.edu

"A Comparison and Evaluation of the Theology of Luther with That of Calvin". 19 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2022.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

James 1998, p. 102. James, Frank A. III (1998). Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
James 1998, p. 30; Trueman 1994, p. 69. James, Frank A. III (1998). Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015. Trueman, Carl R. (1994). Luther's Legacy: Salvation and English Reformers, 1525–1556. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
Acts 13:48, Eph. 1:4–11, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 585–589, section "The Doctrine of Eternal Election: 1. The Definition of the Term", and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 124–128, Part XXXI. "The Election of Grace", paragraph 176.
1 Tim. 2:4, 2 Pet. 3:9, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election Archived 10 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, and Engelder's Popular Symbolics, Part XXXI. The Election of Grace, pp. 124–128.
McConkie, Bruce R. (May 1974). "God Foreordains His Prophets and His People". Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. LDS Church. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020.
"Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion, (Henry Beveridge, trans.), III.21.5". Archived from the original on 29 August 2006. Retrieved 21 June 2006.
"A Comparison and Evaluation of the Theology of Luther with That of Calvin". 19 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
James 1998, p. 30. James, Frank A. III (1998). Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
Trueman 1994, p. 69. Trueman, Carl R. (1994). Luther's Legacy: Salvation and English Reformers, 1525–1556. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
James 1998, p. 147. James, Frank A. III (1998). Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer. Oxford: Clarendon. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

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Malan, J. C. (1983). "Enochic (apocalyptic) and Christian perspectives on relationships: A tentative comparison of striking aspects and underlying lines of thinking revealed in 1 Enoch and the New Testament". Neotestamentica. 17: 84–96. ISSN 0254-8356. JSTOR 43047851.
Macpherson, John (2008). The Westminster confession of faith. Kessinger Pub. Chapter III.1 'Of God's Eternal Decree'. ISBN 978-1-104-40849-7. OCLC 707096039.

Predestination (English Wikipedia)

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