Presidency of Andrew Jackson (English Wikipedia)

Grinspan, Jon. "Trying to Assassinate Andrew Jackson". American Heritage Project. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved November 11, 2008.

americaslibrary.gov

"Arkansas Became a State: June 15, 1836". The Library of Congress. Archived from the original on December 9, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
"Michigan Became a State: January 26, 1837". The Library of Congress. Archived from the original on January 10, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.

amjmedsci.org

Kristine B. Patterson, and Thomas Runge, "Smallpox and the native American." American journal of the medical sciences 323.4 (2002): 216-222. online

archive.org

Cole 1993, pp. 3–4. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 52–53. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 25–26. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 54–55. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Latner 2002, p. 101. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Latner 2002, p. 104. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Cole 1993, p. 27. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 27–28. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 29–30. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, p. 238. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 331. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 26–27. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Latner 2002, pp. 104–5. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Cole 1993, pp. 86–87. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 88–91. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 188–189. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 194, 208. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, p. 209. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, p. 239. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 331–332. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Schwartz 1993, pp. 73–74. Schwartz, Bernard (1993). A History of the Supreme Court. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195-09387-2.
Howe 2007, p. 444. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Latner 2002, p. 107. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Howe 2007, pp. 337–339. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 38–39. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 340. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 35–36, 84. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 36–37. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 84–86. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 339. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 87, 143. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 143–144. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 37–38. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 41–42. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 333. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 39–40. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 333–334. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 40–41. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 45–47. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 74–75. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 43–44. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 68–69. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Latner 2002, p. 108. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Rutland 1995, pp. 199–200. Rutland, Robert Allen (1995). The Democrats: From Jefferson to Clinton. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-8262-1034-1.
Cole 1993, pp. 67–68. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 109–110. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, p. 56. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 69–70. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 71–74. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Latner 2002, p. 109. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Cole 1993, p. 68. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 353–354. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 355–356, 412. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 412–413. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 412–415. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 415–416. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 416–417. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, p. 418. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 417–418, 516–517. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, p. 102. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 116–117. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Latner 2002, p. 118. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Howe 2007, pp. 425–426. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 323–327. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 49–54. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 153–155. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 395–397. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 156. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 155–156. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 340–341. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 90–91. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 137–138. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 157–158. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 107–108. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 400–401. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 402–404. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, p. 159. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 160–161. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 161–162. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, p. 164. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 161–166. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 164–170. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 168–170. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 171–172. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, p. 173. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 172–173. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 175–176. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 173–178. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 409. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 409–410. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, pp. 374–375. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 57–58. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 375–376. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Latner 2002, p. 112. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Howe 2007, p. 377. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 102–103. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 104–105. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 138–139. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, p. 141. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 141–143. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 140–141. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 139–140. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 384. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 145–147. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 383. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Latner 2002, p. 113. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Howe 2007, pp. 384–385. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, p. 150. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 385. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, p. 387. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 169–170. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 187–188. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 190–193. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 387–388. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 198–199. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 201–202. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 202–204. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 205–20. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 209–211. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 393–394. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 264–266. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 60–61. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 178–180. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 202–203. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 211–213. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 390. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 248–249. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 261–263. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 408–409. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, p. 211. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, p. 230. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 230–232. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 232–234, 240. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, p. 500. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Olson 2002, p. 190. Olson, James Stuart (2002). Robert L. Shadle (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-30830-6.
Cole 1993, pp. 62–63. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 66–67. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 357–359. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Howe 2007, p. 360. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Cole 1993, pp. 237–242. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 360–361. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.
Latner 2002, p. 120. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Cole 1993, pp. 133–134. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Cole 1993, pp. 255–256. Cole, Donald B. (1993). The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0600-9.
Howe 2007, pp. 487. Howe, Daniel Walker (2007). What Hath God Wrought: the Transformation of America, 1815–1848. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507894-7.

books.google.com

Wilentz 2005, pp. 49–54. Wilentz, Sean (2005). Andrew Jackson. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-6925-9.
Brands 2005, p. 405. Brands, H. W. (2005). Andrew Jackson: His Life and Times. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 1-4000-3072-2.
Boller 2004, p. 46. Boller, Paul F. Jr. (2004). Presidential Campaigns: From George Washington to George W. Bush. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19516-716-3.
Meacham 2008, p. 115. Meacham, Jon (2008). American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-7346-4.
Marszalek 2000, p. 84. Marszalek, John F. (2000) [1997]. The Petticoat Affair: Manners, Mutiny, and Sex in Andrew Jackson's White House. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press. ISBN 0-8071-2634-9.
Brands 2005, p. 420. Brands, H. W. (2005). Andrew Jackson: His Life and Times. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 1-4000-3072-2.
Sabato & O'Connor 2002, p. 293. Sabato, Larry; O'Connor, Karen (2002). American Government: Continuity and Change. New York: Pearson Longman. ISBN 978-0-321-31711-7.
Mark R. Cheathem (2015). Andrew Jackson and the Rise of the Democrats: A Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 245. ISBN 9781610694070.
Remini 1988, p. 6. Remini, Robert V. (1988). The Life of Andrew Jackson. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-0618-0788-5. Abridgment of Remini's 3-volume biography.
Wilentz 2005, pp. 63–64. Wilentz, Sean (2005). Andrew Jackson. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-6925-9.
Niven 1988, p. 192. Niven, John (1988). John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-1858-0.
Meacham 2008, pp. 239–240. Meacham, Jon (2008). American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-7346-4.
Meacham 2008, p. 247. Meacham, Jon (2008). American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-7346-4.
Meacham 2008, p. 201. Meacham, Jon (2008). American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-7346-4.
Haynes, Stan M. (2012). The First American Political Conventions: Transforming Presidential Nominations, 1832–1872. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. pp. 34–36. ISBN 978-0-7864-6892-8.
Meacham 2008, p. 420. Meacham, Jon (2008). American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-7346-4.
Meacham 2008, p. 215. Meacham, Jon (2008). American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-7346-4.
Meacham 2008, p. 220. Meacham, Jon (2008). American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House. New York: Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8129-7346-4.
Brands 2005, p. 500. Brands, H. W. (2005). Andrew Jackson: His Life and Times. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 1-4000-3072-2.
Rorabaugh, Critchlow & Baker 2004, p. 210. Rorabaugh, W.J.; Critchlow, Donald T.; Baker, Paula C. (2004). America's Promise: A Concise History of the United States. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-1189-8.^{[permanent dead link]}
Wilentz 2005, pp. 71–73. Wilentz, Sean (2005). Andrew Jackson. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-6925-9.
Herring 2008, p. 165. Herring, George C. (2008). From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199723430.
Herring 2008, pp. 167–168. Herring, George C. (2008). From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199723430.
Herring 2008, pp. 170–171. Herring, George C. (2008). From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199723430.
Herring 2008, p. 766. Herring, George C. (2008). From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199723430.
Wilentz 2005, pp. 143–146. Wilentz, Sean (2005). Andrew Jackson. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-6925-9.
Bates 2015, p. 513. Bates, Christopher G. (2015). The Early Republic and Antebellum America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781317457404.
Bathory, Peter Dennis (2001). Friends and Citizens: Essays in Honor of Wilson Carey McWilliams. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 91. ISBN 9780847697465.
Irelan, John Robert (1887). "History of the Life, Administration and Times of Martin Van Buren, Eighth President of the United States". Chicago: Fairbanks and Palmer Publishing Company. p. 230. Retrieved March 6, 2017.
Nelson, Michael (2013). Guide to the Presidency and the Executive Branch. CQ Press. p. 1962. ISBN 9781452234281.
Parton 1860a, p. vii. Parton, James (1860a). Life of Andrew Jackson, Volume 1. New York: Mason Brothers. ISBN 9780598848871. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Wilentz 2005, p. 3. Wilentz, Sean (2005). Andrew Jackson. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-6925-9.
Remini 1988, p. 307. Remini, Robert V. (1988). The Life of Andrew Jackson. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-0618-0788-5. Abridgment of Remini's 3-volume biography.

copyrighthistory.org

"Primary Sources on Copyright – Record Viewer". www.copyrighthistory.org. Archived from the original on 2016-02-15.

doi.org

Sellers 1958, p. 615. Sellers, Charles Grier Jr. (1958). "Andrew Jackson versus the Historians". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 44 (4): 615–634. doi:10.2307/1886599. JSTOR 1886599.
Dollar, Clyde D. (1977). "The High Plains Smallpox Epidemic of 1837-38". The Western Historical Quarterly. 8 (1): 15–38. doi:10.2307/967216. JSTOR 967216.
Mercieca, Jennifer Rose (2007). "The Culture of Honor: How Slaveholders Responded to the Abolitionist Mail Crisis of 1835". Rhetoric and Public Affairs. 10 (1): 51–76. doi:10.1353/rap.2007.0027. hdl:1969.1/188838. ISSN 1094-8392. JSTOR 41940117.
Ford, Lacy (June 2008). "Reconfiguring the Old South: 'Solving' the Problem of Slavery, 1787–1838". Journal of American History. 95 (1): 99–122. doi:10.2307/25095466. JSTOR 25095466. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram (1965). "The Abolitionists' Postal Campaign of 1835". The Journal of Negro History. 50 (4): 227–238. doi:10.2307/2716246. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2716246.
Sellers 1958, pp. 615–634. Sellers, Charles Grier Jr. (1958). "Andrew Jackson versus the Historians". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 44 (4): 615–634. doi:10.2307/1886599. JSTOR 1886599.

firstladies.org

First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson Archived March 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine National First Ladies Library. Web. Retrieved February 15, 2016.

fordham.edu

ir.lawnet.fordham.edu

Feerick, John D.; Freund, Paul A. (1965). From Failing Hands: the Story of Presidential Succession. New York City: Fordham University Press. p. 86. LCCN 65-14917. As a result of Calhoun's resignation, Hugh L. White of Tennessee, as President pro tempore, was placed first in the line of succession and Andrew Stevenson of Virginia, as Speaker, second.

gilderlehrman.org

Feller, Daniel. "Andrew Jackson's Shifting Legacy". Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2016.

gutenberg.org

Ogg 1919, p. 164. Ogg, Frederic Austin (1919). The Reign of Andrew Jackson; Vol. 20, Chronicles of America Series. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Mercieca, Jennifer Rose (2007). "The Culture of Honor: How Slaveholders Responded to the Abolitionist Mail Crisis of 1835". Rhetoric and Public Affairs. 10 (1): 51–76. doi:10.1353/rap.2007.0027. hdl:1969.1/188838. ISSN 1094-8392. JSTOR 41940117.

hathitrust.org

catalog.hathitrust.org

Neal, John (1869). Wandering Recollections of a Somewhat Busy Life. Boston, Massachusetts: Roberts Brothers. p. 209.

history.com

"Calhoun resigns vice presidency". history.com. A&E Television Networks. July 28, 2019 [Originally published February 9, 2010]. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
"Presidential Elections". history.com. A+E Networks. Retrieved March 7, 2017.

historyisaweapon.com

Zinn 1980, p. 127. Zinn, Howard (1980). "7: As Long As Grass Grows or Water Runs". A People's History of the United States. Abingdon-on-Thames, UK: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Zinn 1980, p. 130. Zinn, Howard (1980). "7: As Long As Grass Grows or Water Runs". A People's History of the United States. Abingdon-on-Thames, UK: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.

jstor.org

Sellers 1958, p. 615. Sellers, Charles Grier Jr. (1958). "Andrew Jackson versus the Historians". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 44 (4): 615–634. doi:10.2307/1886599. JSTOR 1886599.
Edwin A. Miles, "The First People's Inaugural—1829." Tennessee Historical Quarterly (1978): 293–307. in JSTOR
Kirsten E. Wood, 'One Woman so Dangerous to Public Morals': Gender and Power in the Eaton Affair." Journal of the Early Republic (1997): 237–275. in JSTOR
Dollar, Clyde D. (1977). "The High Plains Smallpox Epidemic of 1837-38". The Western Historical Quarterly. 8 (1): 15–38. doi:10.2307/967216. JSTOR 967216.
Mercieca, Jennifer Rose (2007). "The Culture of Honor: How Slaveholders Responded to the Abolitionist Mail Crisis of 1835". Rhetoric and Public Affairs. 10 (1): 51–76. doi:10.1353/rap.2007.0027. hdl:1969.1/188838. ISSN 1094-8392. JSTOR 41940117.
Ford, Lacy (June 2008). "Reconfiguring the Old South: 'Solving' the Problem of Slavery, 1787–1838". Journal of American History. 95 (1): 99–122. doi:10.2307/25095466. JSTOR 25095466. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram (1965). "The Abolitionists' Postal Campaign of 1835". The Journal of Negro History. 50 (4): 227–238. doi:10.2307/2716246. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2716246.
John M. Belohlavek, "'Let the Eagle Soar!': Democratic Constraints on the Foreign Policy of Andrew Jackson." Presidential Studies Quarterly 10#1 (1980) pp: 36–50 in JSTOR
Robert Charles Thomas, "Andrew Jackson Versus France American Policy toward France, 1834–36." Tennessee Historical Quarterly (1976): 51–64 in JSTOR
Richard Aubrey McLemore, "The French Spoliation Claims, 1816–1836: A Study in Jacksonian Diplomacy," Tennessee Historical Magazine (1932): 234–254 in JSTOR.
Ethel Zivley Rather, "Recognition of the Republic of Texas by the United States." The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association 13#3 (1910): 155–256. in JSTOR
Sellers 1958, pp. 615–634. Sellers, Charles Grier Jr. (1958). "Andrew Jackson versus the Historians". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 44 (4): 615–634. doi:10.2307/1886599. JSTOR 1886599.

loc.gov

memory.loc.gov

http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/pihtml/pinotable.html Inaugurals of Presidents of the United States: Some Precedents and Notable Events. Library of Congress.

lccn.loc.gov

Feerick, John D.; Freund, Paul A. (1965). From Failing Hands: the Story of Presidential Succession. New York City: Fordham University Press. p. 86. LCCN 65-14917. As a result of Calhoun's resignation, Hugh L. White of Tennessee, as President pro tempore, was placed first in the line of succession and Andrew Stevenson of Virginia, as Speaker, second.

millercenter.org

"Martin Van Buren: Campaigns and Elections". Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. 4 October 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2017.

newspapers.com

"The Emancipator". The Liberator. 1835-10-03. p. 1. Retrieved 2025-02-02.

npr.org

Smith, Robert (April 15, 2011). "When the U.S. paid off the entire national debt (and why it didn't last)". Planet Money. NPR. Retrieved January 15, 2014.

nymag.com

"The Tsunami of Slime Circa 1828". New York News & Politics. June 15, 2012. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017.

nytimes.com

query.nytimes.com

Mitgang, Herbert (1992-12-20). "The Transition; A Populist Inauguration: Jackson, With Decorum". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-01-20.

nytimes.com

Rottinghaus, Brandon; Vaughn, Justin S. (February 19, 2018). "How Does Trump Stack Up Against the Best — and Worst — Presidents?". New York Times. Retrieved 14 May 2018.

oah.org

archive.oah.org

Ford, Lacy (June 2008). "Reconfiguring the Old South: 'Solving' the Problem of Slavery, 1787–1838". Journal of American History. 95 (1): 99–122. doi:10.2307/25095466. JSTOR 25095466. Retrieved March 7, 2017.

politico.com

Glass, Andrew (January 30, 2008). "Jackson escapes assassination attempt Jan. 30, 1835". POLITICO. Archived from the original on April 7, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

readex.com

Cheathem, Mark (2014). "Frontiersman or Southern Gentleman? Newspaper Coverage of Andrew Jackson during the 1828 Presidential Campaign". The Readex Report. 9 (3). Archived from the original on January 12, 2015.

senate.gov

"John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President (1825–1832)". United States Senate. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
"Richard Mentor Johnson, 9th Vice President (1837–1841)". Washington, D.C.: United States Senate, Office of the Historian. Retrieved March 7, 2017.

supremecourthistory.org

"Timeline of the Justices: John Catron". The Supreme Court Historical Society. Archived from the original on January 30, 2006. Retrieved October 25, 2017.

tennessean.com

Brands, H.W. (2017-03-11). "Andrew Jackson at 250: President's legacy isn't pretty, but neither is history". The Tennessean. Retrieved May 9, 2017.

texas.gov

tsl.texas.gov

"Hard Road To Texas Texas Annexation 1836–1845 Part Two: On Our Own". Austin, Texas: Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Retrieved March 11, 2017.

treas.gov

publicdebt.treas.gov

"Our History". Bureau of the Public Debt. November 18, 2013. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.

unl.edu

digitalcommons.unl.edu

Jacobson, John Gregory (2004). "Jackson's judges: Six appointments who shaped a nation (Abstract)". Etd Collection for University of Nebraska – Lincoln. University of Nebraska – Lincoln: 1–355. Archived from the original on March 30, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2017.

washingtonexaminer.com

Wegmann, Philip (February 17, 2017). "After Trump, Jackson drops on historian's list of best presidents". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 30, 2017.

washingtonpost.com

Langer, Emily (April 4, 2013). "Robert V. Remini, biographer of Andrew Jackson and historian of the U.S. House of Representatives, dies at 91". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 29, 2017.

web.archive.org

Feller, Daniel. "Andrew Jackson's Shifting Legacy". Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
Cheathem, Mark (2014). "Frontiersman or Southern Gentleman? Newspaper Coverage of Andrew Jackson during the 1828 Presidential Campaign". The Readex Report. 9 (3). Archived from the original on January 12, 2015.
"The Tsunami of Slime Circa 1828". New York News & Politics. June 15, 2012. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson Archived March 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine National First Ladies Library. Web. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
Jacobson, John Gregory (2004). "Jackson's judges: Six appointments who shaped a nation (Abstract)". Etd Collection for University of Nebraska – Lincoln. University of Nebraska – Lincoln: 1–355. Archived from the original on March 30, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
"Timeline of the Justices: John Catron". The Supreme Court Historical Society. Archived from the original on January 30, 2006. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
"John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President (1825–1832)". United States Senate. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
"Our History". Bureau of the Public Debt. November 18, 2013. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
"Historical Debt Outstanding – Annual 1791–1849". Public Debt Reports. Treasury Direct. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. Retrieved November 25, 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"USS Porpoise (1836–1854)". U.S. Navy. 2014. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"Primary Sources on Copyright – Record Viewer". www.copyrighthistory.org. Archived from the original on 2016-02-15.
"Arkansas Became a State: June 15, 1836". The Library of Congress. Archived from the original on December 9, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
"Michigan Became a State: January 26, 1837". The Library of Congress. Archived from the original on January 10, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Grinspan, Jon. "Trying to Assassinate Andrew Jackson". American Heritage Project. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved November 11, 2008.
Glass, Andrew (January 30, 2008). "Jackson escapes assassination attempt Jan. 30, 1835". POLITICO. Archived from the original on April 7, 2017. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Latner 2002, p. 101. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Latner 2002, p. 104. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Latner 2002, pp. 104–5. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Latner 2002, p. 107. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Latner 2002, p. 108. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Latner 2002, p. 109. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Mercieca, Jennifer Rose (2007). "The Culture of Honor: How Slaveholders Responded to the Abolitionist Mail Crisis of 1835". Rhetoric and Public Affairs. 10 (1): 51–76. doi:10.1353/rap.2007.0027. hdl:1969.1/188838. ISSN 1094-8392. JSTOR 41940117.
Wyatt-Brown, Bertram (1965). "The Abolitionists' Postal Campaign of 1835". The Journal of Negro History. 50 (4): 227–238. doi:10.2307/2716246. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2716246.
Latner 2002, p. 118. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Latner 2002, p. 112. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Latner 2002, p. 113. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.
Latner 2002, p. 120. Latner, Richard B. (2002). "Andrew Jackson". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A Reference History (3 ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 978-0-684-31226-2. OCLC 49029341.