Primary motor cortex (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Primary motor cortex" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

44nih.gov

4^th place

36doi.org

2^nd place

9semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

7harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

3worldcat.org

5^th place

1brainarchitecture.org

low place

1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1scienceblogs.com

8,518^th place

7,193^rd place

1archive.org

6^th place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

archive.org

Campbell, A. W. (1905). Histological Studies on the Localization of Cerebral Function. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cambridge University Press.

brainarchitecture.org

"Section viewer". brainarchitecture.org. Retrieved 2020-11-20.

doi.org

Rivara CB, Sherwood CC, Bouras C, Hof PR (2003). "Stereologic characterization and spatial distribution patterns of Betz cells in the human primary motor cortex". The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 270 (2): 137–151. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10015. PMID 12524689.
Lassek, A.M. (1941). "The pyramidal tract of the monkey". J. Comp. Neurol. 74 (2): 193–202. doi:10.1002/cne.900740202. S2CID 83536088.
Callaway, Edward M.; Dong, Hong-Wei; Ecker, Joseph R.; Hawrylycz, Michael J.; Huang, Z. Josh; Lein, Ed S.; Ngai, John; Osten, Pavel; Ren, Bing; Tolias, Andreas Savas; White, Owen (October 2021). "A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex". Nature. 598 (7879): 86–102. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03950-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8494634. PMID 34616075.
Lemon, Roger N. (April 4, 2008). "Descending Pathways in Motor Control". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 31 (1): 195–218. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125547. ISSN 0147-006X. PMID 18558853.
Penfield, W. and Boldrey, E. (1937). "Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation". Brain. 60 (4): 389–443. doi:10.1093/brain/60.4.389.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kwan HC, MacKay WA, Murphy JT, Wong YC (1978). "Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. II. Motor outputs". J. Neurophysiol. 41 (5): 1120–1131. doi:10.1152/jn.1978.41.5.1120. PMID 100584.
Park, M.C., Belhaj-Saif, A., Gordon, M. and Cheney, P.D. (2001). "Consistent features in the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex in rhesus macaques". J. Neurosci. 21 (8): 2784–2792. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02784.2001. PMC 6762507. PMID 11306630.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Meier, J.D., Aflalo, T.N., Kastner, S. and Graziano, M.S.A. (2008). "Complex organization of human primary motor cortex: A high-resolution fMRI study". J. Neurophysiol. 100 (4): 1800–1812. doi:10.1152/jn.90531.2008. PMC 2576195. PMID 18684903.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Binkofski F, Fink GR, Geyer S, Buccino G, Gruber O, Shah NJ, Taylor JG, Seitz RJ, Zilles K, Freund HJ (2002). "Neural activity in human primary motor cortex areas 4a and 4b is modulated differentially by attention to action". J. Neurophysiol. 88 (1): 514–519. doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.1.514. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-CA2B-E. PMID 12091573. S2CID 6459190.
Nikhil Sharma; P.S. Jones; T.A. Carpenter; Jean-Claude Baron (2008). "Mapping the involvement of BA 4a and 4p during Motor Imagery". NeuroImage. 41 (1): 92–99. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.009. PMID 18358742. S2CID 8673179.
Terumitsu M, Ikeda K, Kwee IL, and Nakada, T (2009). "Participation of primary motor cortex area 4a in complex sensory processing: 3.0T fMRI study". NeuroReport. 20 (7): 679–683. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832a1820. PMID 19339906. S2CID 23674509.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rathelot, J.-A.; strick, P. L. (Jan 20, 2009). "Subdivisions of primary motor cortex based on cortico-motoneuronal cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106 (3): 918–923. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106..918R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808362106. PMC 2621250. PMID 19139417.
Costandi, Mo (2009). "The evolution of manual dexterity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (3): 918–923. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808362106. PMC 2621250. PMID 19139417. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
Cheney, P.D. & Fetz, E.E. (1985). "Comparable patterns of muscle facilitation evoked by individual corticomotoneuronal (CM) cells and by single intracortical microstimuli in primates: evidence for functional groups of CM cells". J. Neurophysiol. 53 (3): 786–804. doi:10.1152/jn.1985.53.3.786. PMID 2984354.
Schieber, M.H. & Hibbard, L.S. (1993). "How somatotopic is the motor cortex hand area?". Science. 261 (5120): 489–492. Bibcode:1993Sci...261..489S. doi:10.1126/science.8332915. PMID 8332915.
Rathelot, J.A. & Strick, P.L. (2006). "Muscle representation in the macaque motor cortex: an anatomical perspective". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 103 (21): 8257–8262. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.8257R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602933103. PMC 1461407. PMID 16702556.
Sanes, J.N., Donoghue, J.P., Thangaraj, V., Edelman, R.R. and Warach, S. (1995). "Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex". Science. 268 (5218): 1775–1777. Bibcode:1995Sci...268.1775S. doi:10.1126/science.7792606. PMID 7792606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Donoghue, J.P., Leibovic, S. and Sanes, J.N. (1992). "Organization of the forelimb area in squirrel monkey motor cortex: representation of digit, wrist and elbow muscles". Exp. Brain Res. 89 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1007/bf00228996. PMID 1601087. S2CID 1398462.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Nudo, R.J., Milliken, G.W., Jenkins, W.M. and Merzenich, M.M. (1996). "Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys". J. Neurosci. 16 (2): 785–807. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-02-00785.1996. PMC 6578638. PMID 8551360.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Martin, J.H., Engber, D. and Meng, Z. (2005). "Effect of forelimb use on postnatal development of the forelimb motor representation in primary motor cortex of the cat". J. Neurophysiol. 93 (5): 2822–2831. doi:10.1152/jn.01060.2004. PMID 15574795.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Graziano, M.S.A., Taylor, C.S.R. and Moore, T. (2002). "Complex movements evoked by microstimulation of precentral cortex". Neuron. 34 (5): 841–851. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00698-0. PMID 12062029. S2CID 3069873.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Graziano, M.S.A. and Aflalo, T.N. (2007). "Mapping behavioral repertoire onto the cortex". Neuron. 56 (2): 239–251. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.09.013. PMID 17964243.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Foerster, O (1936). "The motor cortex of man in the light of Hughlings Jackson's doctrines". Brain. 59 (2): 135–159. doi:10.1093/brain/59.2.135.
Fulton, J (1935). "A note on the definition of the "motor" and "premotor" areas". Brain. 58 (2): 311–316. doi:10.1093/brain/58.2.311.
Evarts, E.V. (1968). "Relation of pyramidal tract activity to force exerted during voluntary movement". J. Neurophysiol. 31 (1): 14–27. doi:10.1152/jn.1968.31.1.14. PMID 4966614.
Georgopoulos, A.P., Kalaska, J.F., Caminiti, R. and Massey, J.T. (1982). "On the relations between the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and cell discharge in primate motor cortex". J. Neurosci. 2 (11): 1527–1537. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-11-01527.1982. PMC 6564361. PMID 7143039.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Georgopoulos A.P., Kettner, R.E. and Schwartz, A.B. (1988). "Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three-dimensional space. II. Coding of the direction of movement by a neuronal population". J. Neurosci. 8 (8): 2928–2937. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-08-02928.1988. PMC 6569382. PMID 3411362.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Georgopoulos A.P., Schwartz, A.B. and Kettner, R.E. (1986). "Neuronal population coding of movement direction". Science. 233 (4771): 1416–1419. Bibcode:1986Sci...233.1416G. doi:10.1126/science.3749885. PMID 3749885.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Scott, S.H. & Kalaska, J.F. (1995). "Changes in motor cortex activity during reaching movements with similar hand paths but different arm postures". J. Neurophysiol. 73 (6): 2563–2567. doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2563. PMID 7666162.
Moran, D.W. & Schwartz, A.B. (1999). "Motor cortical representation of speed and direction during reaching". J. Neurophysiol. 82 (5): 2676–2692. doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2676. PMID 10561437. S2CID 9789197.
Kakei, S., Hoffman, D. and Strick, P (1999). "Muscle and movement representations in the primary motor cortex". Science. 285 (5436): 2136–2139. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.137.8610. doi:10.1126/science.285.5436.2136. PMID 10497133.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Todorov, E (2000). "Direct cortical control of muscle activation in voluntary arm movements: a model". Nat Neurosci. 3 (4): 391–398. doi:10.1038/73964. PMID 10725930. S2CID 13996279.
Haiss, F. & Schwarz, C (2005). "Spatial segregation of different modes of movement control in the whisker representation of rat primary motor cortex". J. Neurosci. 25 (6): 1579–1587. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3760-04.2005. PMC 6726007. PMID 15703412.
Ramanathan, D., Conner, J.M. and Tuszynski, M.H. (2006). "A form of motor cortical plasticity that correlates with recovery of function after brain injury". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (30): 11370–11375. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311370R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0601065103. PMC 1544093. PMID 16837575.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Brecht, M., Schneider, M., Sakmann, B. and Margrie, T.W. (2004). "Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells in rat motor cortex". Nature. 427 (6976): 704–710. Bibcode:2004Natur.427..704B. doi:10.1038/nature02266. PMID 14973477. S2CID 1105868.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Cramer, N.P. & Keller, A (2006). "Cortical control of a whisking central pattern generator". J. Neurophysiol. 96 (1): 209–217. doi:10.1152/jn.00071.2006. PMC 1764853. PMID 16641387.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Binkofski F, Fink GR, Geyer S, Buccino G, Gruber O, Shah NJ, Taylor JG, Seitz RJ, Zilles K, Freund HJ (2002). "Neural activity in human primary motor cortex areas 4a and 4b is modulated differentially by attention to action". J. Neurophysiol. 88 (1): 514–519. doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.1.514. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-CA2B-E. PMID 12091573. S2CID 6459190.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Rathelot, J.-A.; strick, P. L. (Jan 20, 2009). "Subdivisions of primary motor cortex based on cortico-motoneuronal cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106 (3): 918–923. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106..918R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808362106. PMC 2621250. PMID 19139417.
Schieber, M.H. & Hibbard, L.S. (1993). "How somatotopic is the motor cortex hand area?". Science. 261 (5120): 489–492. Bibcode:1993Sci...261..489S. doi:10.1126/science.8332915. PMID 8332915.
Rathelot, J.A. & Strick, P.L. (2006). "Muscle representation in the macaque motor cortex: an anatomical perspective". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 103 (21): 8257–8262. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.8257R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602933103. PMC 1461407. PMID 16702556.
Sanes, J.N., Donoghue, J.P., Thangaraj, V., Edelman, R.R. and Warach, S. (1995). "Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex". Science. 268 (5218): 1775–1777. Bibcode:1995Sci...268.1775S. doi:10.1126/science.7792606. PMID 7792606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Georgopoulos A.P., Schwartz, A.B. and Kettner, R.E. (1986). "Neuronal population coding of movement direction". Science. 233 (4771): 1416–1419. Bibcode:1986Sci...233.1416G. doi:10.1126/science.3749885. PMID 3749885.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ramanathan, D., Conner, J.M. and Tuszynski, M.H. (2006). "A form of motor cortical plasticity that correlates with recovery of function after brain injury". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (30): 11370–11375. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311370R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0601065103. PMC 1544093. PMID 16837575.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Brecht, M., Schneider, M., Sakmann, B. and Margrie, T.W. (2004). "Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells in rat motor cortex". Nature. 427 (6976): 704–710. Bibcode:2004Natur.427..704B. doi:10.1038/nature02266. PMID 14973477. S2CID 1105868.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Rivara CB, Sherwood CC, Bouras C, Hof PR (2003). "Stereologic characterization and spatial distribution patterns of Betz cells in the human primary motor cortex". The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 270 (2): 137–151. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10015. PMID 12524689.
Callaway, Edward M.; Dong, Hong-Wei; Ecker, Joseph R.; Hawrylycz, Michael J.; Huang, Z. Josh; Lein, Ed S.; Ngai, John; Osten, Pavel; Ren, Bing; Tolias, Andreas Savas; White, Owen (October 2021). "A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex". Nature. 598 (7879): 86–102. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03950-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8494634. PMID 34616075.
Lemon, Roger N. (April 4, 2008). "Descending Pathways in Motor Control". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 31 (1): 195–218. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125547. ISSN 0147-006X. PMID 18558853.
Kwan HC, MacKay WA, Murphy JT, Wong YC (1978). "Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. II. Motor outputs". J. Neurophysiol. 41 (5): 1120–1131. doi:10.1152/jn.1978.41.5.1120. PMID 100584.
Park, M.C., Belhaj-Saif, A., Gordon, M. and Cheney, P.D. (2001). "Consistent features in the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex in rhesus macaques". J. Neurosci. 21 (8): 2784–2792. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02784.2001. PMC 6762507. PMID 11306630.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Meier, J.D., Aflalo, T.N., Kastner, S. and Graziano, M.S.A. (2008). "Complex organization of human primary motor cortex: A high-resolution fMRI study". J. Neurophysiol. 100 (4): 1800–1812. doi:10.1152/jn.90531.2008. PMC 2576195. PMID 18684903.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Binkofski F, Fink GR, Geyer S, Buccino G, Gruber O, Shah NJ, Taylor JG, Seitz RJ, Zilles K, Freund HJ (2002). "Neural activity in human primary motor cortex areas 4a and 4b is modulated differentially by attention to action". J. Neurophysiol. 88 (1): 514–519. doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.1.514. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-CA2B-E. PMID 12091573. S2CID 6459190.
Nikhil Sharma; P.S. Jones; T.A. Carpenter; Jean-Claude Baron (2008). "Mapping the involvement of BA 4a and 4p during Motor Imagery". NeuroImage. 41 (1): 92–99. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.009. PMID 18358742. S2CID 8673179.
Terumitsu M, Ikeda K, Kwee IL, and Nakada, T (2009). "Participation of primary motor cortex area 4a in complex sensory processing: 3.0T fMRI study". NeuroReport. 20 (7): 679–683. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832a1820. PMID 19339906. S2CID 23674509.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rathelot, J.-A.; strick, P. L. (Jan 20, 2009). "Subdivisions of primary motor cortex based on cortico-motoneuronal cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106 (3): 918–923. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106..918R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808362106. PMC 2621250. PMID 19139417.
Costandi, Mo (2009). "The evolution of manual dexterity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (3): 918–923. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808362106. PMC 2621250. PMID 19139417. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
Cheney, P.D. & Fetz, E.E. (1985). "Comparable patterns of muscle facilitation evoked by individual corticomotoneuronal (CM) cells and by single intracortical microstimuli in primates: evidence for functional groups of CM cells". J. Neurophysiol. 53 (3): 786–804. doi:10.1152/jn.1985.53.3.786. PMID 2984354.
Schieber, M.H. & Hibbard, L.S. (1993). "How somatotopic is the motor cortex hand area?". Science. 261 (5120): 489–492. Bibcode:1993Sci...261..489S. doi:10.1126/science.8332915. PMID 8332915.
Rathelot, J.A. & Strick, P.L. (2006). "Muscle representation in the macaque motor cortex: an anatomical perspective". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 103 (21): 8257–8262. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.8257R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602933103. PMC 1461407. PMID 16702556.
Sanes, J.N., Donoghue, J.P., Thangaraj, V., Edelman, R.R. and Warach, S. (1995). "Shared neural substrates controlling hand movements in human motor cortex". Science. 268 (5218): 1775–1777. Bibcode:1995Sci...268.1775S. doi:10.1126/science.7792606. PMID 7792606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Donoghue, J.P., Leibovic, S. and Sanes, J.N. (1992). "Organization of the forelimb area in squirrel monkey motor cortex: representation of digit, wrist and elbow muscles". Exp. Brain Res. 89 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1007/bf00228996. PMID 1601087. S2CID 1398462.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Nudo, R.J., Milliken, G.W., Jenkins, W.M. and Merzenich, M.M. (1996). "Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys". J. Neurosci. 16 (2): 785–807. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-02-00785.1996. PMC 6578638. PMID 8551360.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Martin, J.H., Engber, D. and Meng, Z. (2005). "Effect of forelimb use on postnatal development of the forelimb motor representation in primary motor cortex of the cat". J. Neurophysiol. 93 (5): 2822–2831. doi:10.1152/jn.01060.2004. PMID 15574795.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Graziano, M.S.A., Taylor, C.S.R. and Moore, T. (2002). "Complex movements evoked by microstimulation of precentral cortex". Neuron. 34 (5): 841–851. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00698-0. PMID 12062029. S2CID 3069873.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Graziano, M.S.A. and Aflalo, T.N. (2007). "Mapping behavioral repertoire onto the cortex". Neuron. 56 (2): 239–251. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.09.013. PMID 17964243.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Evarts, E.V. (1968). "Relation of pyramidal tract activity to force exerted during voluntary movement". J. Neurophysiol. 31 (1): 14–27. doi:10.1152/jn.1968.31.1.14. PMID 4966614.
Georgopoulos, A.P., Kalaska, J.F., Caminiti, R. and Massey, J.T. (1982). "On the relations between the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and cell discharge in primate motor cortex". J. Neurosci. 2 (11): 1527–1537. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-11-01527.1982. PMC 6564361. PMID 7143039.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Georgopoulos A.P., Kettner, R.E. and Schwartz, A.B. (1988). "Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three-dimensional space. II. Coding of the direction of movement by a neuronal population". J. Neurosci. 8 (8): 2928–2937. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-08-02928.1988. PMC 6569382. PMID 3411362.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Georgopoulos A.P., Schwartz, A.B. and Kettner, R.E. (1986). "Neuronal population coding of movement direction". Science. 233 (4771): 1416–1419. Bibcode:1986Sci...233.1416G. doi:10.1126/science.3749885. PMID 3749885.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Scott, S.H. & Kalaska, J.F. (1995). "Changes in motor cortex activity during reaching movements with similar hand paths but different arm postures". J. Neurophysiol. 73 (6): 2563–2567. doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2563. PMID 7666162.
Moran, D.W. & Schwartz, A.B. (1999). "Motor cortical representation of speed and direction during reaching". J. Neurophysiol. 82 (5): 2676–2692. doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2676. PMID 10561437. S2CID 9789197.
Kakei, S., Hoffman, D. and Strick, P (1999). "Muscle and movement representations in the primary motor cortex". Science. 285 (5436): 2136–2139. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.137.8610. doi:10.1126/science.285.5436.2136. PMID 10497133.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Todorov, E (2000). "Direct cortical control of muscle activation in voluntary arm movements: a model". Nat Neurosci. 3 (4): 391–398. doi:10.1038/73964. PMID 10725930. S2CID 13996279.
Haiss, F. & Schwarz, C (2005). "Spatial segregation of different modes of movement control in the whisker representation of rat primary motor cortex". J. Neurosci. 25 (6): 1579–1587. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3760-04.2005. PMC 6726007. PMID 15703412.
Ramanathan, D., Conner, J.M. and Tuszynski, M.H. (2006). "A form of motor cortical plasticity that correlates with recovery of function after brain injury". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (30): 11370–11375. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311370R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0601065103. PMC 1544093. PMID 16837575.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Brecht, M., Schneider, M., Sakmann, B. and Margrie, T.W. (2004). "Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells in rat motor cortex". Nature. 427 (6976): 704–710. Bibcode:2004Natur.427..704B. doi:10.1038/nature02266. PMID 14973477. S2CID 1105868.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Cramer, N.P. & Keller, A (2006). "Cortical control of a whisking central pattern generator". J. Neurophysiol. 96 (1): 209–217. doi:10.1152/jn.00071.2006. PMC 1764853. PMID 16641387.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Callaway, Edward M.; Dong, Hong-Wei; Ecker, Joseph R.; Hawrylycz, Michael J.; Huang, Z. Josh; Lein, Ed S.; Ngai, John; Osten, Pavel; Ren, Bing; Tolias, Andreas Savas; White, Owen (October 2021). "A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex". Nature. 598 (7879): 86–102. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03950-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8494634. PMID 34616075.
Park, M.C., Belhaj-Saif, A., Gordon, M. and Cheney, P.D. (2001). "Consistent features in the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex in rhesus macaques". J. Neurosci. 21 (8): 2784–2792. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02784.2001. PMC 6762507. PMID 11306630.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Meier, J.D., Aflalo, T.N., Kastner, S. and Graziano, M.S.A. (2008). "Complex organization of human primary motor cortex: A high-resolution fMRI study". J. Neurophysiol. 100 (4): 1800–1812. doi:10.1152/jn.90531.2008. PMC 2576195. PMID 18684903.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Rathelot, J.-A.; strick, P. L. (Jan 20, 2009). "Subdivisions of primary motor cortex based on cortico-motoneuronal cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106 (3): 918–923. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106..918R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808362106. PMC 2621250. PMID 19139417.
Costandi, Mo (2009). "The evolution of manual dexterity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (3): 918–923. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808362106. PMC 2621250. PMID 19139417. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
Rathelot, J.A. & Strick, P.L. (2006). "Muscle representation in the macaque motor cortex: an anatomical perspective". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 103 (21): 8257–8262. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.8257R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602933103. PMC 1461407. PMID 16702556.
Nudo, R.J., Milliken, G.W., Jenkins, W.M. and Merzenich, M.M. (1996). "Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys". J. Neurosci. 16 (2): 785–807. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-02-00785.1996. PMC 6578638. PMID 8551360.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Georgopoulos, A.P., Kalaska, J.F., Caminiti, R. and Massey, J.T. (1982). "On the relations between the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and cell discharge in primate motor cortex". J. Neurosci. 2 (11): 1527–1537. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-11-01527.1982. PMC 6564361. PMID 7143039.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Georgopoulos A.P., Kettner, R.E. and Schwartz, A.B. (1988). "Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three-dimensional space. II. Coding of the direction of movement by a neuronal population". J. Neurosci. 8 (8): 2928–2937. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.08-08-02928.1988. PMC 6569382. PMID 3411362.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Haiss, F. & Schwarz, C (2005). "Spatial segregation of different modes of movement control in the whisker representation of rat primary motor cortex". J. Neurosci. 25 (6): 1579–1587. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3760-04.2005. PMC 6726007. PMID 15703412.
Ramanathan, D., Conner, J.M. and Tuszynski, M.H. (2006). "A form of motor cortical plasticity that correlates with recovery of function after brain injury". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (30): 11370–11375. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311370R. doi:10.1073/pnas.0601065103. PMC 1544093. PMID 16837575.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Cramer, N.P. & Keller, A (2006). "Cortical control of a whisking central pattern generator". J. Neurophysiol. 96 (1): 209–217. doi:10.1152/jn.00071.2006. PMC 1764853. PMID 16641387.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Kakei, S., Hoffman, D. and Strick, P (1999). "Muscle and movement representations in the primary motor cortex". Science. 285 (5436): 2136–2139. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.137.8610. doi:10.1126/science.285.5436.2136. PMID 10497133.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

scienceblogs.com

Costandi, Mo (2009). "The evolution of manual dexterity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (3): 918–923. doi:10.1073/pnas.0808362106. PMC 2621250. PMID 19139417. Retrieved 29 November 2015.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Lassek, A.M. (1941). "The pyramidal tract of the monkey". J. Comp. Neurol. 74 (2): 193–202. doi:10.1002/cne.900740202. S2CID 83536088.
Binkofski F, Fink GR, Geyer S, Buccino G, Gruber O, Shah NJ, Taylor JG, Seitz RJ, Zilles K, Freund HJ (2002). "Neural activity in human primary motor cortex areas 4a and 4b is modulated differentially by attention to action". J. Neurophysiol. 88 (1): 514–519. doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.1.514. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-CA2B-E. PMID 12091573. S2CID 6459190.
Nikhil Sharma; P.S. Jones; T.A. Carpenter; Jean-Claude Baron (2008). "Mapping the involvement of BA 4a and 4p during Motor Imagery". NeuroImage. 41 (1): 92–99. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.009. PMID 18358742. S2CID 8673179.
Terumitsu M, Ikeda K, Kwee IL, and Nakada, T (2009). "Participation of primary motor cortex area 4a in complex sensory processing: 3.0T fMRI study". NeuroReport. 20 (7): 679–683. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832a1820. PMID 19339906. S2CID 23674509.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Donoghue, J.P., Leibovic, S. and Sanes, J.N. (1992). "Organization of the forelimb area in squirrel monkey motor cortex: representation of digit, wrist and elbow muscles". Exp. Brain Res. 89 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1007/bf00228996. PMID 1601087. S2CID 1398462.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Graziano, M.S.A., Taylor, C.S.R. and Moore, T. (2002). "Complex movements evoked by microstimulation of precentral cortex". Neuron. 34 (5): 841–851. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00698-0. PMID 12062029. S2CID 3069873.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Moran, D.W. & Schwartz, A.B. (1999). "Motor cortical representation of speed and direction during reaching". J. Neurophysiol. 82 (5): 2676–2692. doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2676. PMID 10561437. S2CID 9789197.
Todorov, E (2000). "Direct cortical control of muscle activation in voluntary arm movements: a model". Nat Neurosci. 3 (4): 391–398. doi:10.1038/73964. PMID 10725930. S2CID 13996279.
Brecht, M., Schneider, M., Sakmann, B. and Margrie, T.W. (2004). "Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells in rat motor cortex". Nature. 427 (6976): 704–710. Bibcode:2004Natur.427..704B. doi:10.1038/nature02266. PMID 14973477. S2CID 1105868.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Callaway, Edward M.; Dong, Hong-Wei; Ecker, Joseph R.; Hawrylycz, Michael J.; Huang, Z. Josh; Lein, Ed S.; Ngai, John; Osten, Pavel; Ren, Bing; Tolias, Andreas Savas; White, Owen (October 2021). "A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex". Nature. 598 (7879): 86–102. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03950-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8494634. PMID 34616075.
Siegelbaum, Steven A.; Hudspeth, A.J (2013). Principles of neural science. Kandel, Eric R. (5th ed.). New York. ISBN 9780071390118. OCLC 795553723.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Lemon, Roger N. (April 4, 2008). "Descending Pathways in Motor Control". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 31 (1): 195–218. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125547. ISSN 0147-006X. PMID 18558853.