Primary source (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Primary source" in English language version.
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Ref.Un. Ref.Website
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acrl.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
crl.acrl.org
- Dalton, Margaret Stieg; Charnigo, Laurie (September 2004). "Historians and Their Information Sources". College & Research Libraries. 65 (5): 419. doi:10.5860/crl.65.5.400. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
- Delgadillo, Roberto; Lynch, Beverly (May 1999). "Future Historians: Their Quest for Information". College & Research Libraries. 60 (3): 245–259, at 253. doi:10.5860/crl.60.3.245.
[T]he same document can be a primary or a secondary source depending on the particular analysis the historian is doing.
archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)
- Iredale, David (1973). Enjoying archives: what they are, where to find them, how to use them. Newton Abbot, David and Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5669-0.
books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)
- Kragh, Helge (1989). An Introduction to the Historiography of Science. Cambridge University Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-521-38921-6.
[T]he distinction is not a sharp one. Since a source is only a source in a specific historical context, the same source object can be both a primary or secondary source according to what it is used for.
- Duffin, Jacalyn (1999). History of Medicine: A Scandalously Short Introduction. University of Toronto Press. p. 366. ISBN 0-8020-7912-1.
- Ambraseys, Nicholas; Melville, Charles Peter; Adams, Robin Dartrey (1994). The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia, and the Red Sea. Cambridge University Press. p. 7. ISBN 0-521-39120-2.
The same chronicle can be a primary source for the period contemporary with the author, a secondary source for earlier material derived from previous works, but also a primary source when these earlier works have not survived.
- Cipolla, Carlo M. (1992). Between Two Cultures:An Introduction to Economic History. W. W. Norton & Co. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-393-30816-7.
- Sreedharan, E. (2004). A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000. Orient Longman. p. 302. ISBN 81-250-2657-6.
[I]t is through the primary sources that the past indisputably imposes its reality on the historian. That this imposition is basic in any understanding of the past is clear from the rules that documents should not be altered, or that any material damaging to a historian's argument or purpose should not be left out or suppressed. These rules mean that the sources or texts of the past have integrity and that they do indeed 'speak for themselves', and that they are necessary constraints through which past reality imposes itself on the historian.
- Ravinder Pal (2020). Research Process in Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Friends Publications (India). p. 135. ISBN 978-81-947997-6-4.
doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)
- Dalton, Margaret Stieg; Charnigo, Laurie (September 2004). "Historians and Their Information Sources". College & Research Libraries. 65 (5): 419. doi:10.5860/crl.65.5.400. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
- Delgadillo, Roberto; Lynch, Beverly (May 1999). "Future Historians: Their Quest for Information". College & Research Libraries. 60 (3): 245–259, at 253. doi:10.5860/crl.60.3.245.
[T]he same document can be a primary or a secondary source depending on the particular analysis the historian is doing.
- Henige, David (1986). "Primary Source by Primary Source? On the Role of Epidemics in New World Depopulation". Ethnohistory. 33 (3). Ethnohistory, Vol. 33, No. 3: 292–312, at 292. doi:10.2307/481816. JSTOR 481816. PMID 11616953.
[T]he term 'primary' inevitably carries a relative meaning insofar as it defines those pieces of information that stand in closest relationship to an event or process in the present state of our knowledge. Indeed, in most instances the very nature of a primary source tells us that it is actually derivative.…[H]istorians have no choice but to regard certain of the available sources as 'primary' since they are as near to truly original sources as they can now secure.
- Cripps, Thomas (1995). "Historical Truth: An Interview with Ken Burns". American Historical Review. 100 (3). The American Historical Review, Vol. 100, No. 3: 741–764. doi:10.2307/2168603. JSTOR 2168603.
- Ross, Jeffrey Ian (2004). "Taking Stock of Research Methods and Analysis on Oppositional Political Terrorism". The American Sociologist. 35 (2): 26–37. doi:10.1007/BF02692395. S2CID 143532955.
The analysis of secondary source information is problematic. The further an investigator is from the primary source, the more distorted the information may be. Again, each new person may put his or her spin on the findings.
ithacalibrary.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Primary and secondary sources Archived 1 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine". Ithaca College Library.
jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)
- Henige, David (1986). "Primary Source by Primary Source? On the Role of Epidemics in New World Depopulation". Ethnohistory. 33 (3). Ethnohistory, Vol. 33, No. 3: 292–312, at 292. doi:10.2307/481816. JSTOR 481816. PMID 11616953.
[T]he term 'primary' inevitably carries a relative meaning insofar as it defines those pieces of information that stand in closest relationship to an event or process in the present state of our knowledge. Indeed, in most instances the very nature of a primary source tells us that it is actually derivative.…[H]istorians have no choice but to regard certain of the available sources as 'primary' since they are as near to truly original sources as they can now secure.
- Cripps, Thomas (1995). "Historical Truth: An Interview with Ken Burns". American Historical Review. 100 (3). The American Historical Review, Vol. 100, No. 3: 741–764. doi:10.2307/2168603. JSTOR 2168603.
lafayette.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)
library.lafayette.edu
- "Primary Sources: what are they?" Archived 8 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Lafayette College Library.
loc.gov (Global: 63rd place; English: 47th place)
memory.loc.gov
- Library of Congress, " Analysis of Primary Sources" online 2007.
merriam-webster.com (Global: 425th place; English: 373rd place)
- "primary source". www.merriam-webster.com.
nationalarchives.gov.uk (Global: 718th place; English: 414th place)
discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk
- "Introduction to record class R4". The National Archives. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Henige, David (1986). "Primary Source by Primary Source? On the Role of Epidemics in New World Depopulation". Ethnohistory. 33 (3). Ethnohistory, Vol. 33, No. 3: 292–312, at 292. doi:10.2307/481816. JSTOR 481816. PMID 11616953.
[T]he term 'primary' inevitably carries a relative meaning insofar as it defines those pieces of information that stand in closest relationship to an event or process in the present state of our knowledge. Indeed, in most instances the very nature of a primary source tells us that it is actually derivative.…[H]istorians have no choice but to regard certain of the available sources as 'primary' since they are as near to truly original sources as they can now secure.
open.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Open University, 4.1 Primary literature, Succeeding in postgraduate study, Session 5, accessed 22 March 2023.
pepperdine.edu (Global: low place; English: 8,915th place)
infoguides.pepperdine.edu
- Peace, Kristin. "Journalism: Primary Sources". Pepperdine University. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
princeton.edu (Global: 802nd place; English: 528th place)
wordnetweb.princeton.edu
- Princeton (2011). "Book reviews". Scholarly definition document. Princeton. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)
api.semanticscholar.org
- Ross, Jeffrey Ian (2004). "Taking Stock of Research Methods and Analysis on Oppositional Political Terrorism". The American Sociologist. 35 (2): 26–37. doi:10.1007/BF02692395. S2CID 143532955.
The analysis of secondary source information is problematic. The further an investigator is from the primary source, the more distorted the information may be. Again, each new person may put his or her spin on the findings.
timesonline.co.uk (Global: 437th place; English: 317th place)
- Leppard, David (4 May 2008). "Forgeries revealed in the National Archives – Times Online". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
tufts.edu (Global: 192nd place; English: 165th place)
researchguides.library.tufts.edu
- "Primary Sources – Religion". Research Guides at Tufts University. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
vt.edu (Global: 2,818th place; English: 1,692nd place)
lib.vt.edu
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2011). "Book reviews". Scholarly definition document. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)
- Peace, Kristin. "Journalism: Primary Sources". Pepperdine University. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
- "Primary, secondary and tertiary sources". University Libraries, University of Maryland.
- "Primary and secondary sources Archived 1 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine". Ithaca College Library.
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2011). "Book reviews". Scholarly definition document. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- "Primary Sources: what are they?" Archived 8 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Lafayette College Library.
- Leppard, David (4 May 2008). "Forgeries revealed in the National Archives – Times Online". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2011.