Rafferty 2011, pp. 2–3 n. 6, explaining, "Cicero can be described as the 'leader of the Senate' in its struggle against Antony... but that does not make him princeps senatus within the traditional meaning of that term". Rafferty, David (2011). "Princeps senatus". Melbourne Historical Journal. 39 (2): 1–22. ISSN0076-6232.