Programmer (English Wikipedia)

kotamat (15 September 2022). "ITエンジニアが「人手不足」な理由 – 日本のITエンジニア人口と今後の不足見通し - 人材紹介マガジン". ITエンジニアが「人手不足」な理由 – 日本のITエンジニア人口と今後の不足見通し - 人材紹介マガジン (in Japanese). Retrieved 13 November 2024.

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520^th place; English: 1,044^th place)

bootcamp.ce.arizona.edu

"Programmer vs. Software Engineer: What's the Difference?". ce.arizona.edu. University of Arizona. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

"BBC Bitesize - GCSE Computer Science - Programming software and the IDE - Revision 4". www.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
Shankleman, Martin (1 July 2010). "'One in 10' UK graduates jobless". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.

bls.gov (Global: 3,091^st place; English: 2,103^rd place)

"Computer Programmers: Occupational Outlook Handbook". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
Mann, Amar; Nunes, Tony (August 2009). "After the Dot-Com Bubble: Silicon Valley High-Tech Employment and Wages in 2001 and 2008" (PDF). Regional Report, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: 1–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
"Computer Programmers : Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". Archived from the original on 15 September 2012.
"Computer Programmers: Occupational Outlook Handbook". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
"Software Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers". Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
"Software Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers : Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". www.bls.gov. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
"Software Developers: Occupational Outlook Handbook". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 1 September 2013.

builtin.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Heinz, Kate (23 February 2021). "Software Engineer Vs. Programmer: What's the Difference?". builtin.com. Built In. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

businessinsider.com (Global: 201^st place; English: 139^th place)

Tan, Kwan Wei Kevin (14 March 2025). "Anthropic's CEO says that in 3 to 6 months, AI will be writing 90% of the code software developers were in charge of". Business Insider.
Kay, Grace. "Software engineers are panicking about being replaced by AI". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
Ito, Aki. "ChatGPT spells the end of coding as we know it". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
Zinkula, Jacob; Mok, Aaron. "ChatGPT may be coming for our jobs. Here are the 10 roles that AI is most likely to replace". Business Insider. Retrieved 12 May 2023.

businesstoday.in (Global: 2,918^th place; English: 1,469^th place)

"Software engineer jobs in danger due to ChatGPT-like tools? Here's what Google CEO Sundar Pichai has to say". Business Today. 6 April 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

Beckhusen, Julia (16 August 2016). "Occupations in Information Technology". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.

cnbc.com (Global: 303^rd place; English: 191^st place)

Cohen, Mikaela (15 April 2023). "These are the tech jobs most threatened by ChatGPT and A.I." CNBC. Retrieved 12 May 2023.

collegeboard.org (Global: low place; English: 5,409^th place)

apcentral.collegeboard.org

https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/media/pdf/ap-exam-volume-changes-2014-2024.pdf

computer.org (Global: 6,549^th place; English: 4,616^th place)

"Konrad Zuse". computer.org. IEEE. 2 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2023.

computerscience.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sartore, Melissa (22 December 2022). "What Is a Computer Programmer?". computerscience.org. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023. Explore this profession and discover how you can thrive in a computer programming career.

coursera.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"How to Become a Computer Programmer". Coursera Inc. 30 September 2022. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2023. Computer programmers often take courses and seek certifications to enter the field and stay current in their skills in this ever-evolving profession.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Fuegi, J.; Francis, J. (October–December 2003). "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 25 (4): 16–26. Bibcode:2003IAHC...25d..16F. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887.
Giloi, Wolfgang K. (1997). "Konrad Zuse's Plankalkül: The First High-Level 'non von Neumann' Programming Language". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 19 (2): 17–24. doi:10.1109/85.586068. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023.
Elmer C. Kubie (Summer 1994). "Recollections of the first software company". Annals of the History of Computing. 16 (2): 65–71. doi:10.1109/85.279238. S2CID 5733812.
Beaubouef, Theresa; Mason, John (June 2005). "Why the high attrition rate for computer science students: some thoughts and observations". ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. 37 (2): 103–106. doi:10.1145/1083431.1083474. S2CID 207157501.
Ou, Q.; Liang, W.; He, Z.; Liu, X.; Yang, R.; Wu, X. (2023). "Investigation and analysis of the current situation of programming education in primary and secondary schools". Heliyon. 9 (4) e15530. Bibcode:2023Heliy...915530O. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15530. PMC 10161691. PMID 37151627.

ebsco.com (Global: 3,424^th place; English: 2,154^th place)

"Computers in the Classroom | EBSCO Research Starters".

ed.gov (Global: 318^th place; English: 138^th place)

nces.ed.gov

"STEM Attrition: College Students' Paths Into and Out of STEM Fields". nces.ed.gov. 26 November 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.

eniacprogrammers.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Memorials". ENIAC Programmers Project. First Byte Productions. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2021.

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

Fowler, Gary. "Council Post: How Will ChatGPT Affect Jobs?". Forbes. Retrieved 12 May 2023.

fredonia.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Computer Science Club leads 'Hour of Code' activities | Fredonia.edu". www.fredonia.edu. Retrieved 11 August 2025.

futurism.com (Global: low place; English: 7,115^th place)

https://futurism.com/the-byte/berkeley-professor-grads-job-market

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

abcnews.go.com

Donaldson James, Susan (4 December 2007). "First Computer Programmers Inspire Documentary". ABC News. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2021.

hp.com (Global: 4,971^st place; English: 3,200^th place)

developers.hp.com

"hp's Developer Portal | HP International Women's Week: Women in Computer Science dropping since 1980s". developers.hp.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; English: 968^th place)

"1620 Data Processing System". IBM Archives. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

spectrum.ieee.org

Charette, Robert N. (30 August 2013). "The STEM Crisis is a Myth". IEEE (opinion). IEEE. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
"Inflation-Adjusted Income for U.S. Engineers Drops - IEEE Spectrum".

ieeecomputersociety.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.ieeecomputersociety.org

Giloi, Wolfgang K. (1997). "Konrad Zuse's Plankalkül: The First High-Level 'non von Neumann' Programming Language". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 19 (2): 17–24. doi:10.1109/85.586068. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023.

ilo.org (Global: 2,182^nd place; English: 2,511^th place)

webapps.ilo.org

Generative AI and Jobs https://webapps.ilo.org/static/english/intserv/working-papers/wp140/index.html

indeed.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"11 Types of Programming Jobs (With Duties and Salaries)". Indeed. 17 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.

japan-dev.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Programming in Japan: What's It Really Like?".

jetro.go.jp (Global: 5,972^nd place; English: low place)

""AI Utilization": Japan′s Unique Position to Become a World Leader | Japan Insight - Insights - Investing in Japan - Japan External Trade Organization". 2025.

logmi.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

"2030年に不足する79万人のIT人材は、技術者・専門家だけとは限らない DX推進に欠かせない「3種の人財」の重要性 | ログミーBusiness". logmi.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 13 November 2024.

maryville.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

online.maryville.edu

"Comparing Two Key Careers: Software Developer vs. Programmer". online.maryville.edu. 31 July 2020. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ou, Q.; Liang, W.; He, Z.; Liu, X.; Yang, R.; Wu, X. (2023). "Investigation and analysis of the current situation of programming education in primary and secondary schools". Heliyon. 9 (4) e15530. Bibcode:2023Heliy...915530O. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15530. PMC 10161691. PMID 37151627.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ou, Q.; Liang, W.; He, Z.; Liu, X.; Yang, R.; Wu, X. (2023). "Investigation and analysis of the current situation of programming education in primary and secondary schools". Heliyon. 9 (4) e15530. Bibcode:2023Heliy...915530O. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15530. PMC 10161691. PMID 37151627.

nypost.com (Global: 376^th place; English: 247^th place)

"ChatGPT could make these jobs obsolete". 25 January 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.

programminglibrarian.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hour of Code: How We Did It, What We Learned | Programming Librarian".

rasmussen.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brooks, Ashley (2019). "Computer Programmer vs. Software Developer: Decoding the Differences". Rasmussen University. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

Rojas, Raúl; Göktekin, Cüneyt; Friedland, Gerald; Krüger, Mike (February 2000). "Plankalkül: The First High-Level Programming Language and its Implementation". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2023.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Elmer C. Kubie (Summer 1994). "Recollections of the first software company". Annals of the History of Computing. 16 (2): 65–71. doi:10.1109/85.279238. S2CID 5733812.
Beaubouef, Theresa; Mason, John (June 2005). "Why the high attrition rate for computer science students: some thoughts and observations". ACM SIGCSE Bulletin. 37 (2): 103–106. doi:10.1145/1083431.1083474. S2CID 207157501.

simpleprogrammer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Jacob, Freya (16 March 2020). "6 Key Differences Between a Software Engineer and a Programmer". simpleprogrammer.com. The Simple Programmer. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

ucdavis.edu (Global: 2,336^th place; English: 1,492^nd place)

heather.cs.ucdavis.edu

Immigration and the tech industry: As a labour shortage remedy, for innovation, or for cost savings? Migration Letters, Volume: 10, No: 2, pp. 211 – 228 ISSN 1741-8984 & eISSN 1741-8992

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

Van Dam, Andrew (14 March 2025). "More than a quarter of computer-programming jobs just vanished. What happened?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 March 2025.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Programmer vs. Software Engineer: What's the Difference?". ce.arizona.edu. University of Arizona. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
Heinz, Kate (23 February 2021). "Software Engineer Vs. Programmer: What's the Difference?". builtin.com. Built In. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
Jacob, Freya (16 March 2020). "6 Key Differences Between a Software Engineer and a Programmer". simpleprogrammer.com. The Simple Programmer. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
"Konrad Zuse". computer.org. IEEE. 2 April 2018. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
Giloi, Wolfgang K. (1997). "Konrad Zuse's Plankalkül: The First High-Level 'non von Neumann' Programming Language". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 19 (2): 17–24. doi:10.1109/85.586068. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023.
Rojas, Raúl; Göktekin, Cüneyt; Friedland, Gerald; Krüger, Mike (February 2000). "Plankalkül: The First High-Level Programming Language and its Implementation". ResearchGate. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
"Memorials". ENIAC Programmers Project. First Byte Productions. 16 May 2014. Archived from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
Donaldson James, Susan (4 December 2007). "First Computer Programmers Inspire Documentary". ABC News. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
"1620 Data Processing System". IBM Archives. 23 January 2003. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
Beckhusen, Julia (16 August 2016). "Occupations in Information Technology". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
"Computer Programmers: Occupational Outlook Handbook". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
"How to Become a Computer Programmer". Coursera Inc. 30 September 2022. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2023. Computer programmers often take courses and seek certifications to enter the field and stay current in their skills in this ever-evolving profession.
"11 Types of Programming Jobs (With Duties and Salaries)". Indeed. 17 October 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
Sartore, Melissa (22 December 2022). "What Is a Computer Programmer?". computerscience.org. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2023. Explore this profession and discover how you can thrive in a computer programming career.
"BBC Bitesize - GCSE Computer Science - Programming software and the IDE - Revision 4". www.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
Shankleman, Martin (1 July 2010). "'One in 10' UK graduates jobless". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
Mann, Amar; Nunes, Tony (August 2009). "After the Dot-Com Bubble: Silicon Valley High-Tech Employment and Wages in 2001 and 2008" (PDF). Regional Report, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: 1–8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
Charette, Robert N. (30 August 2013). "The STEM Crisis is a Myth". IEEE (opinion). IEEE. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2021.
"STEM Attrition: College Students' Paths Into and Out of STEM Fields". nces.ed.gov. 26 November 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
"hp's Developer Portal | HP International Women's Week: Women in Computer Science dropping since 1980s". developers.hp.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
"Computer Programmers : Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". Archived from the original on 15 September 2012.
"Software Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers : Occupational Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". www.bls.gov. Archived from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
"Software Developers: Occupational Outlook Handbook". U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 1 September 2013.
Brooks, Ashley (2019). "Computer Programmer vs. Software Developer: Decoding the Differences". Rasmussen University. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
"Comparing Two Key Careers: Software Developer vs. Programmer". online.maryville.edu. 31 July 2020. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
Van Dam, Andrew (14 March 2025). "More than a quarter of computer-programming jobs just vanished. What happened?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 March 2025.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Immigration and the tech industry: As a labour shortage remedy, for innovation, or for cost savings? Migration Letters, Volume: 10, No: 2, pp. 211 – 228 ISSN 1741-8984 & eISSN 1741-8992

Programmer (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

agent-bank.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

media.agent-bank.com

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520th place; English: 1,044th place)

bootcamp.ce.arizona.edu

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bls.gov (Global: 3,091st place; English: 2,103rd place)

builtin.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 201st place; English: 139th place)

businesstoday.in (Global: 2,918th place; English: 1,469th place)

census.gov (Global: 18th place; English: 18th place)

cnbc.com (Global: 303rd place; English: 191st place)

collegeboard.org (Global: low place; English: 5,409th place)

apcentral.collegeboard.org

computer.org (Global: 6,549th place; English: 4,616th place)

computerscience.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

coursera.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

ebsco.com (Global: 3,424th place; English: 2,154th place)

ed.gov (Global: 318th place; English: 138th place)

nces.ed.gov

eniacprogrammers.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

forbes.com (Global: 71st place; English: 54th place)

fredonia.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

futurism.com (Global: low place; English: 7,115th place)

go.com (Global: 97th place; English: 79th place)

abcnews.go.com

hp.com (Global: 4,971st place; English: 3,200th place)

developers.hp.com

ibm.com (Global: 1,369th place; English: 968th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912th place; English: 722nd place)

spectrum.ieee.org

ieeecomputersociety.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.ieeecomputersociety.org

ilo.org (Global: 2,182nd place; English: 2,511th place)

webapps.ilo.org

indeed.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

japan-dev.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

jetro.go.jp (Global: 5,972nd place; English: low place)

logmi.jp (Global: low place; English: low place)

maryville.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

online.maryville.edu

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nypost.com (Global: 376th place; English: 247th place)

programminglibrarian.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

rasmussen.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96th place; English: 89th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

simpleprogrammer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

ucdavis.edu (Global: 2,336th place; English: 1,492nd place)

heather.cs.ucdavis.edu

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35th place; English: 24th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

zdnet.com (Global: 1,235th place; English: 855th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

arizona.edu (Global: 1,520^th place; English: 1,044^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bls.gov (Global: 3,091^st place; English: 2,103^rd place)

businessinsider.com (Global: 201^st place; English: 139^th place)

businesstoday.in (Global: 2,918^th place; English: 1,469^th place)

census.gov (Global: 18^th place; English: 18^th place)

cnbc.com (Global: 303^rd place; English: 191^st place)

collegeboard.org (Global: low place; English: 5,409^th place)

computer.org (Global: 6,549^th place; English: 4,616^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

ebsco.com (Global: 3,424^th place; English: 2,154^th place)

ed.gov (Global: 318^th place; English: 138^th place)

forbes.com (Global: 71^st place; English: 54^th place)

futurism.com (Global: low place; English: 7,115^th place)

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

hp.com (Global: 4,971^st place; English: 3,200^th place)

ibm.com (Global: 1,369^th place; English: 968^th place)

ieee.org (Global: 912^th place; English: 722^nd place)

ilo.org (Global: 2,182^nd place; English: 2,511^th place)

jetro.go.jp (Global: 5,972^nd place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

nypost.com (Global: 376^th place; English: 247^th place)

researchgate.net (Global: 96^th place; English: 89^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

ucdavis.edu (Global: 2,336^th place; English: 1,492^nd place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zdnet.com (Global: 1,235^th place; English: 855^th place)