Protoscience (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Protoscience" in English language version.

Last modified: 07:27:22, 31 July 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

4121doi.org

2^nd place

187worldcat.org

4^th place

176archive.org

6^th place

126springer.com

182^nd place

172^nd place

75nih.gov

5^th place

66books.google.com

3^rd place

54semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

33web.archive.org

1^st place

32adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

11cas.cz

1,605^th place

3,645^th place

11jstor.org

23^rd place

15^th place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Owens 2014. Owens, Nicholas J. P. (2014). "Sustained UK marine observations. Where have we been? Where are we now? Where are we going?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 372 (2025) 20130332. Bibcode:2014RSPTA.37230332O. doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0332. PMC 4150290. PMID 25157193. S2CID 34909909.
Newburgh, Peidle & Rueckner 2006. Newburgh, Ronald; Peidle, Joseph; Rueckner, Wolfgang (2006). "Einstein, Perrin, and the reality of atoms: 1905 revisited". American Journal of Physics. 74 (6): 478–481. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74..478N. doi:10.1119/1.2188962.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Bunge 1983, pp. 202–203. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, pp. 175, 202–03. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, p. 175. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, pp. 202–03. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, p. 203. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, p. 160. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Jones 1910, p. 94. Jones, Robert (1910). "Dualism in economics". The Clare Market Review. The students magazine of the London school of economics and political science. London: Students union.
Hobhouse 1915, p. 41. Hobhouse, Leonard Trelawny (1915). Morals in Evolution: A Study in Comparative Ethics. New York: Chapman & Hall.
Jones 1910. Jones, Robert (1910). "Dualism in economics". The Clare Market Review. The students magazine of the London school of economics and political science. London: Students union.
Fleck 1979, pp. 101–102. Fleck, Ludwik (1979), Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Univ. of Chicago, ISBN 978-0-226-25325-1. (written in German, 1935, Entstehung und Entwickelung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache: Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollectiv) English translation by Thaddeus J. Trenn and Fred Bradley, 1979 Archived 2023-04-06 at the Wayback Machine Edited by Thaddeus J. Trenn and Robert K. Merton. Foreword by Robert K. Merton
Fleck 1979, pp. 118–120, 142–145. Fleck, Ludwik (1979), Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Univ. of Chicago, ISBN 978-0-226-25325-1. (written in German, 1935, Entstehung und Entwickelung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache: Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollectiv) English translation by Thaddeus J. Trenn and Fred Bradley, 1979 Archived 2023-04-06 at the Wayback Machine Edited by Thaddeus J. Trenn and Robert K. Merton. Foreword by Robert K. Merton
Heene & Ferguson 2017, p. 37. Heene, Moritz; Ferguson, Christopher J. (2017). "Psychological Science's Aversion to the Null, and Why Many of the Things You Think Are True, Aren't". In Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Waldman, Irwin D. (eds.). Psychological science under scrutiny: recent challenges and proposed solutions. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 34–52. ISBN 978-1-118-66107-9.

cas.cz (Global: 1,605^th place; English: 3,645^th place)

teorievedy.flu.cas.cz

Hendrix, Scott E. (2011). "Natural Philosophy or Science in Premodern Epistemic Regimes? The Case of the Astrology of Albert the Great and Galileo Galilei". Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science. 33 (1): 111–132. doi:10.46938/tv.2011.72. S2CID 258069710. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Tuomela 1987. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Bunge 1983, pp. 202–203. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Tuomela 1987, pp. 89–90. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Hendrix, Scott E. (2011). "Natural Philosophy or Science in Premodern Epistemic Regimes? The Case of the Astrology of Albert the Great and Galileo Galilei". Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science. 33 (1): 111–132. doi:10.46938/tv.2011.72. S2CID 258069710. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
Bunge 1983, pp. 175, 202–03. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Tuomela 1987, p. 88. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Bunge 1983, p. 175. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, pp. 202–03. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Tuomela 1987, p. 91. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Tuomela 1987, p. 92. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Bunge 1983, p. 203. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 2010, p. 253. Bunge, Mario (2010). Matter and Mind: a philosophical inquiry. Boston studies in the philosophy of science. Vol. 287. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9225-0. ISBN 978-90-481-9224-3.
Bunge 1983, p. 160. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Johnson 2021, p. 42. Johnson, Carl Garth (2021). "The Nlhaykapmx Oral Tradition of the Three Bears: Interpretations Old And New". Canadian Journal of Native Education. 25 (1): Vol. 25 No. 1 (2001). doi:10.14288/cjne.v25i1.195901.
Owens 2014. Owens, Nicholas J. P. (2014). "Sustained UK marine observations. Where have we been? Where are we now? Where are we going?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 372 (2025) 20130332. Bibcode:2014RSPTA.37230332O. doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0332. PMC 4150290. PMID 25157193. S2CID 34909909.
Newburgh, Peidle & Rueckner 2006. Newburgh, Ronald; Peidle, Joseph; Rueckner, Wolfgang (2006). "Einstein, Perrin, and the reality of atoms: 1905 revisited". American Journal of Physics. 74 (6): 478–481. Bibcode:2006AmJPh..74..478N. doi:10.1119/1.2188962.
Tuomela 1987, p. 100. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Grant & Cavanagh 2007. Grant, Anthony M.; Cavanagh, Michael J. (2007). "Evidence-based coaching: Flourishing or languishing?". Australian Psychologist. 42 (4): 239–254. doi:10.1080/00050060701648175.
Grimes, Schulz & Raymond 2010. Grimes, David A.; Schulz, Kenneth F.; Raymond, Elizabeth G. (2010). "Surrogate end points in women's health research: science, protoscience, and pseudoscience". Fertility and Sterility. 93 (6): 1731–1734. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.12.054. PMID 20153470.
Kaplan & Barach 2002. Kaplan, H.; Barach, P. (2002). "Incident reporting: science or protoscience? Ten years later". BMJ Quality & Safety. 11 (2): 144–145. doi:10.1136/qhc.11.2.144. PMC 1743593. PMID 12448806. S2CID 22816124.
Hatleback 2018. Hatleback, Eric N (2018). "The protoscience of cybersecurity". The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology. 15 (1): 5–12. doi:10.1177/1548512917737635. S2CID 64688425.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Sehon 1997. Sehon, Scott R. (1997). "Natural-Kind Terms and the Status of Folk Psychology". American Philosophical Quarterly. 34 (3): 333–344. ISSN 0003-0481. JSTOR 20009903.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Owens 2014. Owens, Nicholas J. P. (2014). "Sustained UK marine observations. Where have we been? Where are we now? Where are we going?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 372 (2025) 20130332. Bibcode:2014RSPTA.37230332O. doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0332. PMC 4150290. PMID 25157193. S2CID 34909909.
Grimes, Schulz & Raymond 2010. Grimes, David A.; Schulz, Kenneth F.; Raymond, Elizabeth G. (2010). "Surrogate end points in women's health research: science, protoscience, and pseudoscience". Fertility and Sterility. 93 (6): 1731–1734. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.12.054. PMID 20153470.
Kaplan & Barach 2002. Kaplan, H.; Barach, P. (2002). "Incident reporting: science or protoscience? Ten years later". BMJ Quality & Safety. 11 (2): 144–145. doi:10.1136/qhc.11.2.144. PMC 1743593. PMID 12448806. S2CID 22816124.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Owens 2014. Owens, Nicholas J. P. (2014). "Sustained UK marine observations. Where have we been? Where are we now? Where are we going?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 372 (2025) 20130332. Bibcode:2014RSPTA.37230332O. doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0332. PMC 4150290. PMID 25157193. S2CID 34909909.
Kaplan & Barach 2002. Kaplan, H.; Barach, P. (2002). "Incident reporting: science or protoscience? Ten years later". BMJ Quality & Safety. 11 (2): 144–145. doi:10.1136/qhc.11.2.144. PMC 1743593. PMID 12448806. S2CID 22816124.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Hendrix, Scott E. (2011). "Natural Philosophy or Science in Premodern Epistemic Regimes? The Case of the Astrology of Albert the Great and Galileo Galilei". Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science. 33 (1): 111–132. doi:10.46938/tv.2011.72. S2CID 258069710. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
Owens 2014. Owens, Nicholas J. P. (2014). "Sustained UK marine observations. Where have we been? Where are we now? Where are we going?". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 372 (2025) 20130332. Bibcode:2014RSPTA.37230332O. doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0332. PMC 4150290. PMID 25157193. S2CID 34909909.
Kaplan & Barach 2002. Kaplan, H.; Barach, P. (2002). "Incident reporting: science or protoscience? Ten years later". BMJ Quality & Safety. 11 (2): 144–145. doi:10.1136/qhc.11.2.144. PMC 1743593. PMID 12448806. S2CID 22816124.
Hatleback 2018. Hatleback, Eric N (2018). "The protoscience of cybersecurity". The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology. 15 (1): 5–12. doi:10.1177/1548512917737635. S2CID 64688425.

springer.com (Global: 182^nd place; English: 172^nd place)

link.springer.com

Tuomela 1987. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Tuomela 1987, pp. 89–90. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Tuomela 1987, p. 88. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Tuomela 1987, p. 91. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Tuomela 1987, p. 92. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.
Tuomela 1987, p. 100. Tuomela, Raimo (1987). "Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience". In Pitt, Joseph C.; Pera, Marcello (eds.). Rational Changes in Science: Essays on Scientific Reasoning. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 83–102. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6. ISBN 978-94-009-3780-2.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Hendrix, Scott E. (2011). "Natural Philosophy or Science in Premodern Epistemic Regimes? The Case of the Astrology of Albert the Great and Galileo Galilei". Teorie Vědy / Theory of Science. 33 (1): 111–132. doi:10.46938/tv.2011.72. S2CID 258069710. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012. Retrieved 20 February 2012.
Fleck 1979, pp. 101–102. Fleck, Ludwik (1979), Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Univ. of Chicago, ISBN 978-0-226-25325-1. (written in German, 1935, Entstehung und Entwickelung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache: Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollectiv) English translation by Thaddeus J. Trenn and Fred Bradley, 1979 Archived 2023-04-06 at the Wayback Machine Edited by Thaddeus J. Trenn and Robert K. Merton. Foreword by Robert K. Merton
Fleck 1979, pp. 118–120, 142–145. Fleck, Ludwik (1979), Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact, Univ. of Chicago, ISBN 978-0-226-25325-1. (written in German, 1935, Entstehung und Entwickelung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache: Einführung in die Lehre vom Denkstil und Denkkollectiv) English translation by Thaddeus J. Trenn and Fred Bradley, 1979 Archived 2023-04-06 at the Wayback Machine Edited by Thaddeus J. Trenn and Robert K. Merton. Foreword by Robert K. Merton

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Bunge 1983, pp. 202–203. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, pp. 175, 202–03. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, p. 175. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, pp. 202–03. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, p. 203. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Bunge 1983, p. 160. Bunge, Mario (1983). Epistemology & Methodology II: Understanding the World. Treatise on Basic Philosophy. Vol. 6. Dordrecht: Reidel. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-6921-7. ISBN 90-277-1634-X. OCLC 9759870.
Sehon 1997. Sehon, Scott R. (1997). "Natural-Kind Terms and the Status of Folk Psychology". American Philosophical Quarterly. 34 (3): 333–344. ISSN 0003-0481. JSTOR 20009903.

Protoscience (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

cas.cz (Global: 1,605th place; English: 3,645th place)