Psilocybin mushroom (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Psilocybin mushroom" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

38nih.gov

4^th place

30doi.org

2^nd place

25web.archive.org

1^st place

10semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

4books.google.com

3^rd place

4archive.org

6^th place

3harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

2maps.org

low place

9,968^th place

2worldcat.org

5^th place

2ballotpedia.org

2,309^th place

1,336^th place

1academia.edu

121^st place

142^nd place

1drugabuse.gov

6,166^th place

5,476^th place

1rovereto.tn.it

low place

1magic-mushrooms.net

low place

1psychedelicreview.com

low place

1europa.eu

68^th place

117^th place

1canada.ca

1,712^th place

1,063^rd place

1psu.edu

207^th place

136^th place

1usdoj.gov

2,755^th place

1,753^rd place

1justice.gov

918^th place

556^th place

1sciencedirect.com

149^th place

178^th place

1erowid.org

3,887^th place

3,197^th place

1wired.com

193^rd place

152^nd place

1nytimes.com

7^th place

1tandfonline.com

507^th place

429^th place

1redalyc.org

2,649^th place

5,857^th place

1businesswire.com

615^th place

407^th place

1coloradosun.com

low place

7,764^th place

1npr.org

92^nd place

72^nd place

1sporestock.com

low place

1dea.gov

8,191^st place

5,785^th place

1wicourts.gov

low place

academia.edu

Samorini, Giorgio (1992). "The oldest representations of hallucinogenic mushrooms in the world (Sahara Desert, 9000-7000 BP)". Integration. Zeitschrift für geistbewegende Pflanzen und Kultur. 2/3: 69–75.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

archive.org

Lattin, Don (2010). The Harvard Psychedelic Club: How Timothy Leary, Ram Dass, Huston Smith, and Andrew Weil killed the fifties and ushered in a new age for America (1st ed.). New York: HarperOne. pp. 37–44. ISBN 978-0-06-165593-7.
Monaghan, John D.; Cohen, Jeffrey H. (2000). "Thirty years of Oaxacan ethnography". In Monaghan, John; Edmonson, Barbara (eds.). Ethnology. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-292-70881-5.
Kuhn, Cynthia; Swartzwelder, Scott; Wilson, Wilkie (2003). Buzzed: The Straight Facts about the Most Used and Abused Drugs from Alcohol to Ecstasy. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-393-32493-8.
Schultes, Richard Evans (1976). Hallucinogenic Plants. Illustrated by Elmer W. Smith. New York: Golden Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-307-24362-1.

ballotpedia.org

"Oregon Measure 109, Psilocybin Mushroom Services Program Initiative (2020)". ballotpedia.org. November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
"Colorado Proposition 122, Decriminalization and Regulated Access Program for Certain Psychedelic Plants and Fungi Initiative (2022)". ballotpedia.org. November 8, 2022. Archived from the original on July 20, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.

books.google.com

Brande E. (1799). "Mr. E. Brande, on a poisonous species of Agaric". The Medical and Physical Journal: Containing the Earliest Information on Subjects of Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacy, Chemistry, and Natural History. 3 (11): 41–44. PMC 5659401. PMID 30490162. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
Wasson RG (1957). "Seeking the magic mushroom". Life. No. May 13. pp. 100–120. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
Monaghan, John D.; Cohen, Jeffrey H. (2000). "Thirty years of Oaxacan ethnography". In Monaghan, John; Edmonson, Barbara (eds.). Ethnology. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-292-70881-5.
Ballesteros, S.; Ramón, M.F.; Iturralde, M.J.; Martínez-Arrieta, R. (2006). "Natural Sources of Drugs of Abuse: Magic Mushrooms". In Cole, S.M. (ed.). New Research on Street Drugs. Nova Science Publishers. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-59454-961-8. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2016.

businesswire.com

"FDA grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Usona Institute's psilocybin program for major depressive disorder". Business Wire. November 22, 2019. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2020.

canada.ca

Canada, Health (January 12, 2012). "Magic mushrooms – Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2017.

coloradosun.com

Brown, Jennifer (November 10, 2022). "Colorado becomes second state to legalize "magic mushrooms"". The Colorado Sun. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.

dea.gov

"Psilocybin Drug Fact Sheet" (PDF). dea.gov. April 21, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.

doi.org

Wennig, R; Eyer, F; Schaper, A; Zilker, T; Andresen-Streichert, H (2020). "Mushroom Poisoning". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 117 (42): 701–708. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2020.0701. PMC 7868946. PMID 33559585.
Guzmán G. (2008). "Hallucinogenic mushrooms in Mexico: An overview". Economic Botany. 62 (3): 404–412. Bibcode:2008EcBot..62..404G. doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9033-8. S2CID 22085876.
Akers, Brian P.; Ruiz, Juan Francisco; Piper, Alan; Ruck, Carl A. P. (2011). "A Prehistoric Mural in Spain Depicting Neurotropic Psilocybe Mushrooms?1". Economic Botany. 65 (2): 121–128. doi:10.1007/s12231-011-9152-5. S2CID 3955222.
F.J. Carod-Artal (January 1, 2015). "Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures". Neurología (English Edition). 30 (1): 42–49. doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.07.010. PMID 21893367.
Hofmann A, Frey A, Ott H, Petrzilka T, Troxler F (1958). "Konstitutionsaufklärung und Synthese von Psilocybin" [The composition and synthesis of psilocybin]. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (in German). 14 (11): 397–399. doi:10.1007/BF02160424. PMID 13609599. S2CID 33692940.
Hofmann A, Heim R, Brack A, Kobel H (1958). "Psilocybin, ein psychotroper Wirkstoff aus dem mexikanischen Rauschpilz Psilocybe mexicana Heim" [Psilocybin, a psychotropic drug from the Mexican magic mushroom Psilocybe mexicana Heim]. Experientia (in German). 14 (3): 107–109. doi:10.1007/BF02159243. PMID 13537892. S2CID 42898430.
Gotvaldova, Klara; Borovicka, Jan; Hajkova, Katerina; Cihlarova, Petra; Rockefeller, Alan; Kuchar, Martin (2022). "Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (22): 14068. doi:10.3390/ijms232214068. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 9693126. PMID 36430546.
Guzmán, G. (2005). "Species diversity of the genus Psilocybe (Basidiomycotina, Agaricales, Strophariaceae) in the world mycobiota, with special attention to hallucinogenic properties". International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms. 7 (1–2): 305–331. doi:10.1615/intjmedmushr.v7.i12.280.
Wurst, M.; Kysilka, R.; Flieger, M. (2002). "Psychoactive tryptamines from Basidiomycetes". Folia Microbiologica. 47 (1): 3–27 [5]. doi:10.1007/BF02818560. PMID 11980266. S2CID 31056807.
Pepe M, Hesami M, de la Cerda KA, Perreault ML, Hsiang T, Jones AM (December 2023). "A journey with psychedelic mushrooms: From historical relevance to biology, cultivation, medicinal uses, biotechnology, and beyond". Biotechnol Adv. 69: 108247. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108247. PMID 37659744. Additionally, various compounds can collectively contribute to what is known as "the entourage effect", which describes the synergistic interaction of a variety of different metabolites that enhance the activity of the primary active components (Russo, 2019). Tryptamine concentrations and profiles across different Psilocybe species are highly variable. Thus, the diversity of Psilocybe species results in differential production of an assortment of tryptamines in different concentrations (Glatfelter et al., 2022), which is likely responsible for variable psychoactive effects of various mushrooms.
Sherwood AM, Halberstadt AL, Klein AK, McCorvy JD, Kaylo KW, Kargbo RB, Meisenheimer P (February 2020). "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tryptamines Found in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Norbaeocystin, Baeocystin, Norpsilocin, and Aeruginascin". J Nat Prod. 83 (2): 461–467. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01061. PMID 32077284.
Glatfelter GC, Pottie E, Partilla JS, Sherwood AM, Kaylo K, Pham DN, Naeem M, Sammeta VR, DeBoer S, Golen JA, Hulley EB, Stove CP, Chadeayne AR, Manke DR, Baumann MH (November 2022). "Structure-Activity Relationships for Psilocybin, Baeocystin, Aeruginascin, and Related Analogues to Produce Pharmacological Effects in Mice". ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 5 (11): 1181–1196. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.2c00177. PMC 9667540. PMID 36407948.
Rakoczy RJ, Runge GN, Sen AK, Sandoval O, Wells HG, Nguyen Q, Roberts BR, Sciortino JH, Gibbons WJ, Friedberg LM, Jones JA, McMurray MS (October 2024). "Pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin-containing mushrooms". Br J Pharmacol. 181 (19): 3627–3641. doi:10.1111/bph.16466. PMID 38825326.
Lerer L, Botvinnik A, Spear K, Shahar O, Lipski P, Calderon H, Blakolmer K, Lifschytz T, Lerer B (December 2022). "ACNP 61st Annual Meeting: Poster Abstracts P271-P540: P425. Tripping Mice and Stoned Fish: Head Twitch Response (HTR) and Behavioral Phenotypic Evidence of Effect Differences Between Synthetic Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract". Neuropsychopharmacology. 47 (Suppl 1): 220–370 (308–309). doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01485-0. PMC 9714399. PMID 36456694.
Zhuk O, Jasicka-Misiak I, Poliwoda A, Kazakova A, Godovan VV, Halama M, Wieczorek PP (March 2015). "Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice". Toxins (Basel). 7 (4): 1018–1029. doi:10.3390/toxins7041018. PMC 4417952. PMID 25826052.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Blei F, Dörner S, Fricke J, Baldeweg F, Trottmann F, Komor A, Meyer F, Hertweck C, Hoffmeister D (January 2020). "Simultaneous Production of Psilocybin and a Cocktail of β-Carboline Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in 'Magic' Mushrooms". Chemistry: A European Journal. 26 (3): 729–734. doi:10.1002/chem.201904363. PMC 7003923. PMID 31729089.
Krüzselyi D, Vetter J, Ott PG, Darcsi A, Béni S, Gömöry Á, Drahos L, Zsila F, Móricz ÁM (September 2019). "Isolation and structural elucidation of a novel brunnein-type antioxidant β-carboline alkaloid from Cyclocybe cylindracea". Fitoterapia. 137: 104180. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104180. PMID 31150766. S2CID 172137046.
Teichert A, Lübken T, Schmidt J, Kuhnt C, Huth M, Porzel A, Wessjohann L, Arnold N (2008). "Determination of beta-carboline alkaloids in fruiting bodies of Hygrophorus spp. by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 19 (4): 335–41. Bibcode:2008PChAn..19..335T. doi:10.1002/pca.1057. PMID 18401852.
Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis". Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.1283. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6. PMID 21036393. S2CID 5667719.
Passie, T.; Seifert, J.; Schneider, und; Emrich, H.M. (2002). "The pharmacology of psilocybin". Addiction Biology. 7 (4): 357–364. doi:10.1080/1355621021000005937. PMID 14578010. S2CID 12656091.
van Amsterdam, J.; Opperhuizen, A.; van den Brink, W. (2011). "Harm potential of magic mushroom use: A review". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 59 (3): 423–429. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.006. PMID 21256914.
Wittmann, M.; Carter, O.; Hasler, F.; Cahn, B.R.; Grimberg, und; Spring, P.; Hell, D.; Flohr, H.; Vollenweider, F.X. (2007). "Effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behavior in humans". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 21 (1): 50–64. doi:10.1177/0269881106065859. PMID 16714323. S2CID 3165579.
Laussmann, Tim; Meier-Giebing, Sigrid (2010). "Forensic analysis of hallucinogenic mushrooms and khat (Catha edulisForsk) using cation-exchange liquid chromatography". Forensic Science International. 1 (3): 160–164. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.013. PMID 20047807.
Bigwood J, Beug MW (1982). "Variation of psilocybin and psilocin levels with repeated flushes (harvests) of mature sporocarps of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 5 (3): 287–291. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(82)90014-9. PMID 7201054.
Kosentka, Pawel (2013). "Evolution of the toxins muscarine and psilocybin in a family of mushroom-forming fungi". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e64646. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...864646K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064646. PMC 3662758. PMID 23717644.
Chilton, Scott; Bigwood, Jeremy (1979). "Chilton, W. Scott, Jeremy Bigwood, and Robert E. Jensen. "Psilocin, bufotenine, and serotonin: historical and biosynthetic observations". Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 11.1 (2): 61–69. doi:10.1080/02791072.1979.10472093. PMID 392119. Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
Zhuk, Olga (2015). "Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice". Toxins. 7 (4): 1018–1029. doi:10.3390/toxins7041018. PMC 4417952. PMID 25826052.
Lima, Afonso DL (2012). "Poisonous mushrooms; a review of the most common intoxications" (PDF). Nutricion Hospitalaria. 27 (2): 402–408. doi:10.3305/nh.2012.27.2.5328. PMID 22732961. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
Bui, Eric; King, Franklin; Melaragno, Andrew (December 1, 2019). "Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the 21st century: A call for novel approaches (Review)". General Psychiatry. 32 (6): e100136. doi:10.1136/gpsych-2019-100136. PMC 6936967. PMID 31922087.
Doblin, Richard E.; Christiansen, Merete; Jerome, Lisa; Burge, Brad (March 15, 2019). "The Past and Future of Psychedelic Science: An Introduction to This Issue". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 51 (2): 93–97. doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1606472. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 31132970. S2CID 167220251.

drugabuse.gov

Abuse, National Institute on Drug (April 22, 2019). "Hallucinogens DrugFacts". National Institute on Drug Abuse. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2020.

erowid.org

Erowid (2006). "Erowid Psilocybin Mushroom Vault: Dosage" (shtml). Erowid. Archived from the original on December 23, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2006.

europa.eu

emcdda.europa.eu

"Hallucinogenic mushrooms drug profile". European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Guzmán G. (2008). "Hallucinogenic mushrooms in Mexico: An overview". Economic Botany. 62 (3): 404–412. Bibcode:2008EcBot..62..404G. doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9033-8. S2CID 22085876.
Teichert A, Lübken T, Schmidt J, Kuhnt C, Huth M, Porzel A, Wessjohann L, Arnold N (2008). "Determination of beta-carboline alkaloids in fruiting bodies of Hygrophorus spp. by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 19 (4): 335–41. Bibcode:2008PChAn..19..335T. doi:10.1002/pca.1057. PMID 18401852.
Kosentka, Pawel (2013). "Evolution of the toxins muscarine and psilocybin in a family of mushroom-forming fungi". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e64646. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...864646K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064646. PMC 3662758. PMID 23717644.

justice.gov

"Psilocybin Fast Facts". National Drug Intelligence Center, US Department of Justice. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

magic-mushrooms.net

Guzmán G, Allen JW, Gartz J (1998). "A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion" (PDF). Annali del Museo Civico di Rovereto. 14: 207. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 26, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2017.

maps.org

"Dr. Leary's Concord Prison Experiment: A 34-Year Follow-Up Study". Bulletin of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. 9 (4): 10–18. 1999. Archived from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
DMT – UN report, MAPS, March 31, 2001, archived from the original on January 21, 2012, retrieved January 14, 2012

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wennig, R; Eyer, F; Schaper, A; Zilker, T; Andresen-Streichert, H (2020). "Mushroom Poisoning". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 117 (42): 701–708. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2020.0701. PMC 7868946. PMID 33559585.
F.J. Carod-Artal (January 1, 2015). "Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures". Neurología (English Edition). 30 (1): 42–49. doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.07.010. PMID 21893367.
Brande E. (1799). "Mr. E. Brande, on a poisonous species of Agaric". The Medical and Physical Journal: Containing the Earliest Information on Subjects of Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacy, Chemistry, and Natural History. 3 (11): 41–44. PMC 5659401. PMID 30490162. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
Hofmann A, Frey A, Ott H, Petrzilka T, Troxler F (1958). "Konstitutionsaufklärung und Synthese von Psilocybin" [The composition and synthesis of psilocybin]. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (in German). 14 (11): 397–399. doi:10.1007/BF02160424. PMID 13609599. S2CID 33692940.
Hofmann A, Heim R, Brack A, Kobel H (1958). "Psilocybin, ein psychotroper Wirkstoff aus dem mexikanischen Rauschpilz Psilocybe mexicana Heim" [Psilocybin, a psychotropic drug from the Mexican magic mushroom Psilocybe mexicana Heim]. Experientia (in German). 14 (3): 107–109. doi:10.1007/BF02159243. PMID 13537892. S2CID 42898430.
Gotvaldova, Klara; Borovicka, Jan; Hajkova, Katerina; Cihlarova, Petra; Rockefeller, Alan; Kuchar, Martin (2022). "Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (22): 14068. doi:10.3390/ijms232214068. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 9693126. PMID 36430546.
Wurst, M.; Kysilka, R.; Flieger, M. (2002). "Psychoactive tryptamines from Basidiomycetes". Folia Microbiologica. 47 (1): 3–27 [5]. doi:10.1007/BF02818560. PMID 11980266. S2CID 31056807.
Pepe M, Hesami M, de la Cerda KA, Perreault ML, Hsiang T, Jones AM (December 2023). "A journey with psychedelic mushrooms: From historical relevance to biology, cultivation, medicinal uses, biotechnology, and beyond". Biotechnol Adv. 69: 108247. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108247. PMID 37659744. Additionally, various compounds can collectively contribute to what is known as "the entourage effect", which describes the synergistic interaction of a variety of different metabolites that enhance the activity of the primary active components (Russo, 2019). Tryptamine concentrations and profiles across different Psilocybe species are highly variable. Thus, the diversity of Psilocybe species results in differential production of an assortment of tryptamines in different concentrations (Glatfelter et al., 2022), which is likely responsible for variable psychoactive effects of various mushrooms.
Sherwood AM, Halberstadt AL, Klein AK, McCorvy JD, Kaylo KW, Kargbo RB, Meisenheimer P (February 2020). "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tryptamines Found in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Norbaeocystin, Baeocystin, Norpsilocin, and Aeruginascin". J Nat Prod. 83 (2): 461–467. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01061. PMID 32077284.
Glatfelter GC, Pottie E, Partilla JS, Sherwood AM, Kaylo K, Pham DN, Naeem M, Sammeta VR, DeBoer S, Golen JA, Hulley EB, Stove CP, Chadeayne AR, Manke DR, Baumann MH (November 2022). "Structure-Activity Relationships for Psilocybin, Baeocystin, Aeruginascin, and Related Analogues to Produce Pharmacological Effects in Mice". ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 5 (11): 1181–1196. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.2c00177. PMC 9667540. PMID 36407948.
Rakoczy RJ, Runge GN, Sen AK, Sandoval O, Wells HG, Nguyen Q, Roberts BR, Sciortino JH, Gibbons WJ, Friedberg LM, Jones JA, McMurray MS (October 2024). "Pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin-containing mushrooms". Br J Pharmacol. 181 (19): 3627–3641. doi:10.1111/bph.16466. PMID 38825326.
Lerer L, Botvinnik A, Spear K, Shahar O, Lipski P, Calderon H, Blakolmer K, Lifschytz T, Lerer B (December 2022). "ACNP 61st Annual Meeting: Poster Abstracts P271-P540: P425. Tripping Mice and Stoned Fish: Head Twitch Response (HTR) and Behavioral Phenotypic Evidence of Effect Differences Between Synthetic Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract". Neuropsychopharmacology. 47 (Suppl 1): 220–370 (308–309). doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01485-0. PMC 9714399. PMID 36456694.
Zhuk O, Jasicka-Misiak I, Poliwoda A, Kazakova A, Godovan VV, Halama M, Wieczorek PP (March 2015). "Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice". Toxins (Basel). 7 (4): 1018–1029. doi:10.3390/toxins7041018. PMC 4417952. PMID 25826052.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Blei F, Dörner S, Fricke J, Baldeweg F, Trottmann F, Komor A, Meyer F, Hertweck C, Hoffmeister D (January 2020). "Simultaneous Production of Psilocybin and a Cocktail of β-Carboline Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in 'Magic' Mushrooms". Chemistry: A European Journal. 26 (3): 729–734. doi:10.1002/chem.201904363. PMC 7003923. PMID 31729089.
Krüzselyi D, Vetter J, Ott PG, Darcsi A, Béni S, Gömöry Á, Drahos L, Zsila F, Móricz ÁM (September 2019). "Isolation and structural elucidation of a novel brunnein-type antioxidant β-carboline alkaloid from Cyclocybe cylindracea". Fitoterapia. 137: 104180. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104180. PMID 31150766. S2CID 172137046.
Teichert A, Lübken T, Schmidt J, Kuhnt C, Huth M, Porzel A, Wessjohann L, Arnold N (2008). "Determination of beta-carboline alkaloids in fruiting bodies of Hygrophorus spp. by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 19 (4): 335–41. Bibcode:2008PChAn..19..335T. doi:10.1002/pca.1057. PMID 18401852.
Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis". Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.1283. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6. PMID 21036393. S2CID 5667719.
Passie, T.; Seifert, J.; Schneider, und; Emrich, H.M. (2002). "The pharmacology of psilocybin". Addiction Biology. 7 (4): 357–364. doi:10.1080/1355621021000005937. PMID 14578010. S2CID 12656091.
van Amsterdam, J.; Opperhuizen, A.; van den Brink, W. (2011). "Harm potential of magic mushroom use: A review". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 59 (3): 423–429. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.006. PMID 21256914.
Wittmann, M.; Carter, O.; Hasler, F.; Cahn, B.R.; Grimberg, und; Spring, P.; Hell, D.; Flohr, H.; Vollenweider, F.X. (2007). "Effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behavior in humans". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 21 (1): 50–64. doi:10.1177/0269881106065859. PMID 16714323. S2CID 3165579.
Laussmann, Tim; Meier-Giebing, Sigrid (2010). "Forensic analysis of hallucinogenic mushrooms and khat (Catha edulisForsk) using cation-exchange liquid chromatography". Forensic Science International. 1 (3): 160–164. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.013. PMID 20047807.
Bigwood J, Beug MW (1982). "Variation of psilocybin and psilocin levels with repeated flushes (harvests) of mature sporocarps of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Singer". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 5 (3): 287–291. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(82)90014-9. PMID 7201054.
Kosentka, Pawel (2013). "Evolution of the toxins muscarine and psilocybin in a family of mushroom-forming fungi". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e64646. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...864646K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064646. PMC 3662758. PMID 23717644.
Chilton, Scott; Bigwood, Jeremy (1979). "Chilton, W. Scott, Jeremy Bigwood, and Robert E. Jensen. "Psilocin, bufotenine, and serotonin: historical and biosynthetic observations". Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 11.1 (2): 61–69. doi:10.1080/02791072.1979.10472093. PMID 392119. Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
Zhuk, Olga (2015). "Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice". Toxins. 7 (4): 1018–1029. doi:10.3390/toxins7041018. PMC 4417952. PMID 25826052.
Lima, Afonso DL (2012). "Poisonous mushrooms; a review of the most common intoxications" (PDF). Nutricion Hospitalaria. 27 (2): 402–408. doi:10.3305/nh.2012.27.2.5328. PMID 22732961. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
Bui, Eric; King, Franklin; Melaragno, Andrew (December 1, 2019). "Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the 21st century: A call for novel approaches (Review)". General Psychiatry. 32 (6): e100136. doi:10.1136/gpsych-2019-100136. PMC 6936967. PMID 31922087.
Doblin, Richard E.; Christiansen, Merete; Jerome, Lisa; Burge, Brad (March 15, 2019). "The Past and Future of Psychedelic Science: An Introduction to This Issue". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 51 (2): 93–97. doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1606472. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 31132970. S2CID 167220251.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wennig, R; Eyer, F; Schaper, A; Zilker, T; Andresen-Streichert, H (2020). "Mushroom Poisoning". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 117 (42): 701–708. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2020.0701. PMC 7868946. PMID 33559585.
Brande E. (1799). "Mr. E. Brande, on a poisonous species of Agaric". The Medical and Physical Journal: Containing the Earliest Information on Subjects of Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacy, Chemistry, and Natural History. 3 (11): 41–44. PMC 5659401. PMID 30490162. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
Gotvaldova, Klara; Borovicka, Jan; Hajkova, Katerina; Cihlarova, Petra; Rockefeller, Alan; Kuchar, Martin (2022). "Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (22): 14068. doi:10.3390/ijms232214068. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 9693126. PMID 36430546.
Glatfelter GC, Pottie E, Partilla JS, Sherwood AM, Kaylo K, Pham DN, Naeem M, Sammeta VR, DeBoer S, Golen JA, Hulley EB, Stove CP, Chadeayne AR, Manke DR, Baumann MH (November 2022). "Structure-Activity Relationships for Psilocybin, Baeocystin, Aeruginascin, and Related Analogues to Produce Pharmacological Effects in Mice". ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 5 (11): 1181–1196. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.2c00177. PMC 9667540. PMID 36407948.
Lerer L, Botvinnik A, Spear K, Shahar O, Lipski P, Calderon H, Blakolmer K, Lifschytz T, Lerer B (December 2022). "ACNP 61st Annual Meeting: Poster Abstracts P271-P540: P425. Tripping Mice and Stoned Fish: Head Twitch Response (HTR) and Behavioral Phenotypic Evidence of Effect Differences Between Synthetic Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract". Neuropsychopharmacology. 47 (Suppl 1): 220–370 (308–309). doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01485-0. PMC 9714399. PMID 36456694.
Zhuk O, Jasicka-Misiak I, Poliwoda A, Kazakova A, Godovan VV, Halama M, Wieczorek PP (March 2015). "Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice". Toxins (Basel). 7 (4): 1018–1029. doi:10.3390/toxins7041018. PMC 4417952. PMID 25826052.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Blei F, Dörner S, Fricke J, Baldeweg F, Trottmann F, Komor A, Meyer F, Hertweck C, Hoffmeister D (January 2020). "Simultaneous Production of Psilocybin and a Cocktail of β-Carboline Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in 'Magic' Mushrooms". Chemistry: A European Journal. 26 (3): 729–734. doi:10.1002/chem.201904363. PMC 7003923. PMID 31729089.
Kosentka, Pawel (2013). "Evolution of the toxins muscarine and psilocybin in a family of mushroom-forming fungi". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e64646. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...864646K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064646. PMC 3662758. PMID 23717644.
Zhuk, Olga (2015). "Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice". Toxins. 7 (4): 1018–1029. doi:10.3390/toxins7041018. PMC 4417952. PMID 25826052.
Bui, Eric; King, Franklin; Melaragno, Andrew (December 1, 2019). "Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the 21st century: A call for novel approaches (Review)". General Psychiatry. 32 (6): e100136. doi:10.1136/gpsych-2019-100136. PMC 6936967. PMID 31922087.

npr.org

"A gray market emerges in Colorado after voters approved psychedelic substances". NPR. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.

nytimes.com

Dana G Smith (2022). "More People Are Microdosing for Mental Health. But Does It Work?" (shtml). The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2024.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis". Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.1283. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6. PMID 21036393. S2CID 5667719.

psychedelicreview.com

"Chemical Composition Variability in Magic Mushrooms". Psychedelic Science Review. March 4, 2019. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.

redalyc.org

Lima, Afonso DL (2012). "Poisonous mushrooms; a review of the most common intoxications" (PDF). Nutricion Hospitalaria. 27 (2): 402–408. doi:10.3305/nh.2012.27.2.5328. PMID 22732961. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.

rovereto.tn.it

museocivico.rovereto.tn.it

Guzmán, G.; Allen, J.W.; Gartz, J. (2000). "A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion" (PDF). Annali del Museo Civico di Rovereto: Sezione Archeologia, Storia, Scienze Naturali. 14: 189–280. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2022.

sciencedirect.com

Laussmann, Tim; Meier-Giebing, Sigrid (2010). "Forensic analysis of hallucinogenic mushrooms and khat (Catha edulisForsk) using cation-exchange liquid chromatography". Forensic Science International. 1 (3): 160–164. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.013. PMID 20047807.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Guzmán G. (2008). "Hallucinogenic mushrooms in Mexico: An overview". Economic Botany. 62 (3): 404–412. Bibcode:2008EcBot..62..404G. doi:10.1007/s12231-008-9033-8. S2CID 22085876.
Akers, Brian P.; Ruiz, Juan Francisco; Piper, Alan; Ruck, Carl A. P. (2011). "A Prehistoric Mural in Spain Depicting Neurotropic Psilocybe Mushrooms?1". Economic Botany. 65 (2): 121–128. doi:10.1007/s12231-011-9152-5. S2CID 3955222.
Hofmann A, Frey A, Ott H, Petrzilka T, Troxler F (1958). "Konstitutionsaufklärung und Synthese von Psilocybin" [The composition and synthesis of psilocybin]. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (in German). 14 (11): 397–399. doi:10.1007/BF02160424. PMID 13609599. S2CID 33692940.
Hofmann A, Heim R, Brack A, Kobel H (1958). "Psilocybin, ein psychotroper Wirkstoff aus dem mexikanischen Rauschpilz Psilocybe mexicana Heim" [Psilocybin, a psychotropic drug from the Mexican magic mushroom Psilocybe mexicana Heim]. Experientia (in German). 14 (3): 107–109. doi:10.1007/BF02159243. PMID 13537892. S2CID 42898430.
Wurst, M.; Kysilka, R.; Flieger, M. (2002). "Psychoactive tryptamines from Basidiomycetes". Folia Microbiologica. 47 (1): 3–27 [5]. doi:10.1007/BF02818560. PMID 11980266. S2CID 31056807.
Krüzselyi D, Vetter J, Ott PG, Darcsi A, Béni S, Gömöry Á, Drahos L, Zsila F, Móricz ÁM (September 2019). "Isolation and structural elucidation of a novel brunnein-type antioxidant β-carboline alkaloid from Cyclocybe cylindracea". Fitoterapia. 137: 104180. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104180. PMID 31150766. S2CID 172137046.
Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis". Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.1283. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6. PMID 21036393. S2CID 5667719.
Passie, T.; Seifert, J.; Schneider, und; Emrich, H.M. (2002). "The pharmacology of psilocybin". Addiction Biology. 7 (4): 357–364. doi:10.1080/1355621021000005937. PMID 14578010. S2CID 12656091.
Wittmann, M.; Carter, O.; Hasler, F.; Cahn, B.R.; Grimberg, und; Spring, P.; Hell, D.; Flohr, H.; Vollenweider, F.X. (2007). "Effects of psilocybin on time perception and temporal control of behavior in humans". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 21 (1): 50–64. doi:10.1177/0269881106065859. PMID 16714323. S2CID 3165579.
Doblin, Richard E.; Christiansen, Merete; Jerome, Lisa; Burge, Brad (March 15, 2019). "The Past and Future of Psychedelic Science: An Introduction to This Issue". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 51 (2): 93–97. doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1606472. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 31132970. S2CID 167220251.

sporestock.com

"Frequently Asked Questions". sporestock.com. July 2, 2022. Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.

tandfonline.com

Chilton, Scott; Bigwood, Jeremy (1979). "Chilton, W. Scott, Jeremy Bigwood, and Robert E. Jensen. "Psilocin, bufotenine, and serotonin: historical and biosynthetic observations". Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 11.1 (2): 61–69. doi:10.1080/02791072.1979.10472093. PMID 392119. Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.

usdoj.gov

"Psilocybin Fast Facts". National Drug Intelligence Center. Archived from the original on May 12, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2007.

web.archive.org

Abuse, National Institute on Drug (April 22, 2019). "Hallucinogens DrugFacts". National Institute on Drug Abuse. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
Brande E. (1799). "Mr. E. Brande, on a poisonous species of Agaric". The Medical and Physical Journal: Containing the Earliest Information on Subjects of Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacy, Chemistry, and Natural History. 3 (11): 41–44. PMC 5659401. PMID 30490162. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
Wasson RG (1957). "Seeking the magic mushroom". Life. No. May 13. pp. 100–120. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
"Dr. Leary's Concord Prison Experiment: A 34-Year Follow-Up Study". Bulletin of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. 9 (4): 10–18. 1999. Archived from the original on March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
Guzmán, G.; Allen, J.W.; Gartz, J. (2000). "A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion" (PDF). Annali del Museo Civico di Rovereto: Sezione Archeologia, Storia, Scienze Naturali. 14: 189–280. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
Guzmán G, Allen JW, Gartz J (1998). "A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion" (PDF). Annali del Museo Civico di Rovereto. 14: 207. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 26, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
"Chemical Composition Variability in Magic Mushrooms". Psychedelic Science Review. March 4, 2019. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
"Hallucinogenic mushrooms drug profile". European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
Canada, Health (January 12, 2012). "Magic mushrooms – Canada.ca". www.canada.ca. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
"Psilocybin Fast Facts". National Drug Intelligence Center. Archived from the original on May 12, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
Ballesteros, S.; Ramón, M.F.; Iturralde, M.J.; Martínez-Arrieta, R. (2006). "Natural Sources of Drugs of Abuse: Magic Mushrooms". In Cole, S.M. (ed.). New Research on Street Drugs. Nova Science Publishers. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-59454-961-8. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
"Psilocybin Fast Facts". National Drug Intelligence Center, US Department of Justice. Archived from the original on May 3, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Erowid (2006). "Erowid Psilocybin Mushroom Vault: Dosage" (shtml). Erowid. Archived from the original on December 23, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2006.
"Terence McKenna's Last Trip". Wired Magazine. Condé Nast Publications. May 1, 2000. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
Chilton, Scott; Bigwood, Jeremy (1979). "Chilton, W. Scott, Jeremy Bigwood, and Robert E. Jensen. "Psilocin, bufotenine, and serotonin: historical and biosynthetic observations". Journal of Psychedelic Drugs. 11.1 (2): 61–69. doi:10.1080/02791072.1979.10472093. PMID 392119. Archived from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
Lima, Afonso DL (2012). "Poisonous mushrooms; a review of the most common intoxications" (PDF). Nutricion Hospitalaria. 27 (2): 402–408. doi:10.3305/nh.2012.27.2.5328. PMID 22732961. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
"FDA grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Usona Institute's psilocybin program for major depressive disorder". Business Wire. November 22, 2019. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
"Oregon Measure 109, Psilocybin Mushroom Services Program Initiative (2020)". ballotpedia.org. November 3, 2020. Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
Brown, Jennifer (November 10, 2022). "Colorado becomes second state to legalize "magic mushrooms"". The Colorado Sun. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
"A gray market emerges in Colorado after voters approved psychedelic substances". NPR. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
"Colorado Proposition 122, Decriminalization and Regulated Access Program for Certain Psychedelic Plants and Fungi Initiative (2022)". ballotpedia.org. November 8, 2022. Archived from the original on July 20, 2023. Retrieved July 5, 2023.
"Frequently Asked Questions". sporestock.com. July 2, 2022. Archived from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
"Psilocybin Drug Fact Sheet" (PDF). dea.gov. April 21, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 5, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
"COURT OF APPEALS OF WISCONSIN PUBLISHED OPINION" (PDF). wicourts.gov. June 21, 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
DMT – UN report, MAPS, March 31, 2001, archived from the original on January 21, 2012, retrieved January 14, 2012

wicourts.gov

"COURT OF APPEALS OF WISCONSIN PUBLISHED OPINION" (PDF). wicourts.gov. June 21, 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 26, 2023. Retrieved January 4, 2023.

wired.com

"Terence McKenna's Last Trip". Wired Magazine. Condé Nast Publications. May 1, 2000. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2017.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Gotvaldova, Klara; Borovicka, Jan; Hajkova, Katerina; Cihlarova, Petra; Rockefeller, Alan; Kuchar, Martin (2022). "Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (22): 14068. doi:10.3390/ijms232214068. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 9693126. PMID 36430546.
Doblin, Richard E.; Christiansen, Merete; Jerome, Lisa; Burge, Brad (March 15, 2019). "The Past and Future of Psychedelic Science: An Introduction to This Issue". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 51 (2): 93–97. doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1606472. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 31132970. S2CID 167220251.