Puerto Ricans (English Wikipedia)

Rivera, Melvin Gonzalez (August 3, 2015). "Spanish and English in Puerto Rico". Academia.edu. Archived from the original on November 18, 2019. Retrieved November 18, 2019.

americansall.org

"PUERTO RICANS: IMMIGRANTS AND MIGRANTS" (PDF). americansall.org. Retrieved December 4, 2024.

archive.org

Report on the census of Porto Rico, 1899 Archived July 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Census of "Porto Rico" (Old Spelling) Page 57.

archive.today

US Census Bureau: Table QT-P10 Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 Retrieved March 25, 2012 - select state from drop-down menu
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"Representation of racial identity among Puerto Ricans and in the u.s. mainland". Archived from the original on December 12, 2012.
"Department of Literatures in English | Department of Literatures in English | the University of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica". www.mona.uwi.edu. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved January 27, 2022.

asale.org

"puertorro, -a". Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española: Diccionario de Americanismos (in Spanish). Retrieved January 19, 2024.

books.google.com

A Population History of North America Archived February 3, 2017, at the Wayback Machine By Michael R. Haines, Richard H. Steckel
An Account of the Present State of the Island of Puerto Rico Archived February 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine By George D. Flinter (Page: 206)
Kinsbruner, Jay (February 22, 1996). Not of Pure Blood: The Free People of Color and Racial Prejudice in Nineteenth-century Puerto Rico. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318422 – via Google Books.
Lipski, John M. (2005). A History of Afro-Hispanic Language: Five Centuries, Five Continents. middle of second paragraph under 'Africans in Puerto Rico': by Cambridge University Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-521-82265-7. Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Latino/a Thought: Culture, Politics, and Society. Archived January 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Francisco H. Vazquez. Page 372. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
United Nations. General Assembly. Special Committee on the Situation With Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples (1971). Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with Regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. Vol. 23. United Nations Publications. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-92-1-810211-9.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

caribbeanbusiness.com

"Dominican Economy Lures Puerto Ricans in Crisis". Caribbean Business. January 25, 2016. Archived from the original on April 10, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.

cbsnews.com

"Puerto Rico votes for U.S. statehood in non-binding referendum". CBS News. November 7, 2012. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2012.

ceepur.org

"CEE Event". Archived from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved November 8, 2012.

census.gov

data.census.gov

"Cumulative Population Change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 for Puerto Rico". United States Census Bureau. July 1, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
"Quick Facts Puerto Rico: Population Estimates, July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. July 1, 2023. Archived from the original on March 30, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN - United States - 2023 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2022. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
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[4]
"B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN - United States - 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
"Explore Census Data".

census.gov

"Nevada and Idaho Are the Nation's Fastest-Growing States". United States Census Bureau. December 19, 2018. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2018.
"Quick Facts". US Census. Department of Commerce. 2016. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
2010 Census Data - 2010 Census: 2010 Census Results, Puerto Rico. U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
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"Puerto Rico 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census. Department of Commerce. 2016. Archived from the original on December 27, 1996. Retrieved February 19, 2017.

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"2010 Census". Medgar Evers College. Archived from the original on June 11, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
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[5] Archived June 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
2010.census.gov Archived March 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

factfinder.census.gov

[2] Archived February 10, 2020, at archive.today
[3] Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
"U.S. Census Annual Population Estimates 2007". Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2014.

factfinder2.census.gov

"Explore Census Data". Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2011.

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"The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". Cia.gov. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
"Explore all countries". cia.gov. CIA. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
"Puerto Rico - People and Society". CIA Library. CIA. 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2017. Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%

cnn.com

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"Puertorriqueños buscan nuevas oportunidades en República Dominicana | Video". May 16, 2019.

edition.cnn.com

Puerto Ricans favor statehood for first time Archived November 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, CNN, November 7, 2012

cuny.edu

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"History of Puerto Ricans In the US - PART TWO". Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños. August 23, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
"Teaching Guide for The History of Puerto Ricans in the U.S. - Part Two: Labor Migration and U.S. Policies" (PDF). Center for Puerto Rican Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 20, 2021.

diariolibre.com

"Empresarios de Puerto Rico llegan a RD en busca de oportunidades de negocios". November 30, 2021.

doi.org

Tang, Hua; Choudhry, Shweta; Mei, Rui; Morgan, Martin; Rodríguez-Clintron, William; González Burchard, Esteban; Risch, Neil (August 1, 2007). "Recent Genetic Selection in the Ancestral Admixture of Puerto Ricans". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 81 (3): 626–633. doi:10.1086/520769. PMC 1950843. PMID 17701908.
Via, Mark; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsey; Fejerman, Laura; Galander, Joshua; Choudhry, Shweta; Toro-Labrador, Gladys; Viera-Vera, Jorge; Oleksyk, Taras K.; Beckman, Kenneth; Ziv, Elad; Risch, Neil; González Burchard, Esteban; Nartínez-Cruzado, Juan Carlos (2011). "History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16513. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616513V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513. PMC 3031579. PMID 21304981.
Santullano, Luis A. (March 10, 2019). "El jíbaro". Mirada al Caribe (in Spanish). Vol. 54. Colegio de Mexico. pp. 79–82. doi:10.2307/j.ctvbcd2vs.13. JSTOR j.ctvbcd2vs.13.
Via, Marc; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsay A.; et al. (January 2011). "History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16513. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616513V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513. PMC 3031579. PMID 21304981.
González Burchard, E; Borrell, LN; Choudhry, S; et al. (December 2005). "Latino populations: a unique opportunity for the study of race, genetics, and social environment in epidemiological research". Am J Public Health. 95 (12): 2161–8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.068668. PMC 1449501. PMID 16257940.
Fregel R, Pestano J, Arnay M, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, González AM (October 2009). "The maternal aborigine colonization of La Palma (Canary Islands)". European Journal of Human Genetics. 17 (10): 1314–24. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.46. PMC 2986650. PMID 19337312.
Wright, Micah (2016). "Building an Occupation: Puerto Rican Laborers in the Dominican Republic, 1916–1924". Labor. 13 (3–4): 83–103. doi:10.1215/15476715-3595964. S2CID 156241283.
Thomas, Lorrin (2015). "Puerto Ricans in the United States". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.32. ISBN 978-0-19-932917-5.

dukeupress.edu

read.dukeupress.edu

Wright, Micah (2016). "Building an Occupation: Puerto Rican Laborers in the Dominican Republic, 1916–1924". Labor. 13 (3–4): 83–103. doi:10.1215/15476715-3595964. S2CID 156241283.

eldiario.es

"Cerca del 40% de los puertorriqueños con genes europeos descienden de Canarias". July 19, 2017.

eldinero.com.do

"Empresarios de Puerto Rico buscan oportunidades de negocios en República Dominicana". December 2021.

elnacional.com.do

"Puertorriqueños emigran en masa hacia Dominicana". September 2018.

elpais.com

lacomunidad.elpais.com

"La Comunidad » DOCUMENTALES GRATIS » UN ESTUDIO DEL GENOMA TAINO Y GUANCHE. ADN o DNA. Primera parte". February 6, 2010. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010.
"La Comunidad » DOCUMENTALES GRATIS » UN ESTUDIO DEL GENOMA TAINO Y GUANCHE. ADN o DNA. Primera parte". February 6, 2010. Archived from the original on February 6, 2010.

ethnologue.com

Puerto Rican Sign Language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

files.wordpress.com

repasopcmasumet.files.wordpress.com

HISTORIA DE PUERTO RICO Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Page 17.

foxnews.com

Associated Press (March 12, 2014). "Catholic Church and Puerto Rico officials at odds in widening sex abuse investigation". FOX News. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Via, Mark; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsey; Fejerman, Laura; Galander, Joshua; Choudhry, Shweta; Toro-Labrador, Gladys; Viera-Vera, Jorge; Oleksyk, Taras K.; Beckman, Kenneth; Ziv, Elad; Risch, Neil; González Burchard, Esteban; Nartínez-Cruzado, Juan Carlos (2011). "History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16513. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616513V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513. PMC 3031579. PMID 21304981.
Via, Marc; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsay A.; et al. (January 2011). "History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16513. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616513V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513. PMC 3031579. PMID 21304981.

huffingtonpost.com

Puerto Rico Governor Luis Fortuño Proposes Plan For Island's Public Schools To Teach In English Instead Of Spanish. Archived August 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Danica Coto. Huffington Latino Voices. 05/08/12 (May 8, 2012). Retrieved December 4, 2012.

indiancountrytoday.com

Indigenous Puerto Rico: DNA evidence upsets established history: DNA evidence shows that most Puerto Ricans are a blending of Taino (Indian), Spanish and African according to studies by Dr. Juan Martinez-Cruzado. Rick Kearns Updated: Sep 13, 2018. Original: Sep 6, 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2021.

inegi.gob.mx

Los extranjeros en México Archived February 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
Los extranjeros en México Archived February 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

jewishvirtuallibrary.org

"Puerto Rico Virtual Jewish History Tour". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2015.

jstor.org

Santullano, Luis A. (March 10, 2019). "El jíbaro". Mirada al Caribe (in Spanish). Vol. 54. Colegio de Mexico. pp. 79–82. doi:10.2307/j.ctvbcd2vs.13. JSTOR j.ctvbcd2vs.13.

kacike.org

Documenting the Myth of Taino Extinction. Dr. Lynne Guitar. KACIKE: Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology. Archived June 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved May 23, 2010.

languageeducationpolicy.org

"Language Education Policy in Puerto Rico". Language Education Policy Studies. International Association for Language Education Policy Studies. 2013. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.

lehman.edu

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"Puerto Rican Migration Before World War II". Lehman College. Retrieved September 4, 2021.

letpuertoricodecide.com

"An Introduction to Puerto Rico's Status Debate". Let Puerto Rico Decide. Archived from the original on February 16, 2012. Retrieved March 29, 2012.

live.com

view.officeapps.live.com

livescience.com

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"Mapping Puerto Rican Heritage with Spit and Genomics". Live Science. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2014.

loc.gov

webarchive.loc.gov

"Explore Census Data". Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved December 16, 2011.

metro.pr

"Migración a la inversa: Boricuas se establecen en Dominicana". September 30, 2013.
"De moda el que boricuas hagan negocios en Dominicana". October 2013.

muniz-arguelles.com

The Status of Languages in Puerto Rico. Archived October 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Muniz-Arguelles, Luis. University of Puerto Rico. 1986. Page 466. Retrieved December 4, 2012.

nacla.org

López, Ana M. (2014). "Puerto Rico at the United Nations". The North American Congress on Latin America. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.

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"Genographic Project DNA Results Reveal Details of Puerto Rican History". National Geographic Society Newsroom. July 25, 2014. Archived from the original on March 24, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2020.

nbcnews.com

NBC News - Puerto Rico isn’t on the 2024 map, but Biden is betting big on voters from the island By Gabe Gutierrez March 22, 2024

nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tang, Hua; Choudhry, Shweta; Mei, Rui; Morgan, Martin; Rodríguez-Clintron, William; González Burchard, Esteban; Risch, Neil (August 1, 2007). "Recent Genetic Selection in the Ancestral Admixture of Puerto Ricans". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 81 (3): 626–633. doi:10.1086/520769. PMC 1950843. PMID 17701908.
Via, Mark; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsey; Fejerman, Laura; Galander, Joshua; Choudhry, Shweta; Toro-Labrador, Gladys; Viera-Vera, Jorge; Oleksyk, Taras K.; Beckman, Kenneth; Ziv, Elad; Risch, Neil; González Burchard, Esteban; Nartínez-Cruzado, Juan Carlos (2011). "History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16513. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616513V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513. PMC 3031579. PMID 21304981.
Via, Marc; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsay A.; et al. (January 2011). "History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16513. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616513V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513. PMC 3031579. PMID 21304981.
González Burchard, E; Borrell, LN; Choudhry, S; et al. (December 2005). "Latino populations: a unique opportunity for the study of race, genetics, and social environment in epidemiological research". Am J Public Health. 95 (12): 2161–8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.068668. PMC 1449501. PMID 16257940.
Fregel R, Pestano J, Arnay M, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, González AM (October 2009). "The maternal aborigine colonization of La Palma (Canary Islands)". European Journal of Human Genetics. 17 (10): 1314–24. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.46. PMC 2986650. PMID 19337312.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tang, Hua; Choudhry, Shweta; Mei, Rui; Morgan, Martin; Rodríguez-Clintron, William; González Burchard, Esteban; Risch, Neil (August 1, 2007). "Recent Genetic Selection in the Ancestral Admixture of Puerto Ricans". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 81 (3): 626–633. doi:10.1086/520769. PMC 1950843. PMID 17701908.
Via, Mark; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsey; Fejerman, Laura; Galander, Joshua; Choudhry, Shweta; Toro-Labrador, Gladys; Viera-Vera, Jorge; Oleksyk, Taras K.; Beckman, Kenneth; Ziv, Elad; Risch, Neil; González Burchard, Esteban; Nartínez-Cruzado, Juan Carlos (2011). "History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16513. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616513V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513. PMC 3031579. PMID 21304981.
Via, Marc; Gignoux, Christopher R.; Roth, Lindsay A.; et al. (January 2011). "History Shaped the Geographic Distribution of Genomic Admixture on the Island of Puerto Rico". PLOS ONE. 6 (1): e16513. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...616513V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016513. PMC 3031579. PMID 21304981.
González Burchard, E; Borrell, LN; Choudhry, S; et al. (December 2005). "Latino populations: a unique opportunity for the study of race, genetics, and social environment in epidemiological research". Am J Public Health. 95 (12): 2161–8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.068668. PMC 1449501. PMID 16257940.
Fregel R, Pestano J, Arnay M, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, González AM (October 2009). "The maternal aborigine colonization of La Palma (Canary Islands)". European Journal of Human Genetics. 17 (10): 1314–24. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2009.46. PMC 2986650. PMID 19337312.

notiuno.com

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npr.org

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Alford, Natasha S. (February 9, 2020). "Why Some Black Puerto Ricans Choose 'White' on the Census". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 23, 2021.
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oecd-ilibrary.org

El panorama de la migración en República Dominicana: Cuadro 2.4. Los Haitianos son el principal grupo de inmigrantes

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Wright, Micah (2016). "Building an Occupation: Puerto Rican Laborers in the Dominican Republic, 1916–1924". Labor. 13 (3–4): 83–103. doi:10.1215/15476715-3595964. S2CID 156241283.

sfgate.com

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"Your Regional Ancestry: Reference Populations". The Genographic Project. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
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[3] Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
A Population History of North America Archived February 3, 2017, at the Wayback Machine By Michael R. Haines, Richard H. Steckel
HISTORIA DE PUERTO RICO Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Page 17.
An Account of the Present State of the Island of Puerto Rico Archived February 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine By George D. Flinter (Page: 206)
Report on the census of Porto Rico, 1899 Archived July 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Census of "Porto Rico" (Old Spelling) Page 57.
"Quick Facts". US Census. Department of Commerce. 2016. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
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"Puerto Rico's History on race" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 7, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
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"Un estudio descubre la presencia de genes guanches en la República Dominicana". Archived from the original on December 16, 2018. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
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