Pug (English Wikipedia)

Farr, Kendall; Montague, Sarah (1999). Pugs in Public. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, a division of U.S. Media Holdings. ISBN 1-55670-939-0.
Belmonte, Brenda (2004). The Pug Handbook. New York: Barron's Educational Series Inc. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7641-2488-4. pug craves attention.
Collier, V. W. F. (1921). Dogs of China & Japan, in nature and art. W. Heinemann, London. p. 147. The Lo-Chiang dog was a "pai" dog and consequently small, "short-headed," and "short-legged" before 1000 C.E. It was very possibly the Chinese Pug and appears to have been fashionable at the Chinese court from the beginning of the eighth century to the middle of the eleventh century, possibly even up to the removal of the capital from Hsianfu (Xi'an) to Peking (Beijing) in about 1153 C.E.
Moffat, Norma (27 March 2006). Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Your Happy Healthy Pet (2nd ed.). Howell Book House. p. 19. ISBN 0-471-74823-4.
Maggitti, Phil (2000). Pugs: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Behavior, and Training. Barron's Educational Series. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7641-1045-0. Retrieved 17 January 2010. pug.

atwebpages.com

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"Pugs in Ancient Orient". mypugs.atwebpages.com. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

avma.org

"Air Travel and Short-Nosed Dogs FAQ". American Veterinary Medical Association. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2014.

bbc.co.uk

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"Pedigree dogs plagued by disease". BBC News. 19 August 2008. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2009.

books.google.com

September Morn (2010). Our Best Friends: The Pug. Pittsburgh: ElDorado Ink. pp. 11, 14–15. ISBN 978-1-932904-71-0. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
Wilhelmina Swainston-Goodger (5 March 2013). The Pug-Dog - Its History and Origin. Read Books Limited. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-1-4474-8817-0. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2020.

britannica.com

"Pug: Description, Weight, Temperament, & Facts". Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 January 2024. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.

britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk

https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003408/18930401/031/0002. Retrieved 6 March 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

bsava.com

"Research shows Pugs at highest risk of obesity". British Small Animal Veterinary Association. 27 January 2023. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.

chestofbooks.com

"Chapter X. The Pug". chestofbooks.com. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
"The Pug. Part 2". chestofbooks.com. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
"Chapter II. Smooth Toy Dogs. The Pug". chestofbooks.com. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
"Smooth Toy Dogs. The Pug. Continued". chestofbooks.com. Retrieved 6 March 2024.

courant.com

"PUG IN BLACK: FRANK WALKS AWAY WITH MIIB". courant.com. 9 July 2002. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 5 May 2020.

dogchannel.com

Cunliffe, Juliette. "History of the Pug". DogChannel.com. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2009.

doi.org

O'Neill, Dan G.; Sahota, Jaya; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Church, David B.; Packer, Rowena M.A.; Pegram, Camilla (18 May 2022). "Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections". Canine Medicine and Genetics. 9 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6. ISSN 2662-9380. PMC 9115981. PMID 35581668.
"pug, n.²". Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2 March 2023. doi:10.1093/oed/7135363746.
Oechtering, Gerhard U.; Pohl, Sabine; Schlueter, Claudia; Lippert, Johanna P.; Alef, Michaele; Kiefer, Ingmar; Ludewig, Eberhard; Schuenemann, Riccarda (21 January 2016). "A Novel Approach to Brachycephalic Syndrome. 1. Evaluation of Anatomical Intranasal Airway Obstruction". Veterinary Surgery. 45 (2). Wiley: 165–172. doi:10.1111/vsu.12446. ISSN 0161-3499. PMID 26790550.
Hendricks, Joan C. (1992). "Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 22 (5). Elsevier BV: 1145–1153. doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50306-0. ISSN 0195-5616. PMID 1523786.
Ekenstedt, K.J.; Crosse, K.R.; Risselada, M. (2020). "Canine Brachycephaly: Anatomy, Pathology, Genetics and Welfare". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 176. Elsevier BV: 109–115. doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.008. ISSN 0021-9975. PMC 7380493. PMID 32359622.
Hendricks, J. C.; Kline, L. R.; Kovalski, R. J.; O'Brien, J. A.; Morrison, A. R.; Pack, A. I. (1 October 1987). "The English bulldog: a natural model of sleep-disordered breathing". Journal of Applied Physiology. 63 (4). American Physiological Society: 1344–1350. doi:10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1344. ISSN 8750-7587. PMID 3693167.
Meola, Stacy D. (2013). "Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome". Topics in Companion Animal Medicine. 28 (3). Elsevier BV: 91–96. doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2013.06.004. ISSN 1938-9736. PMID 24182996.
Sebbag, Lionel; Sanchez, Rick F. (2023). "The pandemic of ocular surface disease in brachycephalic dogs: The brachycephalic ocular syndrome". Veterinary Ophthalmology. 26 (S1): 31–46. doi:10.1111/vop.13054. ISSN 1463-5216. PMID 36585820.
Hobi, Stefan; Barrs, Vanessa R.; Bęczkowski, Paweł M. (16 June 2023). "Dermatological Problems of Brachycephalic Dogs". Animals. 13 (12). MDPI AG: 2016. doi:10.3390/ani13122016. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 10294810. PMID 37370526.
Gruenheid, Michaela; Aarnes, Turi K.; McLoughlin, Mary A.; Simpson, Elaine M.; Mathys, Dimitria A.; Mollenkopf, Dixie F.; Wittum, Thomas E. (1 August 2018). "Risk of anesthesia-related complications in brachycephalic dogs". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 253 (3). American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): 301–306. doi:10.2460/javma.253.3.301. ISSN 0003-1488. PMID 30020004. S2CID 51676839.
Ewers Clark, Anna (22 December 2022). "Heatstroke and brachycephalic dogs – is there an increased risk?". Veterinary Evidence. 7 (4). doi:10.18849/ve.v7i4.534. ISSN 2396-9776.
O'Neill, Dan G.; Darwent, Elisabeth C.; Church, David B.; Brodbelt, Dave C. (10 June 2016). "Demography and health of Pugs under primary veterinary care in England". Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 3 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/s40575-016-0035-z. ISSN 2052-6687. PMC 4903005. PMID 27293771.
Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O'Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.6415T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9050668. PMID 35484374.
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.
Inoue, Mai; Kwan, Nigel C. L.; Sugiura, Katsuaki (2018). "Estimating the life expectancy of companion dogs in Japan using pet cemetery data". Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 80 (7). Japanese Society of Veterinary Science: 1153–1158. doi:10.1292/jvms.17-0384. ISSN 0916-7250. PMC 6068313. PMID 29798968.
O'Neill, D. G.; Turgoose, E.; Church, D. B.; Brodbelt, D. C.; Hendricks, A. (2020). "Juvenile-onset and adult-onset demodicosis in dogs in the UK: prevalence and breed associations". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 61 (1): 32–41. doi:10.1111/jsap.13067. ISSN 0022-4510. PMC 7003809. PMID 31584708.
Windsor, Rebecca; Stewart, Samuel; Schmidt, Jessica; Mosqueda, Mario; Piras, Ignazio; Keller, Stefan M.; Steinmetz, Briana; Borjesson, Dori L.; Huentelman, Matthew; Khanna, Chand (2022). "A potential early clinical phenotype of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in genetically at-risk pug dogs". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 36 (4): 1382–1389. doi:10.1111/jvim.16444. ISSN 0891-6640. PMC 9308433. PMID 35621070.
Bandara, Y.; Bayton, W. A.; Williams, T. L.; Scase, T.; Bexfield, N. H. (2021). "Histopathological frequency of canine hepatobiliary disease in the United Kingdom". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 62 (9): 730–736. doi:10.1111/jsap.13354. ISSN 0022-4510. PMID 34155648.
Evans KM, Adams VJ. Proportion of litters of purebred dogs born by caesarean section. J Small Anim Pract. 2010 Feb;51(2):113-8. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00902.x. PMID 20136998.

gutenberg.org

"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Dogs of all nations, by W. E. Mason". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 3 March 2024.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O'Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.6415T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9050668. PMID 35484374.
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.

indiatimes.com

brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com

"The perils of being the Vodafone pug". India Times. 23 November 2016. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.

livemint.com

"Return of the Vodafone pug". livemint.com. 14 March 2016. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.

nationalpurebreddogday.com

"The Lo-Sze". National Purebred Dog Day®. 5 September 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
"The Prince Mark". National Purebred Dog Day. 14 May 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
"Willoughby and Morrison Pugs". National Purebred Dog Day®. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2024.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

O'Neill, Dan G.; Sahota, Jaya; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Church, David B.; Packer, Rowena M.A.; Pegram, Camilla (18 May 2022). "Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections". Canine Medicine and Genetics. 9 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6. ISSN 2662-9380. PMC 9115981. PMID 35581668.
Oechtering, Gerhard U.; Pohl, Sabine; Schlueter, Claudia; Lippert, Johanna P.; Alef, Michaele; Kiefer, Ingmar; Ludewig, Eberhard; Schuenemann, Riccarda (21 January 2016). "A Novel Approach to Brachycephalic Syndrome. 1. Evaluation of Anatomical Intranasal Airway Obstruction". Veterinary Surgery. 45 (2). Wiley: 165–172. doi:10.1111/vsu.12446. ISSN 0161-3499. PMID 26790550.
Hendricks, Joan C. (1992). "Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 22 (5). Elsevier BV: 1145–1153. doi:10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50306-0. ISSN 0195-5616. PMID 1523786.
Ekenstedt, K.J.; Crosse, K.R.; Risselada, M. (2020). "Canine Brachycephaly: Anatomy, Pathology, Genetics and Welfare". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 176. Elsevier BV: 109–115. doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.008. ISSN 0021-9975. PMC 7380493. PMID 32359622.
TC, Amis; C, Kurpershoek (1986). "Pattern of breathing in brachycephalic dogs". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 47 (10). Am J Vet Res: 2200–2204. ISSN 0002-9645. PMID 3777646. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
Hendricks, J. C.; Kline, L. R.; Kovalski, R. J.; O'Brien, J. A.; Morrison, A. R.; Pack, A. I. (1 October 1987). "The English bulldog: a natural model of sleep-disordered breathing". Journal of Applied Physiology. 63 (4). American Physiological Society: 1344–1350. doi:10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1344. ISSN 8750-7587. PMID 3693167.
Meola, Stacy D. (2013). "Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome". Topics in Companion Animal Medicine. 28 (3). Elsevier BV: 91–96. doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2013.06.004. ISSN 1938-9736. PMID 24182996.
Sebbag, Lionel; Sanchez, Rick F. (2023). "The pandemic of ocular surface disease in brachycephalic dogs: The brachycephalic ocular syndrome". Veterinary Ophthalmology. 26 (S1): 31–46. doi:10.1111/vop.13054. ISSN 1463-5216. PMID 36585820.
Hobi, Stefan; Barrs, Vanessa R.; Bęczkowski, Paweł M. (16 June 2023). "Dermatological Problems of Brachycephalic Dogs". Animals. 13 (12). MDPI AG: 2016. doi:10.3390/ani13122016. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 10294810. PMID 37370526.
Gruenheid, Michaela; Aarnes, Turi K.; McLoughlin, Mary A.; Simpson, Elaine M.; Mathys, Dimitria A.; Mollenkopf, Dixie F.; Wittum, Thomas E. (1 August 2018). "Risk of anesthesia-related complications in brachycephalic dogs". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 253 (3). American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): 301–306. doi:10.2460/javma.253.3.301. ISSN 0003-1488. PMID 30020004. S2CID 51676839.
O'Neill, Dan G.; Darwent, Elisabeth C.; Church, David B.; Brodbelt, Dave C. (10 June 2016). "Demography and health of Pugs under primary veterinary care in England". Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 3 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/s40575-016-0035-z. ISSN 2052-6687. PMC 4903005. PMID 27293771.
Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O'Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.6415T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9050668. PMID 35484374.
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.
Inoue, Mai; Kwan, Nigel C. L.; Sugiura, Katsuaki (2018). "Estimating the life expectancy of companion dogs in Japan using pet cemetery data". Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 80 (7). Japanese Society of Veterinary Science: 1153–1158. doi:10.1292/jvms.17-0384. ISSN 0916-7250. PMC 6068313. PMID 29798968.
O'Neill, D. G.; Turgoose, E.; Church, D. B.; Brodbelt, D. C.; Hendricks, A. (2020). "Juvenile-onset and adult-onset demodicosis in dogs in the UK: prevalence and breed associations". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 61 (1): 32–41. doi:10.1111/jsap.13067. ISSN 0022-4510. PMC 7003809. PMID 31584708.
Windsor, Rebecca; Stewart, Samuel; Schmidt, Jessica; Mosqueda, Mario; Piras, Ignazio; Keller, Stefan M.; Steinmetz, Briana; Borjesson, Dori L.; Huentelman, Matthew; Khanna, Chand (2022). "A potential early clinical phenotype of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in genetically at-risk pug dogs". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 36 (4): 1382–1389. doi:10.1111/jvim.16444. ISSN 0891-6640. PMC 9308433. PMID 35621070.
Bandara, Y.; Bayton, W. A.; Williams, T. L.; Scase, T.; Bexfield, N. H. (2021). "Histopathological frequency of canine hepatobiliary disease in the United Kingdom". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 62 (9): 730–736. doi:10.1111/jsap.13354. ISSN 0022-4510. PMID 34155648.
Evans KM, Adams VJ. Proportion of litters of purebred dogs born by caesarean section. J Small Anim Pract. 2010 Feb;51(2):113-8. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00902.x. PMID 20136998.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

O'Neill, Dan G.; Sahota, Jaya; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Church, David B.; Packer, Rowena M.A.; Pegram, Camilla (18 May 2022). "Health of Pug dogs in the UK: disorder predispositions and protections". Canine Medicine and Genetics. 9 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s40575-022-00117-6. ISSN 2662-9380. PMC 9115981. PMID 35581668.
Ekenstedt, K.J.; Crosse, K.R.; Risselada, M. (2020). "Canine Brachycephaly: Anatomy, Pathology, Genetics and Welfare". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 176. Elsevier BV: 109–115. doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.008. ISSN 0021-9975. PMC 7380493. PMID 32359622.
Hobi, Stefan; Barrs, Vanessa R.; Bęczkowski, Paweł M. (16 June 2023). "Dermatological Problems of Brachycephalic Dogs". Animals. 13 (12). MDPI AG: 2016. doi:10.3390/ani13122016. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 10294810. PMID 37370526.
O'Neill, Dan G.; Darwent, Elisabeth C.; Church, David B.; Brodbelt, Dave C. (10 June 2016). "Demography and health of Pugs under primary veterinary care in England". Canine Genetics and Epidemiology. 3 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/s40575-016-0035-z. ISSN 2052-6687. PMC 4903005. PMID 27293771.
Teng, Kendy Tzu-yun; Brodbelt, Dave C.; Pegram, Camilla; Church, David B.; O'Neill, Dan G. (28 April 2022). "Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 6415. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.6415T. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 9050668. PMID 35484374.
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024). "Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death". Scientific Reports. 14 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531. Bibcode:2024NatSR..14..531M. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10834484. PMID 38302530.
Inoue, Mai; Kwan, Nigel C. L.; Sugiura, Katsuaki (2018). "Estimating the life expectancy of companion dogs in Japan using pet cemetery data". Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 80 (7). Japanese Society of Veterinary Science: 1153–1158. doi:10.1292/jvms.17-0384. ISSN 0916-7250. PMC 6068313. PMID 29798968.
O'Neill, D. G.; Turgoose, E.; Church, D. B.; Brodbelt, D. C.; Hendricks, A. (2020). "Juvenile-onset and adult-onset demodicosis in dogs in the UK: prevalence and breed associations". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 61 (1): 32–41. doi:10.1111/jsap.13067. ISSN 0022-4510. PMC 7003809. PMID 31584708.
Windsor, Rebecca; Stewart, Samuel; Schmidt, Jessica; Mosqueda, Mario; Piras, Ignazio; Keller, Stefan M.; Steinmetz, Briana; Borjesson, Dori L.; Huentelman, Matthew; Khanna, Chand (2022). "A potential early clinical phenotype of necrotizing meningoencephalitis in genetically at-risk pug dogs". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 36 (4): 1382–1389. doi:10.1111/jvim.16444. ISSN 0891-6640. PMC 9308433. PMID 35621070.

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