Pulgasari (English Wikipedia)

KMDb. KMDb. "불가사리" [Pulgasari]. Korean Movie Database (in Korean). Korean Film Archive. Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
- Lee 2000b. Lee, Dong-jin (July 19, 2000). "'불가사리' 22일 선보여 북한영화 첫 개봉… '조용한' 극장가" [Pulgasari will be shown on the 22nd, making it the first North Korean film released... in a 'quiet' theater district]. NK chosun/The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 30, 2024. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
- Kim 2000. Kim, Jung-gi (May 25, 2000). "신상옥감독 영화 '불가사리' 내달 국내 개봉" [Director Shin Sang-ok's film Pulgasari to be released in Korea next month]. Maeil Shinmun [ko] (in Korean). Archived from the original on September 25, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
- Lee 2000a. Lee, Dong-jin (July 18, 2000). "민중 위해 싸우는 괴수 '불가사리'" [Pulgasari, a monster fighting for the people]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 28, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.

artsandculture.google.com

Cho. Cho, Jun-Hyoung. "A Life More Movie-like than a Movie: Film Director Shin Sang-ok". Google Arts & Culture. Korean Film Archive. Archived from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2024.

bbc.com

Cheung 2014. Cheung, Helier (January 2, 2014). "Ten things: North Korea's film industry". BBC. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
BBC 2018. BBC (July 11, 2018). "북한 영화: 한국서 북한 영화 9편 상영이 주목되는 이유" [North Korean Cinema: Why 9 North Korean Films Are Getting a Spotlight in South Korea] (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 20, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2021.

bfi.org.uk

Ross 2021. Ross, Jonathan (November 2, 2021). "Off the shelf: Korean Cinema Fan Club". BFI. Archived from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved July 21, 2024.

bifan.kr

Mo 2018. Mo, Eun-yeong (2018). "불가사리" [Pulgasari]. Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 30, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2024.

books.google.com

Schönherr 2012, p. 84. Schönherr, Johannes (2012). North Korean Cinema: A History. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-6526-2 – via Google Books.
Schönherr 2012, p. 148. Schönherr, Johannes (2012). North Korean Cinema: A History. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-6526-2 – via Google Books.
Schönherr 2012, p. 83. Schönherr, Johannes (2012). North Korean Cinema: A History. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-6526-2 – via Google Books.
Schönherr 2012, pp. 82, 84. Schönherr, Johannes (2012). North Korean Cinema: A History. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-6526-2 – via Google Books.

chosun.com

nk.chosun.com

NK chosun 2000a. NK chosun (October 15, 2000). "[신상옥의 북한영화 이야기] 불가사리" [Shin Sang-ok's North Korean Film Story: Pulgasari]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
Lee 2000b. Lee, Dong-jin (July 19, 2000). "'불가사리' 22일 선보여 북한영화 첫 개봉… '조용한' 극장가" [Pulgasari will be shown on the 22nd, making it the first North Korean film released... in a 'quiet' theater district]. NK chosun/The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 30, 2024. Retrieved November 30, 2024.
NK chosun 2000b. NK chosun (October 8, 2000). "[신상옥의 북한영화이야기] 춘향역 장선희" [Shin Sang-ok's North Korean Film Story: Chang Sŏnhŭi as Chunhyang]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 17, 2024. Retrieved July 17, 2024.

chosun.com

Jin 1999. Jin, Seong-ho (January 21, 1999). "[미디어 다시보기] 북영화 '불가사리'TV방영 진통" [Media Replay: North Korean movie Pulgasari TV broadcast pains]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
Lee 2000a. Lee, Dong-jin (July 18, 2000). "민중 위해 싸우는 괴수 '불가사리'" [Pulgasari, a monster fighting for the people]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 28, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.

cine21.com

m.cine21.com

Mun 2003. Mun, Seok (February 6, 2003). "스크린 진기록 대행진 [11]" [Screen Record Parade (11)]. Cine21 (in Korean). Archived from the original on October 8, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
Ju 2018. Ju, Seong-cheol (June 22, 2018). "북한영화를 아십니까" [Do you know North Korean movies?]. Cine21 (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved July 29, 2024.

collider.com

Urquhart 2024. Urquhart, Jeremy (March 17, 2024). "10 So-Bad-They're-Good Monster Movies, Ranked". Collider. Archived from the original on May 7, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.

dailyshincho.jp

Daily Shincho 2023. "ゴジラ俳優「薩摩剣八郎さん」死去金正日肝いり「怪獣映画」に出演かつて明かした北朝鮮"極寒の撮影秘話"" [Godzilla actor Kenpachiro Satsuma passes away; he appeared in Kim Jong Il's "kaiju movie" and once revealed the "secret story of filming in the extreme cold of North Korea"]. Daily Shincho (in Japanese). Shinchosha. December 27, 2023. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved June 23, 2024.

eiga-chirashi.jp

1995 Japanese flyer, p. 1. "大怪獣プルガサリ" [Giant Monster Pulgasari] (PDF). Eiga Chirashi (Movie Flyers) (in Japanese). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
1995 Japanese flyer, p. 2. "大怪獣プルガサリ" [Giant Monster Pulgasari] (PDF). Eiga Chirashi (Movie Flyers) (in Japanese). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved July 2, 2024.

filmthreat.com

Przywara 2002. Przywara, Dennis (October 31, 2002). "Pulgasari". Film Threat. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.

fromthefrontrow.net

Lucas 2024. Lucas, Mattie (April 26, 2024). "Cinema Obscura | Pulgasari | 1985". From the Front Row. Archived from the original on May 7, 2024. Retrieved November 17, 2024.

gq.com

Moxley 2014. Moxley, Mitch (September 30, 2014). "Meet the Sally Field of North Korean Cinema". GQ. Archived from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved November 23, 2024.

imaeil.com

Kim 2000. Kim, Jung-gi (May 25, 2000). "신상옥감독 영화 '불가사리' 내달 국내 개봉" [Director Shin Sang-ok's film Pulgasari to be released in Korea next month]. Maeil Shinmun [ko] (in Korean). Archived from the original on September 25, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024.

incheonilbo.com

Yonhap News 1999. Yonhap News (October 19, 1999). ""신상옥씨 영화 北에 저작권 있어" 서울고법, 신감독 항고기각" ["North Korea owns the copyright to Mr. Shin Sang-ok's movies" Seoul High Court dismisses director Shin's appeal]. Incheon Ilbo [ko] (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.

independent.co.uk

McCarthy 1994. McCarthy, Terry (July 17, 1994). "Out of Korea: It's still quite a funny old colony". The Independent. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
Evans 2013. Evans, Chris (June 13, 2013). "North Korean cinema: Kim Jong-il's movie mania". The Independent. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2024.

jeudepaume.org

Jeu de Paume 2015. Jeu de Paume (April 11, 2015). "Pulgasari a film by Shin Sang-Ok". Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2024.

kinejun.com

Kinema Junpo. "プルガサリ伝説の大怪獣" [Pulgasari: The Legendary Giant Monster]. Kinema Junpo (in Japanese). Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.

kmdb.or.kr

KMDb. KMDb. "불가사리" [Pulgasari]. Korean Movie Database (in Korean). Korean Film Archive. Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2024.

korea-np.co.jp

www1.korea-np.co.jp

Choson Sinbo 1998b. "First NK Monster Faces Hollywood-Born Godzilla in Japan". Choson Sinbo. 1998. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2024.

korea-np.co.jp

Choson Sinbo 1998a. "大ヒット、「プルガサリ」" [The big hit, Pulgasari]. Choson Sinbo (in Japanese). 1998. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.

koreafilm.or.kr

Korean Film Archive. Korean Film Archive. "불가사리" [Pulgasari] (in Korean). Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024.

movieweb.com

Wiggins 2022. Wiggins, Brent (October 13, 2022). "Pulgasari: A Look at the North Korean Kaiju Movie". MovieWeb. Archived from the original on October 13, 2022. Retrieved October 30, 2022.

munhwa.com

Choe 1998. Choe, Yeong-chang (November 11, 1998). "신상옥감독 제작 北영화'불가사리' MBC내년방영" [North Korean film Pulgasari produced by director Shin Sang-ok to air on MBC next year]. Munhwa Ilbo (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.

narasaki-net.com

Satsuma 2007. Satsuma, Kenpachiro (2007). "プルガサリ撮影秘話" [The Secret Story Behind the Filming of Pulgasari] (in Japanese). Tokyo Narasaki Research Institute. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2024.

natalie.mu

Natalie. "プルガサリ伝説の大怪獣 [画像ギャラリー 2/2]" [Pulgasari: The Legendary Monster (image gallery 2/2)]. Natalie (in Japanese). Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.

newsis.com

Shin 2019. Shin, Hyo-ryeong (May 29, 2019). "무주산골영화제 개막작, 남 신상옥·북 정건조 '불가사리'" [Muju Mountain Film Festival Opening Film, Shin Sang-ok and North Korean Chong Gon-jo's Pulgasari]. Newsis (in Korean). Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved June 23, 2024.

newspapers.com

Associated Press 1994, p. 3. Associated Press (September 12, 1994). "Communist chief made movies". Battle Creek Enquirer. Retrieved July 31, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.

newyorker.com

Shapiro 2005. Shapiro, Michael (April 2005). "A Kim Jong Il Productio". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
Gourevitch 2003. Gourevitch, Philip (August 31, 2003). "Alone in the Dark". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on June 21, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.

nikkan-gendai.com

Nikkan Gendai 2014, p. 3. "映画「ゴジラ」７本で"中の人"を…俳優・薩摩剣八郎さんは今｜あの人は今こうしている" [Actor Kenpachi Satsuma, who played the role of "the man behind the scenes" in seven "Godzilla" movies... What's he up to now?]. Nikkan Gendai Digital (in Japanese). September 22, 2014. p. 3. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2024.

nytimes.com

Choe 2006. Choe, Sang-Hun (April 12, 2006). "Obituary: Shin Sang Ok, 80, Korean film director". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 1, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2024.

raging-thunder.com

Raging Thunder 1999. Raging Thunder (February 1999). "レイジング・サンダー・ホームページ" [Raging Thunder homepage] (in Japanese). Archived from the original on February 21, 1999. Retrieved November 25, 2024.

rfa.org

Jackson-Han 2006. Jackson-Han, Sarah (October 30, 2006). "North Korean Feature Film Gets International Exposure". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023.
Kim 2020. Kim, Ju-won (2020). "북한 신필림영화와 신상옥 부부의 북한탈출" [North Korea's Shin Films and Shin Sang-ok and his wife's escape from North Korea]. Radio Free Asia (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 17, 2024. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
Choe 2000. Choe, Yun-jeong (May 22, 2000). "남한에서 상영될 북한영화 불가사리" [North Korean film Bulgasari to be screened in South Korea]. Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on July 8, 2024. Retrieved July 8, 2024.

screenanarchy.com

Regehr 2016. Regehr, Jonathan (November 8, 2016). "Classic Movie Review: Pulgasari, a North Korean monster propaganda movie from 1985!". Screen Anarchy. Archived from the original on November 9, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2024.

sisajournal.com

No 2000. No, Sun-dong (July 2000). "북한 영화 개봉1호 <불가사리>" [North Korea's first film release, Pulgasari]. Sisa Journal (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 8, 2024. Retrieved July 8, 2024.

techinsight.jp

japan.techinsight.jp

Izumi 2013. Izumi, Maki (August 30, 2013). "【エンタがビタミン♪】「金正日氏の別荘で過ごした」。北朝鮮・怪獣映画に出演のスーツアクター、現地での待遇明かす。" [Entertainment is a Vitamin♪: 'I spent time at Kim Jong Il's villa'; a suit actor appearing in a North Korean kaiju movie reveals how he was treated there.]. Techinsight (in Japanese). Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2024.

telegraph.co.uk

Power 2019. Power, Ed (May 30, 2019). "Pulgasari: the lunatic story behind North Korea's monstrous Godzilla rip-off". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on November 17, 2022.

thecinema.jp

Ozaki 2018. Ozaki, Kazuo (December 3, 2018). "監督との対話から見える『グエムル -漢江の怪物-』の輪郭" [The outline of The Host revealed through conversation with the director]. thecinema.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2021.

theguardian.com

Fowler 2014. Fowler, Simon (August 15, 2014). "The five best North Korean films". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 15, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
Gorenfeld 2003. Gorenfeld, John (April 3, 2003). "Kidnapped by Kim Jong-il: the man who directed the socialist Godzilla". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 27, 2013. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
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tongilnews.com

Choe 2002. Choe, Cheok-ho (September 2, 2002). "北 희극문학의 최고봉 김세륜" [Kim Seryun, the pinnacle of North Korean comedy literature]. Tongil News (in Korean). Archived from the original on September 25, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024.

vanityfair.com

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vantagepointinterviews.com

Homenick 2024. Homenick, Brett (August 21, 2024). "A Firsthand Account of Compositing Kaiju! Takeshi Miyanishi Goes Behind the Scenes on Toho's Special Optical-Photography Techniques!". Vantage Point Interviews. Archived from the original on August 21, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
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vulture.com

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wbur.org

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web.archive.org

Satsuma 2007. Satsuma, Kenpachiro (2007). "プルガサリ撮影秘話" [The Secret Story Behind the Filming of Pulgasari] (in Japanese). Tokyo Narasaki Research Institute. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
1995 Japanese flyer, p. 1. "大怪獣プルガサリ" [Giant Monster Pulgasari] (PDF). Eiga Chirashi (Movie Flyers) (in Japanese). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
Natalie. "プルガサリ伝説の大怪獣 [画像ギャラリー 2/2]" [Pulgasari: The Legendary Monster (image gallery 2/2)]. Natalie (in Japanese). Archived from the original on June 24, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
Fowler 2014. Fowler, Simon (August 15, 2014). "The five best North Korean films". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 15, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
1995 Japanese flyer, p. 2. "大怪獣プルガサリ" [Giant Monster Pulgasari] (PDF). Eiga Chirashi (Movie Flyers) (in Japanese). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2023. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
Kinema Junpo. "プルガサリ伝説の大怪獣" [Pulgasari: The Legendary Giant Monster]. Kinema Junpo (in Japanese). Archived from the original on August 1, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
Przywara 2002. Przywara, Dennis (October 31, 2002). "Pulgasari". Film Threat. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
Cho. Cho, Jun-Hyoung. "A Life More Movie-like than a Movie: Film Director Shin Sang-ok". Google Arts & Culture. Korean Film Archive. Archived from the original on May 11, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
Romano 2015. Romano, Nick (April 6, 2015). "How Kim Jong Il Kidnapped a Director, Made a Godzilla Knockoff, and Created a Cult Hit". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
Power 2019. Power, Ed (May 30, 2019). "Pulgasari: the lunatic story behind North Korea's monstrous Godzilla rip-off". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on November 17, 2022.
KMDb. KMDb. "불가사리" [Pulgasari]. Korean Movie Database (in Korean). Korean Film Archive. Archived from the original on March 4, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
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- Mo 2018. Mo, Eun-yeong (2018). "불가사리" [Pulgasari]. Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 30, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
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- Shin 2019. Shin, Hyo-ryeong (May 29, 2019). "무주산골영화제 개막작, 남 신상옥·북 정건조 '불가사리'" [Muju Mountain Film Festival Opening Film, Shin Sang-ok and North Korean Chong Gon-jo's Pulgasari]. Newsis (in Korean). Archived from the original on June 23, 2024. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
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- Kim 2020. Kim, Ju-won (2020). "북한 신필림영화와 신상옥 부부의 북한탈출" [North Korea's Shin Films and Shin Sang-ok and his wife's escape from North Korea]. Radio Free Asia (in Korean). Archived from the original on July 17, 2024. Retrieved July 17, 2024.
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- Choe 2002. Choe, Cheok-ho (September 2, 2002). "北 희극문학의 최고봉 김세륜" [Kim Seryun, the pinnacle of North Korean comedy literature]. Tongil News (in Korean). Archived from the original on September 25, 2024. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
- Mun 2003. Mun, Seok (February 6, 2003). "스크린 진기록 대행진 [11]" [Screen Record Parade (11)]. Cine21 (in Korean). Archived from the original on October 8, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
- Ozaki 2018. Ozaki, Kazuo (December 3, 2018). "監督との対話から見える『グエムル -漢江の怪物-』の輪郭" [The outline of The Host revealed through conversation with the director]. thecinema.jp (in Japanese). Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- Choson Sinbo 1998a. "大ヒット、「プルガサリ」" [The big hit, Pulgasari]. Choson Sinbo (in Japanese). 1998. Archived from the original on July 5, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
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