Puppet state (English Wikipedia)

McNeely, Connie L. (1995). Constructing the Nation-state: International Organization and Prescriptive Action. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-313-29398-6. Retrieved 13 September 2017. The term 'puppet state' is used to describe nominal sovereigns under effective foreign control...
Shapiro, Stephen (2003). Ultra Hush-hush. Annick Press. p. 38. ISBN 1-55037-778-7. Puppet state: a country whose government is being controlled by the government of another country, much as a puppeteer controls the strings on a marionette

armenianweekly.com (Global: low place; English: 7,610^th place)

Sassounian, Harut (2 November 2020). "Putin Finally Reveals His Solution to the Artsakh Conflict". The Armenian Weekly.

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Linter, Bertil (18 September 2019). "Why Myanmar's Wa always get what they want". Retrieved 20 February 2021.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

"BBC News – Regions and territories: Abkhazia". BBC News. London: BBC. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2012.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

Stephen Dowling (31 May 2018). "Abkhazia: The 'country' living in a Soviet time warp". BBC.
Gritten, David (29 November 2024). "Syria rebels launch major offensive in north-west and gain territory". BBC. Retrieved 1 December 2024.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Compare: Marek, Krystyna (1968) [1954]. Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law. Library Droz. p. 178. ISBN 9782600040440. [...] an allegedly independent, but 'actually' dependent, i.e. puppet State [...].
Raič, David (2002). Statehood and the Law of Self-Determination. Kluwer Law International. p. 81. ISBN 90-411-1890-X. Retrieved 13 September 2017. In most cases, puppet States are created by the occupant during occupation of a State, for the purpose of circumventing the former's international responsibility regarding the violation of the rights of the occupied State.
Lemkin, Raphaël (2008) [1944]. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-58477-901-8. Retrieved 30 June 2019. The creation of puppet states or of puppet governments does not give them any special status under international law in the occupied territory. Therefore the puppet governments and puppet states have no greater rights in the occupied territory than the occupant himself. Their actions should be considered as actions of the occupant and hence subject to the limitations of the Hague Regulations.
...managed to see the puppet Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Rallis through @ Sephardi Jewry: A History of the Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th–20th Centuries, p. 168
Serbia also had a Nazi puppet regime headed by Milan Nedic @ The Balkanization of the West: The Confluence of Postmodernism and Postcommunism, p. 198
Shattuck, John (2009). Freedom on Fire. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674043480. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
Francis, Céline (2011). Conflict Resolution and Status: The Case of Georgia and Abkhazia (1989–2008). VUBPRESS Brussels University Press. pp. 92–97. ISBN 978-90-5487-899-5. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
Milano, Enrico (2006). Unlawful Territorial Situations in International Law: Reconciling Effectiveness, Legality And Legitimacy. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 146. ISBN 9004149392.
Terry.D., Gill (2016). Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2015. Springer. p. 58. ISBN 9789462651418.
James, A. Sovereign statehood: The basis of international society. p. 142 [1]. Taylor and Francis, 1986, 288 pages. ISBN 0-04-320191-1.
Kurtulus, E. State sovereignty: concept, phenomenon and ramifications. p. 136 [2]. Macmillan, 2005, 232 pages. ISBN 1-4039-6988-4.
Kaczorowska, A. Public International Law. p. 190 [3]. Taylor and Francis, 2010, 944 pages. ISBN 0-415-56685-1.
Bartmann, Barry (2004). Bahcheli, Tozun; Bartmann, Barry; Srebrnik, Henry (eds.). De Facto States: The Quest for Sovereignty. Routledge. p. 24. ISBN 9781135771218.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

Arfa, Hassan. "Reza Shah Pahlavi: Shah of Iran: Policies as Shah". Encyclopædia Britannica online. Britannica.com. Retrieved 25 November 2017.

carnegieendowment.org (Global: 3,812^th place; English: 3,173^rd place)

Crocker, Ryan (17 November 2021). "Afghanistan 2001–2021: U.S. Policy Lessons Learned". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

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"Who Governs the Palestinians? | Council on Foreign Relations". www.cfr.org. Retrieved 30 July 2024.

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Robertson, Dylan C. (5 March 2014). "Is Transnistria the ghost of Crimea's future?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 25 October 2015.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Stanley, John (1989). "The Adaptation of the Napoleonic Political Structure in the Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1813)". Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne des Slavistes. 31 (2): 128–145. doi:10.1080/00085006.1989.11091911. JSTOR 40869047.
Şirin, İbrahim (February 2014). "İki Hükümet Bir Teşkilat: Garbî Trakya Hükümet-i Muvakkatesi'nden Cenub-î Garbî Kafkas Hükümeti Muvakkate- î Milliyesi'ne" [Two Governments One Organisation: From the Provisional Government of Western Thrace to the Provisional Government of South-Western Caucasia] (PDF). History Studies (in Turkish). 6 (2). historystudies.net: 125–142. doi:10.9737/historys1130. ISSN 1309-4688. See translated abstract on page 125.
Tymur Korotkyi, Nataliia Hendel (2018). The Legal Status of the Donetsk and Luhansk "Peoples' Republics". pp. 145–170. doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-222-4_7. ISBN 978-94-6265-221-7.
Ivanel, Bogdan (2016). "Puppet States: A Growing Trend of Covert Occupation". Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law Volume 18, 2015. Vol. 18. pp. 43–65. doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-141-8_2. ISBN 978-94-6265-140-1.
Beaucillon, Charlotte (17 August 2021). "The European Unions position and practice with regard to unilateral and extraterritorial sanctions". Research Handbook on Unilateral and Extraterritorial Sanctions: 110–129. doi:10.4337/9781839107856.00014. ISBN 9781839107856. S2CID 238717787 – via www.elgaronline.com.

elgaronline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Beaucillon, Charlotte (17 August 2021). "The European Unions position and practice with regard to unilateral and extraterritorial sanctions". Research Handbook on Unilateral and Extraterritorial Sanctions: 110–129. doi:10.4337/9781839107856.00014. ISBN 9781839107856. S2CID 238717787 – via www.elgaronline.com.

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Nikolaus von Twickel; Gwendolyn Sasse; Mario Baumann. "Russian Analytical Digest No 214: The Armed Conflict in Eastern Ukraine". ETH Zurich.

etymonline.com (Global: 287^th place; English: 321^st place)

Harper, Douglas. "puppet (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 1 June 2014.

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"Trump's Plan for Palestine Looks a Lot Like Apartheid". Foreign Policy. 27 February 2020.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

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Serhii Plokhii (27 February 2022). "Casus Belli: Did Lenin Create Modern Ukraine?". Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. Retrieved 8 July 2022.

historystudies.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

Şirin, İbrahim (February 2014). "İki Hükümet Bir Teşkilat: Garbî Trakya Hükümet-i Muvakkatesi'nden Cenub-î Garbî Kafkas Hükümeti Muvakkate- î Milliyesi'ne" [Two Governments One Organisation: From the Provisional Government of Western Thrace to the Provisional Government of South-Western Caucasia] (PDF). History Studies (in Turkish). 6 (2). historystudies.net: 125–142. doi:10.9737/historys1130. ISSN 1309-4688. See translated abstract on page 125.

irishtimes.com (Global: 266^th place; English: 182^nd place)

McLaughlin, Daniel (12 September 2008). "Russia insists it has no imperial ambitions for ex-Soviet neighbours". The Irish Times. Retrieved 26 June 2021.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Stanley, John (1989). "The Adaptation of the Napoleonic Political Structure in the Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1813)". Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne des Slavistes. 31 (2): 128–145. doi:10.1080/00085006.1989.11091911. JSTOR 40869047.

justsecurity.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict and the Exercise of 'Self-Defense' to Recover Occupied Land". Just Security. 10 November 2020.

magepublishers.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Morgan Shuster. "The Strangling of Persia: A Story of European Diplomacy and Oriental Intrigue". p. 221 – via No Ruz in: Near East Journal, 21 March 1912.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 209^th place; English: 191^st place)

Puppet government, Merriam-Webster

middleeasteye.net (Global: 2,858^th place; English: 2,017^th place)

"ANALYSIS: Saudi Arabia plays puppet master as Yemen slowly breaks apart". Middle East Eye. 2 February 2018.

mondoweiss.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Is the UAE involved in Israel's Gaza 'concentration camp' scheme? Here's what we know". Mondoweiss. 31 July 2025. Retrieved 31 July 2025.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Dowd, Maureen (26 September 2004). "Dance of the Marionettes". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
Weisman, Steven R. (5 January 2004). "The Struggle for Iraq: Northern Region; Kurdish Region in Northern Iraq Will Get to Keep Special Status". The New York Times.

nzz.ch (Global: 687^th place; English: 2,985^th place)

Croitoru, Joseph (13 March 2019). "Die kleine Türkei in Nordsyrien". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 1 December 2024.

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"Iraqis rise up against 16 years of 'made in the USA' corruption". openDemocracy. Retrieved 16 January 2024.

rbth.com (Global: 1,781^st place; English: 1,533^rd place)

Yekaterina Sinelschikova (3 August 2021). "USSR's first AEROWAGON - and the dark story behind it (PHOTOS + VIDEO)". RBTH. Retrieved 7 July 2022.

reuters.com (Global: 49^th place; English: 47^th place)

reuters.com

Slodkowski, Antoni; Lee, Yimou (28 December 2016). "Through reclusive Wa, a China's reach extends into Suu Kyi's Myanmar". Reuters. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
"Yemen president calls Houthis 'Iran's puppet'". Reuters. 28 March 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2021.

uk.reuters.com

Browning, Noah (11 May 2018). "UAE extends military reach in Yemen and Somalia". reuters.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018.

ria.ru (Global: 183^rd place; English: 1,107^th place)

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"Russian Troops in Abkhazia to Get Air-Conditioned APCs". RIA Novosti. 19 April 2013.

rollingstone.com (Global: 47^th place; English: 38^th place)

Dreyfuss, Bob (28 April 2010). "Hamid Karzai: Revenge of the Puppet". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Beaucillon, Charlotte (17 August 2021). "The European Unions position and practice with regard to unilateral and extraterritorial sanctions". Research Handbook on Unilateral and Extraterritorial Sanctions: 110–129. doi:10.4337/9781839107856.00014. ISBN 9781839107856. S2CID 238717787 – via www.elgaronline.com.

spiegel.de (Global: 66^th place; English: 350^th place)

Alasaad, Daham; Perrier, Guillaume; Popp, Maximilian (5 October 2020). "Syrische Söldner im Bergkarabach-Konflikt: Erdogans Schattenkrieger". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 1 December 2024.

springer.com (Global: 274^th place; English: 309^th place)

link.springer.com

Tymur Korotkyi, Nataliia Hendel (2018). The Legal Status of the Donetsk and Luhansk "Peoples' Republics". pp. 145–170. doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-222-4_7. ISBN 978-94-6265-221-7.
Ivanel, Bogdan (2016). "Puppet States: A Growing Trend of Covert Occupation". Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law Volume 18, 2015. Vol. 18. pp. 43–65. doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-141-8_2. ISBN 978-94-6265-140-1.

thecommentator.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Coffey, Luke (1 June 2012). "Georgia and Russia: The occupation too many have forgotten". thecommentator.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2017.

theguardian.com (Global: 12^th place; English: 11^th place)

Rourke, Alison (29 August 2019). "East Timor: Indonesia's invasion and the long road to independence". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
McKernan, Bethan; Akoush, Hussein (15 January 2020). "Exclusive: 2,000 Syrian fighters deployed to Libya to support government". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
"Yemen on the brink: how the UAE is profiting from the chaos of civil war". The Guardian. 21 December 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018.

themoscowtimes.com (Global: 1,388^th place; English: 972^nd place)

Nikolaus von Twickel (26 August 2011). "No Clear Frontrunner as Abkhazia Goes to Poll". The Moscow Times.

timor-leste.gov.tl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Declaration of Independence". Timor-Leste gov. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

voi.id (Global: low place; English: low place)

Febrian, Ramdan (28 November 2019). Indrawan, Aditya Fajar (ed.). "A Piece Of The Story Of East Timor's Independence From Portugal Then Indonesia Was "annexed"". VOI. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

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"Neopatrimonialism and Regime Endurance in Transnistria" (PDF).

washingtonpost.com (Global: 34^th place; English: 27^th place)

Juneau, Thomas (16 May 2016). "No, Yemen's Houthis actually aren't Iranian puppets". Washington Post. Retrieved 31 January 2021.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Febrian, Ramdan (28 November 2019). Indrawan, Aditya Fajar (ed.). "A Piece Of The Story Of East Timor's Independence From Portugal Then Indonesia Was "annexed"". VOI. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
Crocker, Ryan (17 November 2021). "Afghanistan 2001–2021: U.S. Policy Lessons Learned". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
Dreyfuss, Bob (28 April 2010). "Hamid Karzai: Revenge of the Puppet". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 5 June 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
"iraqcoalition.org/~Status_of_Coalition_Rev_with_Annex_A.pdf" (PDF). Archived from the original on 1 July 2004. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
"iraqcoalition.org/~Tax_Strategy_of_2004_with_Annex_and_Ex_Note.pdf" (PDF). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
Coffey, Luke (1 June 2012). "Georgia and Russia: The occupation too many have forgotten". thecommentator.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
Browning, Noah (11 May 2018). "UAE extends military reach in Yemen and Somalia". reuters.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

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Şirin, İbrahim (February 2014). "İki Hükümet Bir Teşkilat: Garbî Trakya Hükümet-i Muvakkatesi'nden Cenub-î Garbî Kafkas Hükümeti Muvakkate- î Milliyesi'ne" [Two Governments One Organisation: From the Provisional Government of Western Thrace to the Provisional Government of South-Western Caucasia] (PDF). History Studies (in Turkish). 6 (2). historystudies.net: 125–142. doi:10.9737/historys1130. ISSN 1309-4688. See translated abstract on page 125.

ynetnews.com (Global: 1,870^th place; English: 1,304^th place)

Ynetnews (27 July 2025). "In Gaza's Rafah, rebel commander claims war already over—and offers alternative to Hamas". Ynetnews. Retrieved 29 July 2025.

Puppet state (English Wikipedia)

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