Pytheas (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Pytheas" in English language version.

Last modified: 14:38:32, 5 August 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

Global rank English rank

2618uchicago.edu

226^th place

199^th place

1713books.google.com

3^rd place

1411tufts.edu

192^nd place

165^th place

1313archive.org

6^th place

108doi.org

2^nd place

44web.archive.org

1^st place

44jstor.org

23^rd place

15^th place

43openlibrary.org

185^th place

154^th place

22hdl.handle.net

66^th place

34^th place

22nga.mil

415^th place

391^st place

22pol.ac.uk

low place

11arxiv.org

49^th place

31^st place

11worldcat.org

4^th place

11topostext.org

2,055^th place

1,122^nd place

11taylorfrancis.com

1,902^nd place

1,063^rd place

11semanticscholar.org

15^th place

8^th place

11scribd.com

467^th place

428^th place

11dioi.org

low place

11swan.ac.uk

low place

11adsabs.harvard.edu

14^th place

9^th place

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Markham 1893, p. 510. Markham, Clements R. (June 1893). "Pytheas, The Discoverer of Britain". The Geographical Journal. 1 (6). London: The Royal Geographical Society: 504–524. Bibcode:1893GeogJ...1..504M. doi:10.2307/1773964. JSTOR 1773964.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Holmes, T. Rice (1907). Ancient Britain and the Invasions of Julius Caesar. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 499–500. Ancient Britain and the Invasions of Julius Caesar.
f.w. walbank (1957). a historical commentary on polybius. Internet Archive.
Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (F Gr Hist). Internet Archive. Berlin : Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. 1923. ISBN 978-90-04-01102-1. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)CS1 maint: others (link) CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
Tozer, Henry Fanshawe (1897). A History of Ancient Geography. Cambridge: Cambriddge University Press. pp. 152–154..
Elton, Charles Isaac (1890). Origins of English history. Robarts - University of Toronto. London : B. Quaritch. p. 7.
Thomas, Charles (1997). Celtic Britain. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 82. ISBN 9780500279359. If we seek a meaning, the favoured view is that it arises from an older word implying 'people of the forms, shapes or depictions' (*k^wrt-en-o-).
Aristotle or Pseudo-Aristotle (1955). "On the Cosmos, 393b12". On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. On the Cosmos. Translated by Forster, E. S.; Furley, D. J. Harvard University Press. pp. 360–361. at the Open Library Project. DjVu
Burton 1875, p. 2 Burton, Richard F. (1875). Ultima Thule; or, A Summer in Iceland. London and Edinburgh: William P. Nimmo. Ultima Thule; or, A Summer in Iceland.
Burton 1875, p. 10. Burton, Richard F. (1875). Ultima Thule; or, A Summer in Iceland. London and Edinburgh: William P. Nimmo. Ultima Thule; or, A Summer in Iceland.
Aristotle; William Ogle (1882). On the Parts of Animals. London: Kegan, Paul, French & Co. p. 226. On the Parts of Animals.
Christensen (2002, pp. 25–31) citing Pliny, Book 4 Christensen, Arne Søby (2002). Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth. Translated by Flegal, Heidi. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-7104.
Tozer, Henry Fanshawe (1897). A History of Ancient Geography. Cambridge: Cambriddge University Press. p. 225..
Diels, Hermann, ed. (1879). Doxographi Graeci (in Ancient Greek). Berlin: G. Reimer. pp. 383. Downloadable Internet Archive. Diels includes two matching fragments of Aëtius' Placita, one from Pseudo-Plutarch Epitome Book III Chapter 17 often included in Moralia and the other from Stobaeus' Extracta Book I Chapter 38 [33].

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Malusa, Annalisa; Novaga, Matteo (2018). "Crystalline evolutions in chessboard-like microstructures". Networks & Heterogeneous Media. 13 (3): 493–513. arXiv:1710.06775. doi:10.3934/nhm.2018022. hdl:11568/933476. ISSN 1556-181X.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Smith 1880, Pytheas. Smith, William (1880). "Pytheas". A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. Vol. III. London: J. Murray.
Roller, Duane W. (2006). Through the Pillars of Herakles: Greco-Roman Exploration of the Atlantic. Taylor & Francis. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-415-37287-9.
Nansen 1911, p. 51. Nansen, Fridtjof (1911). In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times. Vol. I. Translated by Arthur G. Chater. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
Siculi, Diodori; L. Rhodoman; G. Heyn; N. Eyring (1798). "Book V, Sections 21–22". In Peter Wesseling (ed.). Bibliothecae Historicae Libri Qui Supersunt: Nova Editio (in Ancient Greek and Latin). Argentorati: Societas Bipontina. pp. 292–297. The section numeration differs somewhat in different translations; the material is to be found near the end of Book V.
Nansen 1911, p. 53; Geminus, Introduction to the Phenomena, vi.9. Nansen, Fridtjof (1911). In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times. Vol. I. Translated by Arthur G. Chater. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
Christensen (2002, pp. 25–31) citing Pliny, Book 4 Christensen, Arne Søby (2002). Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth. Translated by Flegal, Heidi. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-7104.
Christensen 2002, pp. 25–31. Christensen, Arne Søby (2002). Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth. Translated by Flegal, Heidi. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-7104.
Christensen 2002, p. 30. Christensen, Arne Søby (2002). Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths: Studies in a Migration Myth. Translated by Flegal, Heidi. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-7104.
Nansen 1911, p. 46. Nansen, Fridtjof (1911). In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times. Vol. I. Translated by Arthur G. Chater. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
Nansen 1911, p. 53. Nansen, Fridtjof (1911). In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times. Vol. I. Translated by Arthur G. Chater. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
Nansen 1911, p. 52. Nansen, Fridtjof (1911). In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times. Vol. I. Translated by Arthur G. Chater. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
Markham 1893, p. 510. Markham, Clements R. (June 1893). "Pytheas, The Discoverer of Britain". The Geographical Journal. 1 (6). London: The Royal Geographical Society: 504–524. Bibcode:1893GeogJ...1..504M. doi:10.2307/1773964. JSTOR 1773964.
Graham, Thomas H.B. (July–December 1893). "Thule and the Tin Islands". The Gentleman's Magazine. Vol. CCLXXV. p. 179.

dioi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Most students of Pytheas presume that his differences from modern calculations represent error due to primitive instrumentation. Rawlins assumes the opposite, that Pytheas observed the sun correctly, but his observatory was a few miles south of west-facing Marseille. Working backward from the discrepancy, he arrives at Maire Island or Cape Croisette, which Pytheas would have selected for better viewing over the south horizon. To date there is no archaeological or other evidence to support the presence of such an observatory; however, the deficit of antiquities does not prove non-existence. Rawlins, Dennis (December 2009). "Pytheas' Solstice Observation Locates Him" (PDF). DIO & the Journal for Hysterical Astronomy. 16: 11–17.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Kaplan 2013. Kaplan, Philip G. (2013). "Pytheas of Massalia". In Bagnall, Roger S (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 1. doi:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah21281.pub2. ISBN 978-1-4051-7935-5.
Warmington & Spawforth 2015. Warmington, Eric Herbert; Spawforth, Antony (2015). "Pytheas, Greek navigator, c. 310–306 BCE". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5459. ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5.
Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke; Engels, Johannes; Gärtner, Hans Armin; Albiani, Maria Grazia (2006). "Pytheas". Brill's New Pauly. doi:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1016010.
Malusa, Annalisa; Novaga, Matteo (2018). "Crystalline evolutions in chessboard-like microstructures". Networks & Heterogeneous Media. 13 (3): 493–513. arXiv:1710.06775. doi:10.3934/nhm.2018022. hdl:11568/933476. ISSN 1556-181X.
w. Roller, Duane (11 January 2013). Through the Pillars of Herakles : Greco-Roman Exploration of the Atlantic. Taylor & Francis. pp. 64–65. doi:10.4324/9780203962473. ISBN 978-1-134-19233-5. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024.
Tierney, James J. (1959). "Ptolemy's Map of Scotland". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 79: 132–148. doi:10.2307/627926. JSTOR 627926. S2CID 163631018.
Translation from Chevallier 1984. Chevallier, R. (December 1984). "The Greco-Roman Conception of the North from Pytheas to Tacitus". Arctic. 37 (4): 341–346. doi:10.14430/arctic2217. hdl:10515/sy5tb0xz8. JSTOR 40510297.
Markham 1893, p. 510. Markham, Clements R. (June 1893). "Pytheas, The Discoverer of Britain". The Geographical Journal. 1 (6). London: The Royal Geographical Society: 504–524. Bibcode:1893GeogJ...1..504M. doi:10.2307/1773964. JSTOR 1773964.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Malusa, Annalisa; Novaga, Matteo (2018). "Crystalline evolutions in chessboard-like microstructures". Networks & Heterogeneous Media. 13 (3): 493–513. arXiv:1710.06775. doi:10.3934/nhm.2018022. hdl:11568/933476. ISSN 1556-181X.
Translation from Chevallier 1984. Chevallier, R. (December 1984). "The Greco-Roman Conception of the North from Pytheas to Tacitus". Arctic. 37 (4): 341–346. doi:10.14430/arctic2217. hdl:10515/sy5tb0xz8. JSTOR 40510297.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Whitaker, Ian (December 1981 – January 1982). "The Problem of Pytheas' Thule". The Classical Journal. 77 (2): 148–164. JSTOR 3296920.
Tierney, James J. (1959). "Ptolemy's Map of Scotland". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 79: 132–148. doi:10.2307/627926. JSTOR 627926. S2CID 163631018.
Translation from Chevallier 1984. Chevallier, R. (December 1984). "The Greco-Roman Conception of the North from Pytheas to Tacitus". Arctic. 37 (4): 341–346. doi:10.14430/arctic2217. hdl:10515/sy5tb0xz8. JSTOR 40510297.
Markham 1893, p. 510. Markham, Clements R. (June 1893). "Pytheas, The Discoverer of Britain". The Geographical Journal. 1 (6). London: The Royal Geographical Society: 504–524. Bibcode:1893GeogJ...1..504M. doi:10.2307/1773964. JSTOR 1773964.

nga.mil (Global: 415^th place; English: 391^st place)

msi.nga.mil

Bowditch, Nathaniel (2002). The American Practical Navigator: an Epitome of Navigation (PDF) (Bicentennial ed.). National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
Bowditch, Nathaniel (2002). The American Practical Navigator: an Epitome of Navigation (PDF) (Bicentennial ed.). National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. p. 243. Retrieved 7 June 2012. That is, the altitude of the elevated pole is equal to the declination of the zenith, which is equal to the latitude

openlibrary.org (Global: 185^th place; English: 154^th place)

Mette, Hans Joachim (1952). Pytheas von Massalia. Berlin: W. de Gruyter. OL 15125632M.
Roller, Duane W. (15 February 2006). Through the Pillars of Herakles: Greco-Roman Exploration of the Atlantic. Routledge. OL 7493462M.
Roseman, Christina Horst (December 1994). Pytheas of Massalia: On the Ocean: Text, Translation and Commentary. Ares Publishers. ISBN 978-0-89005-545-8. OL 8215022M.

pol.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Harmonic Constants". National Oceanography Centre. 3 July 2012. Archived from the original on 3 July 2012.
"Highest & lowest predicted tides". National Oceanography Centre. 3 July 2012. Archived from the original on 3 July 2012.

scribd.com (Global: 467^th place; English: 428^th place)

Novotná, Petra. "Glottochronology and Its Application to the Balto-Slavic Languages". Retrieved 18 February 2017.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Tierney, James J. (1959). "Ptolemy's Map of Scotland". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 79: 132–148. doi:10.2307/627926. JSTOR 627926. S2CID 163631018.

swan.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Rihll, T.E. "Greek and Roman Science and Technology, V3; Specific subjects; Astronomy". Note 14: Swansea University. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902^nd place; English: 1,063^rd place)

w. Roller, Duane (11 January 2013). Through the Pillars of Herakles : Greco-Roman Exploration of the Atlantic. Taylor & Francis. pp. 64–65. doi:10.4324/9780203962473. ISBN 978-1-134-19233-5. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024.

topostext.org (Global: 2,055^th place; English: 1,122^nd place)

Geog. 2.4.2

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

Natural History Book IV Chapter 30 (16.104).
Natural History, Book 37, Chapter 11: "Pytheas says that the Gutones, a people of Germany, inhabit the shores of an æstuary of the Ocean called Mentonomon, their territory extending a distance of six thousand stadia; that, at one day's sail from this territory, is the Isle of Abalus, upon the shores of which, amber is thrown up by the waves in spring, it being an excretion of the sea in a concrete form; as, also, that the inhabitants use this amber by way of fuel, and sell it to their neighbours, the Teutones. Timæus, too, is of the same belief, but he has given to the island the name of Basilia."
Natural History Book IV Chapter 30 (16.102).
Βρεττανική. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
Strabo's Geography Book I. Chapter IV. Section 2 Greek text and English translation at the Perseus Project.
Strabo's Geography Book IV. Chapter II. Section 1 Greek text and English translation at the Perseus Project.
Strabo's Geography Book IV. Chapter IV. Section 1 Greek text and English translation at the Perseus Project.
Natural History IX.71.
Natural History XXXII.32.
Natural History IV.27.13 or IV.13.95 in the Loeb edition.
Natural History Book II Chapter 99

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

penelope.uchicago.edu

Geographica Book II.4.2 paragraph 401): "And as for Eratosthenes — adds Poseidonius — ... he believes Pytheas, and that, too, though not even Dicaearchus believed him. Now that last remark, "though not even Dicaearchus believed him," is ridiculous; as if it were fitting for Eratosthenes to use as a standard the man against whom he himself directs so many criticisms."
Geographica III.2.11.
Geographica Book II.4.1.
Book XXXIV chapter 5, which survives as a fragment in Geographica Book II.4.1.
Geographica II.4.2.
Geographica II.5.8.
Geographica I.4.2.
Geographica IV.5.5.
Geographica I.4.3.
Geographica II.5.34: "If, then, we cut the greatest circle of the Earth into three hundred and sixty sections, each of these sections will have seven hundred stadia."
Geographica II.5.41.
Geographica II.5.3.
Geographica II.5.7.
Strabo's extensive presentation of the geographic model including the theory of the Arctic is to be found in Book II Chapter 5.
Strabo II.1.12,13.
However, Srabo II.1.18 implied 3800, still attributed to Hipparchus. Eratosthenes has quite a different view. See under Thule.
Strabo III.2.11.
Geographica II.3.5.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

w. Roller, Duane (11 January 2013). Through the Pillars of Herakles : Greco-Roman Exploration of the Atlantic. Taylor & Francis. pp. 64–65. doi:10.4324/9780203962473. ISBN 978-1-134-19233-5. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024.
Rihll, T.E. "Greek and Roman Science and Technology, V3; Specific subjects; Astronomy". Note 14: Swansea University. Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
"Harmonic Constants". National Oceanography Centre. 3 July 2012. Archived from the original on 3 July 2012.
"Highest & lowest predicted tides". National Oceanography Centre. 3 July 2012. Archived from the original on 3 July 2012.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Malusa, Annalisa; Novaga, Matteo (2018). "Crystalline evolutions in chessboard-like microstructures". Networks & Heterogeneous Media. 13 (3): 493–513. arXiv:1710.06775. doi:10.3934/nhm.2018022. hdl:11568/933476. ISSN 1556-181X.

Pytheas (English Wikipedia)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

dioi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

nga.mil (Global: 415th place; English: 391st place)

msi.nga.mil

openlibrary.org (Global: 185th place; English: 154th place)

pol.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

scribd.com (Global: 467th place; English: 428th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

swan.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902nd place; English: 1,063rd place)

topostext.org (Global: 2,055th place; English: 1,122nd place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192nd place; English: 165th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

uchicago.edu (Global: 226th place; English: 199th place)

penelope.uchicago.edu

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

nga.mil (Global: 415^th place; English: 391^st place)

openlibrary.org (Global: 185^th place; English: 154^th place)

scribd.com (Global: 467^th place; English: 428^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

taylorfrancis.com (Global: 1,902^nd place; English: 1,063^rd place)

topostext.org (Global: 2,055^th place; English: 1,122^nd place)

tufts.edu (Global: 192^nd place; English: 165^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 226^th place; English: 199^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)