References analysis of the Wikipedia article "QWERTY" in the English version

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Weller, Charles Edward (1918), The early history of the typewriter, La Porte, Indiana: Chase & Shepard, printers, hdl:2027/nyp.33433006345817

Shermer, Michael (2008). The mind of the market. Macmillan. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-8050-7832-9.

Gould, Stephen Jay (1987). "The Panda's Thumb of Technology". Natural History. Vol. 96, no. 1. pp. 14–23.

bcgsc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

mkweb.bcgsc.ca

Krzywinski, Martin. "Colemak – Popular Alternative". Carpalx – keyboard layout optimizer. Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2010.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Yasuoka, Koichi; Yasuoka, Motoko (2008). Myth of QWERTY Keyboard. Tokyo: NTT Publishing. ISBN 9784757141766. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2016.

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982^nd place; English: 2,975^th place)

Diamond, Jared (April 1997), "The Curse of QWERTY", Discover, archived from the original on 20 September 2008, retrieved 29 April 2009, More than 3,000 English words utilize QWERTY's left hand alone, and about 300 the right hand alone.

docs.google.com (Global: 877^th place; English: 850^th place)

Marcin Wichary (April 2019). "The mystery of the ⋮ tricolon key". Retrieved 28 May 2026.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Yasuoka, Koichi; Yasuoka, Motoko (March 2011). "On the Prehistory of QWERTY" (PDF). ZINBUN. 42: 161–174. doi:10.14989/139379. S2CID 53616602. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
Castillo, M. (2 September 2010). "QWERTY, @, &, #". American Journal of Neuroradiology. 32 (4): 613–614. doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2228. ISSN 0195-6108. PMC 7965893. PMID 20813871.
Liebowitz, Stan; Margolis, Stephen E. (1990), "The Fable of the Keys", Journal of Law and Economics, 33 (1): 1–26, doi:10.1086/467198, S2CID 14262869

espacenet.com (Global: 950^th place; English: 813^th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

US 79868, Shole, C. Latham; Glidden, Carlos & Soule, Samuel W., "Improvement in Type-writing Machines", issued 14 July 1868
US 207559, Sholes, Christopher Latham, issued 27 August 1878

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

google/us-altgr-intl, Github, 10 September 2025, retrieved 3 May 2026

gsmarena.com (Global: 1,186^th place; English: 911^th place)

"Half-QWERTY keyboard layout – Mobile terms glossary". GSMArena.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010. Retrieved 31 January 2011.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Weller, Charles Edward (1918), The early history of the typewriter, La Porte, Indiana: Chase & Shepard, printers, hdl:2027/nyp.33433006345817

jkorpela.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

Korpela, Jukka. "Suomalainen monikielinen näppäimistö" [Finnish multilingual keyboard] (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

David, Paul A. (1985), "Clio and the Economics of QWERTY", American Economic Review, 75 (2), American Economic Association: 332–337, JSTOR 1805621

kinesis-ergo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kinesis – Ergonomic Benefits of the Contoured Keyboard Archived 28 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine – Vertical key layout

kotoistus.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kotoistus (12 December 2006), Uusi näppäinasettelu [Status of the new Keyboard Layout] (in Finnish and English), CSC IT Center for Science, archived from the original (presentation page collecting drafts of the Finnish Multilingual Keyboard) on 27 April 2015, retrieved 19 April 2015
"Precomposed characters in the new Finnish keyboard layout specification" (PDF). Kotoistus. 29 June 2006. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2015.

kyoto-u.ac.jp (Global: 2,808^th place; English: 4,826^th place)

repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Yasuoka, Koichi; Yasuoka, Motoko (March 2011). "On the Prehistory of QWERTY" (PDF). ZINBUN. 42: 161–174. doi:10.14989/139379. S2CID 53616602. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

support.microsoft.com

How to use the United States-International keyboard layout in Windows 7, in Windows Vista, and in Windows XP Archived 4 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Microsoft, 17 August 2009

mrmartinweb.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

See for example the Olivetti Lettera 36 Archived 27 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, introduced in 1972

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Castillo, M. (2 September 2010). "QWERTY, @, &, #". American Journal of Neuroradiology. 32 (4): 613–614. doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2228. ISSN 0195-6108. PMC 7965893. PMID 20813871.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Castillo, M. (2 September 2010). "QWERTY, @, &, #". American Journal of Neuroradiology. 32 (4): 613–614. doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2228. ISSN 0195-6108. PMC 7965893. PMID 20813871.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Yasuoka, Koichi; Yasuoka, Motoko (March 2011). "On the Prehistory of QWERTY" (PDF). ZINBUN. 42: 161–174. doi:10.14989/139379. S2CID 53616602. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
Liebowitz, Stan; Margolis, Stephen E. (1990), "The Fable of the Keys", Journal of Law and Economics, 33 (1): 1–26, doi:10.1086/467198, S2CID 14262869

sfs.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

sales.sfs.fi

SFS 5966 (keyboard layout), Finnish Standards Association SFS, 3 November 2008, archived from the original on 5 December 2014, retrieved 19 April 2015. Finnish-Swedish multilingual keyboard setting.

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

Stamp, Jimmy. "The QWERTY Keyboard Will Never Die. Where Did the 150-Year-Old Design Come From?". Smithsonian.

straightdope.com (Global: 5,132^nd place; English: 4,368^th place)

Adams, Cecil (30 October 1981). "Was the QWERTY keyboard purposely designed to slow typists?". straightdope.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2013.

typematrix.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

TypeMatrix. "TypeMatrix - The Keyboard is the Key". typematrix.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2013.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Yasuoka, Koichi; Yasuoka, Motoko (March 2011). "On the Prehistory of QWERTY" (PDF). ZINBUN. 42: 161–174. doi:10.14989/139379. S2CID 53616602. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
Yasuoka, Koichi; Yasuoka, Motoko (2008). Myth of QWERTY Keyboard. Tokyo: NTT Publishing. ISBN 9784757141766. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
See for example the Olivetti Lettera 36 Archived 27 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, introduced in 1972
Diamond, Jared (April 1997), "The Curse of QWERTY", Discover, archived from the original on 20 September 2008, retrieved 29 April 2009, More than 3,000 English words utilize QWERTY's left hand alone, and about 300 the right hand alone.
Adams, Cecil (30 October 1981). "Was the QWERTY keyboard purposely designed to slow typists?". straightdope.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
Kinesis – Ergonomic Benefits of the Contoured Keyboard Archived 28 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine – Vertical key layout
TypeMatrix. "TypeMatrix - The Keyboard is the Key". typematrix.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
How to use the United States-International keyboard layout in Windows 7, in Windows Vista, and in Windows XP Archived 4 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Microsoft, 17 August 2009
SFS 5966 (keyboard layout), Finnish Standards Association SFS, 3 November 2008, archived from the original on 5 December 2014, retrieved 19 April 2015. Finnish-Swedish multilingual keyboard setting.
Kotoistus (12 December 2006), Uusi näppäinasettelu [Status of the new Keyboard Layout] (in Finnish and English), CSC IT Center for Science, archived from the original (presentation page collecting drafts of the Finnish Multilingual Keyboard) on 27 April 2015, retrieved 19 April 2015
"Precomposed characters in the new Finnish keyboard layout specification" (PDF). Kotoistus. 29 June 2006. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Korpela, Jukka. "Suomalainen monikielinen näppäimistö" [Finnish multilingual keyboard] (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
Krzywinski, Martin. "Colemak – Popular Alternative". Carpalx – keyboard layout optimizer. Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
"Half-QWERTY keyboard layout – Mobile terms glossary". GSMArena.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2010. Retrieved 31 January 2011.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Castillo, M. (2 September 2010). "QWERTY, @, &, #". American Journal of Neuroradiology. 32 (4): 613–614. doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2228. ISSN 0195-6108. PMC 7965893. PMID 20813871.

zuttobenkyou.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Shinobu (24 August 2011). "Xorg: Using the US International (altgr-intl variant) Keyboard Layout". Shinobu's Secrets. Retrieved 3 May 2026.

QWERTY (English Wikipedia)

ansi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

webstore.ansi.org

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bcgsc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

mkweb.bcgsc.ca

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982^nd place; English: 2,975^th place)

docs.google.com (Global: 877^th place; English: 850^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 950^th place; English: 813^th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

gsmarena.com (Global: 1,186^th place; English: 911^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

jkorpela.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

kinesis-ergo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

kotoistus.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

kyoto-u.ac.jp (Global: 2,808^th place; English: 4,826^th place)

repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

support.microsoft.com

mrmartinweb.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sfs.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

sales.sfs.fi

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

straightdope.com (Global: 5,132^nd place; English: 4,368^th place)

typematrix.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

zuttobenkyou.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

QWERTY (English Wikipedia)

ansi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

webstore.ansi.org

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bcgsc.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

mkweb.bcgsc.ca

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982nd place; English: 2,975th place)

docs.google.com (Global: 877th place; English: 850th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 950th place; English: 813th place)

worldwide.espacenet.com

github.com (Global: 380th place; English: 337th place)

gsmarena.com (Global: 1,186th place; English: 911th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

jkorpela.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

kinesis-ergo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

kotoistus.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

kyoto-u.ac.jp (Global: 2,808th place; English: 4,826th place)

repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp

microsoft.com (Global: 263rd place; English: 259th place)

support.microsoft.com

mrmartinweb.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

sfs.fi (Global: low place; English: low place)

sales.sfs.fi

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663rd place; English: 431st place)

straightdope.com (Global: 5,132nd place; English: 4,368th place)

typematrix.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

zuttobenkyou.wordpress.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982^nd place; English: 2,975^th place)

docs.google.com (Global: 877^th place; English: 850^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

espacenet.com (Global: 950^th place; English: 813^th place)

github.com (Global: 380^th place; English: 337^th place)

gsmarena.com (Global: 1,186^th place; English: 911^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

kyoto-u.ac.jp (Global: 2,808^th place; English: 4,826^th place)

microsoft.com (Global: 263^rd place; English: 259^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 663^rd place; English: 431^st place)

straightdope.com (Global: 5,132^nd place; English: 4,368^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)