Qira'at (English Wikipedia)

BISMIKA ALLAHUMA TEAM (9 October 2005). "The Ahruf Of The Qur'aan". BISMIKA ALLAHUMA Muslim Responses to Anti-Islam Polemics. Retrieved 6 July 2020.

books.google.com

Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. Marshall Cavendish. 2010. ISBN 978-0-7614-7926-0.
Kahteran, Nevad (2006). "Hafiz/Tahfiz/Hifz/Muhaffiz". In Leaman, Oliver (ed.). The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 233. ISBN 9780415326391. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
Younes, Munther (2019). Charging Steeds or Maidens Performing Good Deeds: In Search of the Original Qur'an. Routledge. p. 3. ISBN 9781351055000. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
Shady Hekmat Nasser, Ibn Mujahid and the Canonization of the Seven Readings, p. 129. Taken from The Transmission of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an: The Problem of Tawaatur and the Emergence of Shawaadhdh. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2012. ISBN 9789004240810
The Koran, Commonly Called the Alkoran of Mohammed. Alden. 1891. p. 45. OCLC 123305441.
Jeffery, Arthur (1937). Materials for the History of the Text of the Quran: The Old Codices. Leiden: Brill.
Mattson, Ingrid (2013). The Story of the Qur'an: Its History and Place in Muslim Life. John Wiley & Sons. p. 129. ISBN 9780470673492. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
While the difference cannot always be rendered with screen fonts, in order to comply with the Uthmanic rasm, the readings of Warsh an Nafi and of Abu 'Amr were written using a superscript ya over the alif, or by a red line between the lam-alif and ha to indicate that hamza should not be pronounced, or by writing a ya in coloured ink. See the discussions in Puin, Gerd, R. (2011). "Vowel letters and orth-epic writing in the Qur'an". In Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.). New Perspectives on the Qur'an: The Qur'an in Its Historical Context 2. Routledge. p. 176. ISBN 9781136700781.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) and p.15 in Dutton, Yasin (2000). "Red Dots, Green Dots, Yellow Dots and Blue: Some Reflections on the Vocalisation of Early Qur'anic Manuscripts (Part II)". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 2 (1): 1–24. doi:10.3366/jqs.2000.2.1.1. JSTOR 25727969. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
Dundes, Fables of the Ancients?, 2003: p.45-46 Dundes, Alan (2003). Fables of the Ancients?: Folklore in the Qur'an. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780585466774. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
al Imam, Ahmad 'Ali (2006). Variant Readings of the Quran: A critical study of their historical and linguistic origins. Virginia, USA: Institute of Islamic Thought. pp. 42–43. ISBN 9781565644205.

brill.com

Appendix Comprehensive Table of Quranic Variants in Nasser, Shady, H. (2020). The Second Canonization of the Qurʾān (324/936). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004401976.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
van Putten, Quranic Arabic, 2022: p.52-55 van Putten, Marijn (2022). Quranic Arabic: from its Hijazi Beginnings to its Classical reading traditions. Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004506251.
van Putten, Quranic Arabic, 2022: p.184. For further detail, see chapter 7 which covers the lack of 'i'rab and tanwin in the QCT dialect. He also notes on pp. 100-101 ff. the work of al-Jallad on the Damascus Psalm fragment, which shows no signs of 'i'rab or tanwin, further supporting the picture of the old Hijazi / QCT dialect. van Putten, Marijn (2022). Quranic Arabic: from its Hijazi Beginnings to its Classical reading traditions. Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004506251.
van Putten, Quranic Arabic, 2022: p.216 van Putten, Marijn (2022). Quranic Arabic: from its Hijazi Beginnings to its Classical reading traditions. Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004506251.
van Putten, Quranic Arabic, 2022: pp.78-79, 96 van Putten, Marijn (2022). Quranic Arabic: from its Hijazi Beginnings to its Classical reading traditions. Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004506251.
van Putten, Quranic Arabic, 2022: p.52-55 van Putten, Marijn (2022). Quranic Arabic: from its Hijazi Beginnings to its Classical reading traditions. Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004506251.

corpuscoranicum.de

"Corpus Coranicum". Corpus Coranicum.de. Corpus Coranicum. Retrieved 12 April 2021.

doi.org

Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 111. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.
Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Relation of the Ten Readings to One Another". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 10 (2): 73–87. doi:10.3366/E1465359109000424. JSTOR 25728289. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 124–126. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.
Harvey, Ramon (2017). "The Legal Epistemology of Qur'anic Variants: The Readings of Ibn Masʿūd in Kufan fiqh and the Ḥanafī madhhab" (PDF). Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 9 (1): 72–101. doi:10.3366/jqs.2017.0268. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
While the difference cannot always be rendered with screen fonts, in order to comply with the Uthmanic rasm, the readings of Warsh an Nafi and of Abu 'Amr were written using a superscript ya over the alif, or by a red line between the lam-alif and ha to indicate that hamza should not be pronounced, or by writing a ya in coloured ink. See the discussions in Puin, Gerd, R. (2011). "Vowel letters and orth-epic writing in the Qur'an". In Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.). New Perspectives on the Qur'an: The Qur'an in Its Historical Context 2. Routledge. p. 176. ISBN 9781136700781.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) and p.15 in Dutton, Yasin (2000). "Red Dots, Green Dots, Yellow Dots and Blue: Some Reflections on the Vocalisation of Early Qur'anic Manuscripts (Part II)". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 2 (1): 1–24. doi:10.3366/jqs.2000.2.1.1. JSTOR 25727969. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
Van Putten, Marijn (2020). "Hišām's ʾIbrāhām : Evidence for a Canonical Quranic Reading Based on the Rasm". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 30 (2): 251. doi:10.1017/S1356186320000218. Retrieved 17 April 2021. (pp.13-15 of the linked open access pdf)

files.wordpress.com

ramonharvey.files.wordpress.com

Harvey, Ramon (2017). "The Legal Epistemology of Qur'anic Variants: The Readings of Ibn Masʿūd in Kufan fiqh and the Ḥanafī madhhab" (PDF). Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 9 (1): 72–101. doi:10.3366/jqs.2017.0268. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

gla.ac.uk

theses.gla.ac.uk

Abu Fayyad, Fawzi Ibrahim (1989). The Seven Readings of the Qur'an: A Critical Study of Their Linguistic Differences (PhD). University of Glasgow. Retrieved 11 February 2021.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 111. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.
Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 124–126. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.

idealmuslimah.com

"Basic Introduction to the 10 Recitations and 7 Ahruf". Ideal Muslimah. Retrieved 15 March 2021.

iium.edu.my

Bewley, Aisha. "The Seven Qira'at of the Qur'an". International Islamic University of Malaysia. Retrieved 30 March 2020.

islamweb.net

"Popularity of the recitation of Hafs from 'Aasim. Fatwa No: 118960". Islamweb. 9 March 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

jstor.org

Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 111. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.
Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Relation of the Ten Readings to One Another". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 10 (2): 73–87. doi:10.3366/E1465359109000424. JSTOR 25728289. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 124–126. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.
While the difference cannot always be rendered with screen fonts, in order to comply with the Uthmanic rasm, the readings of Warsh an Nafi and of Abu 'Amr were written using a superscript ya over the alif, or by a red line between the lam-alif and ha to indicate that hamza should not be pronounced, or by writing a ya in coloured ink. See the discussions in Puin, Gerd, R. (2011). "Vowel letters and orth-epic writing in the Qur'an". In Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.). New Perspectives on the Qur'an: The Qur'an in Its Historical Context 2. Routledge. p. 176. ISBN 9781136700781.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) and p.15 in Dutton, Yasin (2000). "Red Dots, Green Dots, Yellow Dots and Blue: Some Reflections on the Vocalisation of Early Qur'anic Manuscripts (Part II)". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 2 (1): 1–24. doi:10.3366/jqs.2000.2.1.1. JSTOR 25727969. Retrieved 11 February 2021.

muslimprophets.com

"Quran - Comparing Hafs & Warsh for 51 textual variants". Muslim prophets. Retrieved 29 October 2020.

myarkview.org

el-Masry, Shadee. The Science of Tajwid. Safina Society. p. 8. Retrieved 30 March 2020.

newenglishreview.org

cited in Ibn Warraq (February 2008). "Which Koran?". New English Review. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
A. Rippin. Muslims, Their Religious Beliefs and Practices London: Routledge, 2nd Edition 2001, pp.30-31; cited in Ibn Warraq (February 2008). "Which Koran?". New English Review. Retrieved 19 March 2021.

nquran.com

"Comparing verses to narrations". nquran.com.

onlinequranteachers.com

"What is Tajweed?". Online Quran Teachers. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
"Ijazah in Ash-Shatibiyyah". Online Quran Teachers.

oxfordislamicstudies.com

"Lawh Mahfuz". Oxford Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
"Qurʿān". Oxford Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2020.

questia.com

Okváth, Csaba (Winter 2014). "Ibn Mujahid and Canonical Recitations". Islamic Sciences. 12 (2). Retrieved 22 July 2020.

quranelearning.com

"Qiraat". Quran eLearning. Retrieved 15 July 2020.

quranflash.com

app.quranflash.com

most of the varieties are not commonly used but can be found on pdf with English translation at quranflash.com -- https://app.quranflash.com/?en

renaissance.com.pk

Javed Ahmad Ghamidi. Mizan, Principles of Understanding the Qu'ran Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Al-Mawrid

researchgate.net

Van Putten, Marijn (2020). "Hišām's ʾIbrāhām : Evidence for a Canonical Quranic Reading Based on the Rasm". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 30 (2): 251. doi:10.1017/S1356186320000218. Retrieved 17 April 2021. (pp.13-15 of the linked open access pdf)

scientificsentence.net

Ajaja, Abdurrazzak. "القراءات : The readings".

scribd.com

Bell, R.; Watt, W. M. (1977). Introduction to the Quran. Edinburgh. p. 66.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 111. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.
Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 124–126. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.

studyquran.org

Lane, William Edward (1968) [orig. pub. 1877]. An Arabic-English Lexicon (PDF). Librairie du Liban. p. 1379. Retrieved 12 April 2021.

twitter.com

Marijn "i before j" van Putten (27 May 2020). "Replying to @PhDniX". Twitter. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
Dr Marijn Van Putten (18 January 2020). "Twitter.com". Archived from the original on 19 January 2020.

virtualave.net

bewley.virtualave.net

"Seven Qira'at (Page 1)". bewley.virtualave.net.

web.archive.org

"Lawh Mahfuz". Oxford Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
Javed Ahmad Ghamidi. Mizan, Principles of Understanding the Qu'ran Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Al-Mawrid
Dr Marijn Van Putten (18 January 2020). "Twitter.com". Archived from the original on 19 January 2020.
"Qurʿān". Oxford Islamic Studies. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 30 March 2020.

worldcat.org

The Koran, Commonly Called the Alkoran of Mohammed. Alden. 1891. p. 45. OCLC 123305441.

yaqeeninstitute.org

Khatib, Ammar; Khan, Nazir (23 August 2019). "The Origins of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an". Yaqueen Institute. Retrieved 21 July 2020.

youtube.com

Yasir Qadhi (8 June 2020). "In the Hot Seat: Muḥammad Hijāb Interviews Dr. Yasir Qadhi" (Interview). Interviewed by Muḥammad Hijāb. Event occurs at 1h21m45s. Retrieved 19 July 2020. every single student of knowledge knows who studies ulm of Quran that the most difficult topics are ahruf and qira'at and the concept of ahruf and the reality of ahruf and the relationship of …… mushaf and the ahruf and the preservation of ahruf, is it one? is it three? is it seven? and the relationship of the qira'at to the ahruf ...
In the Hot Seat: Muḥammad Hijāb Interviews Dr. Yasir Qadhi. YouTube, Yasir Qadhi, 8 June 2020, video at 1h24m17s
In the Hot Seat: Muḥammad Hijāb Interviews Dr. Yasir Qadhi. YouTube, Yasir Qadhi, 8 June 2020, video at 1h29m29s
In the Hot Seat: Muḥammad Hijāb Interviews Dr. Yasir Qadhi. YouTube, Yasir Qadhi, 8 June 2020, video at 1h22m21s

zenodo.org

Bursi, Adam (2018). "Connecting the Dots: Diacritics Scribal Culture, and the Quran". Journal of the International Qur'anic Studies Association. 3: 111. doi:10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. hdl:1874/389663. JSTOR 10.5913/jiqsa.3.2018.a005. S2CID 216776083.