Quipu (English Wikipedia)

Pärssinen, Martti (1992). Tawantinsuyu: The Inca State and Its Political Organization. SHS. pp. 26–51. ISBN 978-951-8915-62-4.
Medrano, Manuel (2021-10-11). Quipus: Mil años de historia anudada en los Andes y su futuro digital (in Spanish). Planeta Perú. ISBN 978-612-319-672-1.
Quipu, page 99: " [...] one can use the phrase chieh sheng chi shih, which means 'the memorandum or record of knotted cords,' to refer to how Chinese writing evolved before characters were invented."
Goetzfridt, Nicholas J. (20 September 2007). "Polynesia". Pacific Ethnomathematics: A Bibliographic Study. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780824874643. [Elsdon] Best focuses on the use of knots (or quipus - a word he says originates from Peru, where knots were used similarly to Aotearoa/New Zealand, Hawaiʻi, and other parts of the Pacific) for tallying accounts, quantities of food, and conveying messages.
Locke, Leslie Leland (1923). The Ancient Quipu Or Peruvian Knot Record. American Museum of Natural History.

cambridge.org

Urton, Gary (2014). "From Middle Horizon cord-keeping to the rise of Inka khipus in the central Andes". Antiquity. 88 (339): 205–221. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00050316. ISSN 0003-598X.
Medrano, Manuel; Khosla, Ashok (2024-05-06). "How Can Data Science Contribute to Understanding the Khipu Code?". Latin American Antiquity: 1–20. doi:10.1017/laq.2024.5. ISSN 1045-6635.
Pizarro, Hernando (2010), Markham, Clements R. (ed.), "Letter of Hernando Pizarro", Reports on the Discovery of Peru, Cambridge Library Collection - Hakluyt First Series, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 113–128, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511697081.005, ISBN 978-0-511-69708-1, retrieved 2024-12-30

canada.ca

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charlesmann.org

Mann, Charles (2005). "Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364. "proto-quipu" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2009-12-24.

conservationregister.com

"Care and conservation of costume and textiles". Conservation Register. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25.

discovermagazine.com

Alex, Bridget (4 January 2019). "The Inka Empire Recorded Their World In Knotted Cords Called Khipu". Discover.

doi.org

Conklin, William J (1982). "The Information System of Middle Horizon Quipus". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 385 (1): 261–281. Bibcode:1982NYASA.385..261C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb34269.x. ISSN 1749-6632.
Urton, Gary (2014). "From Middle Horizon cord-keeping to the rise of Inka khipus in the central Andes". Antiquity. 88 (339): 205–221. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00050316. ISSN 0003-598X.
Benson, E. (1975). "The Quipu: "Written" Texts in Ancient Peru". The Princeton University Library Chronicle. 37 (1): 11–23. doi:10.2307/26403946. JSTOR 26403946.
Medrano, Manuel; Urton, Gary (1 January 2018). "Toward the Decipherment of a Set of Mid-Colonial Khipus from the Santa Valley, Coastal Peru". Ethnohistory. 65 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1215/00141801-4260638.
FitzPatrick, Mackinley (2024-10-01). "New Insights on Cord Attachment and Social Hierarchy in Six Khipus from the Santa Valley, Peru". Ethnohistory. 71 (4): 443–469. doi:10.1215/00141801-11266328. ISSN 0014-1801.
Locke, L. Leland (1912). "The Ancient Quipu, a Peruvian Knot Record". American Anthropologist. 14 (2): 325–332. doi:10.1525/aa.1912.14.2.02a00070. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 659935.
Medrano, Manuel; Khosla, Ashok (2024-05-06). "How Can Data Science Contribute to Understanding the Khipu Code?". Latin American Antiquity: 1–20. doi:10.1017/laq.2024.5. ISSN 1045-6635.
Urton, Gary; Brezine, Carrie J. (12 August 2005). "Khipu Accounting in Ancient Peru". Science. 309 (5737): 1065–1067. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1065U. doi:10.1126/science.1113426. PMID 16099983. S2CID 40704823.
Beynon-Davies, P (2009). "Significant threads: the nature of data". International Journal of Information Management. 29 (3): 170–188. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2008.12.003.
Laurencich-Minelli, Laura (28 March 1998). "Historia et Rudimenta Linguae Piruanorum ¿un estorbo o un acontecimiento?". Anthropologica del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish). 16 (16): 349–367. doi:10.18800/anthropologica.199801.015. ISSN 2224-6428. S2CID 161645381.
Shady, Ruth (2006-03-30). "La civilización Caral: sistema social y manejo del territorio y sus recursos. Su trascendencia en el proceso cultural andino". Boletín de Arqueología PUCP (10): 59–89. doi:10.18800/boletindearqueologiapucp.200601.004. ISSN 2304-4292.
Mann, C. C. (12 August 2005). "ARCHAEOLOGY: Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364.
Cherkinsky, Alexander; Urton, Gary (2014-01-21). "Radiocarbon chronology of Andean khipus". Open Journal of Archaeometry. 2 (1). doi:10.4081/arc.2014.5260. ISSN 2038-1956.
Pizarro, Hernando (2010), Markham, Clements R. (ed.), "Letter of Hernando Pizarro", Reports on the Discovery of Peru, Cambridge Library Collection - Hakluyt First Series, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 113–128, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511697081.005, ISBN 978-0-511-69708-1, retrieved 2024-12-30
Hyland, Sabine; Lee, Christine (2021-08-01). "Indigenous Record Keeping and Hacienda Culture in the Andes: Modern Khipu Accounting on the Island of the Sun, Bolivia". Hispanic American Historical Review. 101 (3): 409–432. doi:10.1215/00182168-9051807. hdl:10023/24169. ISSN 0018-2168.
Thompson, Karen M. (2024). "A Numerical Connection Between Two Khipus". Ñawpa Pacha. 0: 1–22. doi:10.1080/00776297.2024.2411789. ISSN 0077-6297.
Piechota, Dennis (1978). "Storage Containerization Archaeological Textile Collections". Journal of the American Institute for Conservation. 18 (1): 10–18. doi:10.2307/3179387. JSTOR 3179387.
Mann, Charles (2005). "Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364. "proto-quipu" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2009-12-24.

dukeupress.edu

read.dukeupress.edu

FitzPatrick, Mackinley (2024-10-01). "New Insights on Cord Attachment and Social Hierarchy in Six Khipus from the Santa Valley, Peru". Ethnohistory. 71 (4): 443–469. doi:10.1215/00141801-11266328. ISSN 0014-1801.
Hyland, Sabine; Lee, Christine (2021-08-01). "Indigenous Record Keeping and Hacienda Culture in the Andes: Modern Khipu Accounting on the Island of the Sun, Bolivia". Hispanic American Historical Review. 101 (3): 409–432. doi:10.1215/00182168-9051807. hdl:10023/24169. ISSN 0018-2168.

fulcrum.org

Ascher, Marcia (1981). Code of the quipu: a study in media, mathematics, and culture. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-09325-0.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Hyland, Sabine; Lee, Christine (2021-08-01). "Indigenous Record Keeping and Hacienda Culture in the Andes: Modern Khipu Accounting on the Island of the Sun, Bolivia". Hispanic American Historical Review. 101 (3): 409–432. doi:10.1215/00182168-9051807. hdl:10023/24169. ISSN 0018-2168.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Conklin, William J (1982). "The Information System of Middle Horizon Quipus". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 385 (1): 261–281. Bibcode:1982NYASA.385..261C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb34269.x. ISSN 1749-6632.
Urton, Gary; Brezine, Carrie J. (12 August 2005). "Khipu Accounting in Ancient Peru". Science. 309 (5737): 1065–1067. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1065U. doi:10.1126/science.1113426. PMID 16099983. S2CID 40704823.

news.harvard.edu

Radsken, Jill (25 August 2017). "A student mines voices from the Incan past". Harvard Gazette.

khipukamayuq.fas.harvard.edu

"Khipu Database Project". Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2007-06-15.

jstor.org

Benson, E. (1975). "The Quipu: "Written" Texts in Ancient Peru". The Princeton University Library Chronicle. 37 (1): 11–23. doi:10.2307/26403946. JSTOR 26403946.
Salomon, Frank (2013). "The Twisting Paths of Recall: Khipu (Andean cord notation) as artifact". Writing as Material Practice. Ubiquity Press. pp. 15–44. ISBN 9781909188242. JSTOR j.ctv3t5r28.7.
Locke, L. Leland (1912). "The Ancient Quipu, a Peruvian Knot Record". American Anthropologist. 14 (2): 325–332. doi:10.1525/aa.1912.14.2.02a00070. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 659935.
Piechota, Dennis (1978). "Storage Containerization Archaeological Textile Collections". Journal of the American Institute for Conservation. 18 (1): 10–18. doi:10.2307/3179387. JSTOR 3179387.

kuprienko.info

"Fernando Murillo de la Serda. Carta sobre los caracteres, 1589". 10 June 2009. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012.
Letter from Hernando Pizarro to the Royal Audience of Santo Domingo, November 1533

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Urton, Gary; Brezine, Carrie J. (12 August 2005). "Khipu Accounting in Ancient Peru". Science. 309 (5737): 1065–1067. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1065U. doi:10.1126/science.1113426. PMID 16099983. S2CID 40704823.
Mann, C. C. (12 August 2005). "ARCHAEOLOGY: Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364.
Mann, Charles (2005). "Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364. "proto-quipu" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2009-12-24.

nytimes.com

Neuman, William (January 2, 2016). "Untangling an Accounting Tool and an Ancient Inca Mystery". New York Times. Retrieved January 8, 2016.

oed.com

"quipu". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

pagepress.org

Cherkinsky, Alexander; Urton, Gary (2014-01-21). "Radiocarbon chronology of Andean khipus". Open Journal of Archaeometry. 2 (1). doi:10.4081/arc.2014.5260. ISSN 2038-1956.

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Shady, Ruth (2006-03-30). "La civilización Caral: sistema social y manejo del territorio y sus recursos. Su trascendencia en el proceso cultural andino". Boletín de Arqueología PUCP (10): 59–89. doi:10.18800/boletindearqueologiapucp.200601.004. ISSN 2304-4292.

redalyc.org

Saez-Rodríguez, Alberto (2012). "An Ethnomathematics Exercise for Analyzing a Khipu Sample from Pachacamac (Perú)". Revista Latinoamericana de Etnomatemática. 5 (1): 62–88.

scientificamerican.com

Hyland, Sabine (11 November 2017). "Unraveling an Ancient Code Written in Strings". Scientific American.

semanticscholar.org

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Urton, Gary; Brezine, Carrie J. (12 August 2005). "Khipu Accounting in Ancient Peru". Science. 309 (5737): 1065–1067. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1065U. doi:10.1126/science.1113426. PMID 16099983. S2CID 40704823.
Laurencich-Minelli, Laura (28 March 1998). "Historia et Rudimenta Linguae Piruanorum ¿un estorbo o un acontecimiento?". Anthropologica del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish). 16 (16): 349–367. doi:10.18800/anthropologica.199801.015. ISSN 2224-6428. S2CID 161645381.
Mann, C. C. (12 August 2005). "ARCHAEOLOGY: Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364.
Mann, Charles (2005). "Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364. "proto-quipu" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2009-12-24.

slate.com

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平成29年度琉球大学附属図書館・琉球大学博物館（風樹館）企画展石垣市制施行70周年記念企画展. www.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.

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平成29年度琉球大学附属図書館・琉球大学博物館（風樹館）企画展石垣市制施行70周年記念企画展. www.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2021-06-04. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
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Mann, Charles (2005). "Unraveling Khipu's Secrets". Science. 309 (5737): 1008–1009. doi:10.1126/science.309.5737.1008. PMID 16099962. S2CID 161448364. "proto-quipu" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2009-12-24.

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Conklin, William J (1982). "The Information System of Middle Horizon Quipus". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 385 (1): 261–281. Bibcode:1982NYASA.385..261C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb34269.x. ISSN 1749-6632.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Conklin, William J (1982). "The Information System of Middle Horizon Quipus". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 385 (1): 261–281. Bibcode:1982NYASA.385..261C. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb34269.x. ISSN 1749-6632.
Urton, Gary (2014). "From Middle Horizon cord-keeping to the rise of Inka khipus in the central Andes". Antiquity. 88 (339): 205–221. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00050316. ISSN 0003-598X.
Urton 2003. p. 1. Urton, Gary (2003). Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-78539-7. OCLC 50323023.
Urton 2003. pp. 1–2. Urton, Gary (2003). Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-78539-7. OCLC 50323023.
FitzPatrick, Mackinley (2024-10-01). "New Insights on Cord Attachment and Social Hierarchy in Six Khipus from the Santa Valley, Peru". Ethnohistory. 71 (4): 443–469. doi:10.1215/00141801-11266328. ISSN 0014-1801.
Urton 2003. Urton, Gary (2003). Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-78539-7. OCLC 50323023.
Locke, L. Leland (1912). "The Ancient Quipu, a Peruvian Knot Record". American Anthropologist. 14 (2): 325–332. doi:10.1525/aa.1912.14.2.02a00070. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 659935.
Medrano, Manuel; Khosla, Ashok (2024-05-06). "How Can Data Science Contribute to Understanding the Khipu Code?". Latin American Antiquity: 1–20. doi:10.1017/laq.2024.5. ISSN 1045-6635.
Laurencich-Minelli, Laura (28 March 1998). "Historia et Rudimenta Linguae Piruanorum ¿un estorbo o un acontecimiento?". Anthropologica del Departamento de Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish). 16 (16): 349–367. doi:10.18800/anthropologica.199801.015. ISSN 2224-6428. S2CID 161645381.
Shady, Ruth (2006-03-30). "La civilización Caral: sistema social y manejo del territorio y sus recursos. Su trascendencia en el proceso cultural andino". Boletín de Arqueología PUCP (10): 59–89. doi:10.18800/boletindearqueologiapucp.200601.004. ISSN 2304-4292.
Cherkinsky, Alexander; Urton, Gary (2014-01-21). "Radiocarbon chronology of Andean khipus". Open Journal of Archaeometry. 2 (1). doi:10.4081/arc.2014.5260. ISSN 2038-1956.
Urton 2003. p. 3. Urton, Gary (2003). Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-78539-7. OCLC 50323023.
Peters and Salomon 2006/2007. p. 41. Peters, Renata; Salomon, Frank (2006–2007). "Patrimony and partnership: conserving the khipu legacy of Rapaz, Peru". Archaeology International. London: UCL Institute of Archaeology. pp. 41–44. ISSN 1463-1725.
Peters and Salomon 2006/2007. pp. 41–44. Peters, Renata; Salomon, Frank (2006–2007). "Patrimony and partnership: conserving the khipu legacy of Rapaz, Peru". Archaeology International. London: UCL Institute of Archaeology. pp. 41–44. ISSN 1463-1725.
Urton 2003. p. 2. Urton, Gary (2003). Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-78539-7. OCLC 50323023.
Bingham, Hiram (1948). Lost City of the Incas, The Story of Machu Picchu and its Builders. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce. OCLC 486224.
Hyland, Sabine; Lee, Christine (2021-08-01). "Indigenous Record Keeping and Hacienda Culture in the Andes: Modern Khipu Accounting on the Island of the Sun, Bolivia". Hispanic American Historical Review. 101 (3): 409–432. doi:10.1215/00182168-9051807. hdl:10023/24169. ISSN 0018-2168.
Thompson, Karen M. (2024). "A Numerical Connection Between Two Khipus". Ñawpa Pacha. 0: 1–22. doi:10.1080/00776297.2024.2411789. ISSN 0077-6297.

youtube.com

Visual Interactions in Early Writing Systems (2024-10-17). Sabine Hyland: Human figures as visual signs in khipus. Retrieved 2025-01-12 – via YouTube.