RT (TV network) (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "RT (TV network)" in English language version.
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9to5mac.com
- Mayo, Benjamin (1 March 2022). "Apple shares statement on Russian invasion of Ukraine, company pauses all product sales and pulls RT News and Sputnik News apps from App Store". 9to5Mac. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
abc.net.au
- Purtill, James (25 February 2022). "Anonymous takes down Kremlin, Russian-controlled media site in cyber attacks". ABC News. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
adamvstheman.com
- RT America Launches New Show, Hosted by Former US Marine, Adam Kokesh, press release on Adam vs The Man web site, 4 April 2011.
- "Final Episode: East Coast Quake, Libya Rebellion, You The Viewer, Teachers & Social Media, Net Neutrality, Media Blackout on Ron Paul?". RT. 25 August 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2011.
algemeiner.com
- "Russia Today Continues its Anti-Israel Propaganda, Going Even Further Than Arab TV". the algemeiner. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- Lakkana Nanayakkara (22 November 2012). "Russia Today Continues its Anti-Israel Propaganda, Going Even Further Than Arab TV". The Algemeiner. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
aljazeera.com
- Sousa, Ann De (26 January 2012). "News channel or propaganda tool?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
archive.today
- ""Нет никакой объективности"" [There is no objectivity]. Kommersant (in Russian). 7 April 2012. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
Сейчас ни с кем не воюем. А вот в 2008 году воевали. Министерство обороны воевало с Грузией, а информационную войну вели мы, причем со всем западным миром. Ну невозможно только начинать делать оружие, когда война уже началась! Поэтому Министерство обороны сейчас ни с кем не воюет, но готово к обороне. Так и мы.
[Currently we are not at war with anyone. But in 2008 – we were. The Ministry of Defence was at war with Georgia, and we were waging an information war, and with the entire Western world. Well, it's impossible just to start making weapons when the war has already begun! Therefore, the Ministry of Defence is now not at war with anyone, but is ready for defense. So are we.]
arstechnica.com
- Brodkin, Jon (1 March 2022). "YouTube blocks RT and Sputnik as Russia tells media not to say "invasion"". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
barb.co.uk
- BARB Q3 2015 viewing figures "BARB Quarterly Reach Report- Quarter 3 2015" Archived 29 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine, BARB. Retrieved 23 January 2016
- "Monthly viewing summary". barb.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
bbc.co.uk
- "RT editor Simonyan to head Kremlin-backed news agency". BBC News. 31 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
- Stephen Ennis (16 September 2015). "Russia in 'information war' with West to win hearts and minds". BBC. Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
- Ennis, Stephen (4 November 2014). "Kremlin's UK TV fails to match ambitions". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
- Ennis, Stephen (16 November 2014). "Russia's global media operation under the spotlight". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- "John McDonnell urges Labour MPs to stop appearing on Russia Today". BBC News. 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- "Russian news channel RT broke TV impartiality rules, Ofcom says". BBC News Online. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
bbc.com
- Pisnia, Natalka (15 November 2017). "Why has RT registered as a foreign agent with the US?". BBC News. Washington. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
- "Ukraine hits back at Russian TV onslaught". BBC. 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- "UK regulator Ofcom backs BBC in Russian TV case". BBC News. 21 September 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
- "RT: Russian-backed TV news channel disappears from UK screens". BBC News. 3 March 2022. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
- Bugorkova, Olga (28 September 2016). "Катастрофа MH17: как менялись версии российских СМИ" [Disaster of MH17: how the versions of the Russian media changed]. BBC Russian Service (in Russian). Archived from the original on 29 September 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- "Twitter bans RT and Sputnik ads amid election interference fears", BBC News, 26 October 2017, retrieved 4 November 2017
- "Google to 'derank' Russia Today and Sputnik", BBC News, 21 November 2017, retrieved 22 November 2017
- "Russia's RT banned from UK media freedom conference", BBC News, 9 July 2019, retrieved 26 August 2019
- "Ofcom fines Russian news service £200,000 over impartiality". BBC News. 26 July 2019. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
- "Russia threatens YouTube ban for deleting RT channels". BBC News. 29 September 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- "Alex Salmond suspends RT show over Ukraine invasion". BBC News. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
belfercenter.org
- Cohen, Howard (May 2018). "Tech Tock...: Time is Running Out to Find Solutions to Mis- and Disinformation and Privacy Problems". Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Harvard University: Harvard Kennedy School. pp. 17–18. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
Ruptly is a news agency created by Russian funded news channel RT in 2013 to rival Reuters and AP. [...] Finally, it is very transparent about following the same agenda as RT: "Ruptly builds on and extends the core strengths and values of our parent company RT."
bloomberg.com
- Bodoni, Stephanie (30 March 2022). "Kremlin-Backed RT Loses Court Bid to Suspend EU Sanctions". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024.
- Bodoni, Stephanie (27 July 2022). "RT Loses Court Fight Over EU Ban Following Ukraine Invasion". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023.
books.google.com
- Sloss, David L. (12 April 2022). Tyrants on Twitter: Protecting Democracies from Information Warfare. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-1-5036-3115-1. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2022 – via Google Books.
Ruptly, a subsidiary of RT that specializes in video, has 230,000 likes on Facebook, 52,000 Twitter followers, and 304,000 YouTube subscribers in the UK.
- Langdon, Kate C.; Tismaneanu, Vladimir (9 July 2019). "Russian Foreign Policy: Freedom for Whom, to Do What?". Putin's Totalitarian Democracy: Ideology, Myth, and Violence in the Twenty-First Century. Springer International. pp. 189–224. ISBN 978-3-030-20579-9. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via Google Books.
Soviet-born British journalist Peter Pomerantsev documented the typical newsroom antics in one of Russia's largest propaganda outlets, RT News (formerly known as Russia Today). When his acquaintance composed a piece that referenced the Soviet Union's occupation of Estonia in 1945, the writer was chewed out by his boss, who maintained the belief that Russians saved Estonia. Any other descriptions of the events of 1945 were unacceptable assaults on Russia's integrity, apparently, so the boss demanded that he amend his text.
- Karlsen, Geir Hågen (5 August 2016). "Tools of Russian Influence: Information and Propaganda". In Matláry, Janne Haaland; Heier, Tormod (eds.). Ukraine and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 199. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32530-9_9. ISBN 978-3-319-32530-9. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2022 – via Google Books.
The propaganda apparatus proper consists of four means: media, social media, political communication and diplomacy, and covert active measures, all tied together in a coordinated manner. The main international media channel is the RT broadcaster and website, formerly known as Russia Today. It is complemented by Sputnik radio and website, news and video agencies, and the Russia Beyond the Headlines news supplement, making up a news conglomerate operating in almost 40 languages.
- Byford, Jovan (2011). "Introduction". Conspiracy Theories: A Critical Introduction. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 9–10. doi:10.1057/9780230349216. ISBN 978-1-349-32350-0. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via Google Books.
The channel has provided the likes of Alex Jones, Webster Tarpley, David Ray Griffin and Jim Marrs with the opportunity to promote, to an international audience, their ideas about the New World Order, 9/11, the Bilderberg group or the climate change conspiracy, all while being treated with absolute deference by the channel's journalists. Embedded video clips of appearances on Russia Today have become a regular feature on the websites of American conspiracy theorists, where they are brandished as a sign of credibility and mainstream recognition.
- Dukalskis, Alexander (2021). Making the World Safe for Dictatorship. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-752014-7. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
- Van Herpen, Marcel H. (1 October 2015). Putin's Propaganda Machine: Soft Power and Russian Foreign Policy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 73. ISBN 978-1442253612. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
britannica.com
- Tikkanen, Amy (10 September 2019). "List of national security advisors of the United States". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
broadbandtvnews.com
- Chris Dziadul (8 April 2015). "RT tightens its belt". Broadband TV News. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
bu.edu
- Denton, Allison (16 April 2019). "Fake News: The Legality of the Russian 2016 Facebook Influence Campaign" (PDF). Boston University International Law Journal. 37. Boston University School of Law: 209. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
Additionally, the U.S. is not the only country that has been targeted by Russian influence campaigns. Russia has been accused of conducting another influence campaign prior to the 2017 French election between Marine Le Pen (Russia's pick) and Emmanuel Macron. Before the election, Kremlin-controlled news sources Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik reported that Macron was secretly gay, and that he was backed by a "very rich gay lobby."
businessinsider.co.id
- Szoldra, Paul (18 July 2014). "Here's The Ridiculous Way Russia's Propaganda Channel Is Covering The Malaysia Airlines Crash". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014.
businessinsider.com
- LoGiurato, Brett (30 April 2014). "Russia's Propaganda Channel Just Got A Journalism Lesson From The US State Department". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- Logiurato (29 April 2014), "Russia's Propaganda Channel Just Got A Journalism Lesson From The US State Department", Business Insider
businessinsider.com.au
- Ma, Alexandra (18 February 2019). "Russia's RT attacks Facebook for suspending 4 viral news channels that broadcast Kremlin talking points to millennials". Business Insider Australia. Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
- Logiurato, Brett (26 April 2014), "RT Is Very Upset With John Kerry For Blasting Them As Putin's 'Propaganda Bullhorn'", Business Insider, archived from the original on 4 May 2014, retrieved 4 May 2014
- Szoldra (19 July 2014), Here's The Ridiculous Way Russia's Propaganda Channel Is Covering The Downed Malaysia Airliner, archived from the original on 20 July 2014, retrieved 19 July 2014
buzzfeed.com
- "This Quirky New Viral Video Channel Is Funded By The Russian Government". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
- Smith, Patrick (17 November 2014). "Everything You Need To Know About Russia Today UK". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
- Gray, Rosie (13 March 2014). "How the Truth is Made at Russia Today". BuzzFeed.
buzzfeednews.com
- Gray, Rosie (13 March 2014). "How The Truth Is Made At Russia Today". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- Emerson, Sarah. "Apple Halted Product Sales In Russia And Disabled Apple Maps Features In Ukraine". BuzzFeed News. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
c-span.org
- "Secretary Kerry on Ukraine" (Press release). C-SPAN. 24 April 2014.
canberratimes.com.au
- "SBS suspends Russian state media outlets". The Canberra Times. 25 February 2022.
cbc.ca
- Zimonjic, Peter (16 March 2022). "CRTC bans Russian state-controlled TV channels RT, RT France from Canadian airwaves". CBC News. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- "Rogers, Bell to pull Russian state-controlled channel RT over invasion of Ukraine". CBC News. 28 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- Zimonjic, Peter (16 March 2022). "CRTC bans Russian state-controlled TV channels RT, RT France from Canadian airwaves". CBC News. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
cbsnews.com
- Bicknell, Bob (11 December 2005). "Russian News, English Accent". CBS News. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
- "EU closes airspace to Russian planes, bans Russian media outlets and pledges arms to Ukraine". CBS. 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- Beth Knobel "Russian News, English Accent: New Kremlin Show Spins Russia Westward" Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, CBS News, 12 December 2005
cervantes.es
- "Sagarra Ángel, Josep María de; Soler Herreros, Chimo "El español en la Federación de Rusia: factor determinante en las relaciones con los países hispanohablantes". En: Iberoamérica, trimestral desde Moscú, n. 2 (2014)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 March 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
channelnewsasia.com
- "Russian news channel RT unavailable on StarHub, Singtel due to transmission disruption 'at source'". CNA. Archived from the original on 12 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
chronicle.gi
- "RT broadcasts suspended on Rock as Govt tightens visa rules for Russians". Gibraltar Chronicle. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
cjr.org
- Julia Ioffe (September–October 2010). "What Is Russia Today?". Columbia Journalism Review. Archived from the original on 25 January 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
cnn.com
edition.cnn.com
- O'Sullivan, Donie; Griffin, Drew; Devine, Curt; Shubert, Atika (18 February 2019). "Russia is backing a viral video company aimed at American millennials". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
- Brian Stelter (24 March 2014). "Putin TV in Chaos". CNN.
- Greg Botelho (5 March 2014). "State-funded news anchor Abby Martin: 'What Russia did is wrong'". CNN.
cnn.com
- Darcy, Oliver (4 March 2022). "RT America ceases productions and lays off most of its staff". CNN Business. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
transcripts.cnn.com
- Piers Morgan (5 March 2014). New Cold War?. CNN.
comnews.ru
- "Журнал Стандарт / №09(80) сентябрь 2009Вести с эфирного фронта | ComNews". www.comnews.ru. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
counterhate.com
- "The Toxic Ten: How ten fringe publishers fuel 69% of digital climate change denial". Center for Countering Digital Hate. 2 November 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
cpj.org
- "Russia's RT network says it complied with US order to register as foreign agent". cpj.org. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
csmonitor.com
- Fred Weir, Russia gives WikiLeaks' Julian Assange a TV platform Archived 19 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine, The Christian Science Monitor, 25 January 2012.
- Weir, Fred (8 March 2007). "Russian bid to counter Western criticism". The Christian Science Monitor. Moscow. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
cuni.cz
dl1.cuni.cz
- Hellman, Maria; Wagnsson, Charlotte (3 April 2017). "How can European states respond to Russian information warfare? An analytical framework" (PDF). European Security. 26 (2). Taylor & Francis: 153–170. doi:10.1080/09662839.2017.1294162. S2CID 157635419. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2022 – via Charles University.
democratic-integrity.eu
- "RT in Europe and beyond" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
denverpost.com
- Raphael Satter (17 April 2012). "Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere". The Denver Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013.
digitalspy.co.uk
- Laughlin, Andrew, 14 January 2013 "RT Russian news channel goes HD on Sky" Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Digital Spy. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
doi.org
doi.org
- Haigh, Maria; Haigh, Thomas; Kozak, Nadine I. (26 October 2018). "Stopping Fake News". Journalism Studies. 19 (14). Routledge: 2062–2087. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2017.1316681. ISSN 1461-670X. S2CID 152142122. Retrieved 1 March 2022 – via Taylor & Francis.
- Golovchenko, Yevgeniy; Hartmann, Mareike; Adler-Nissen, Rebecca (1 September 2018). "State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: citizen curators of digital disinformation" (PDF). International Affairs. 94 (5). Oxford University Press: 975–994. doi:10.1093/ia/iiy148. ISSN 0020-5850. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
Particularly in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine that erupted in 2013–2014, the Kremlin has been accused of orchestrating disinformation campaigns against the Ukrainian government and western countries by using online trolls and state-controlled online outlets such as RT (formerly known as Russia Today), Sputnik and Life News.
- Hellman, Maria; Wagnsson, Charlotte (3 April 2017). "How can European states respond to Russian information warfare? An analytical framework" (PDF). European Security. 26 (2). Taylor & Francis: 153–170. doi:10.1080/09662839.2017.1294162. S2CID 157635419. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2022 – via Charles University.
- Al-Rawi, Ahmed (12 February 2021). "How did Russian and Iranian trolls' disinformation toward Canadian issues diverge and converge?". Digital War. 2 (1–3). Palgrave Macmillan: 21–34. doi:10.1057/s42984-020-00029-4. ISSN 2662-1983. S2CID 258704949.
- Nassetta, Jack; Gross, Kimberly (30 October 2020). "State media warning labels can counteract the effects of foreign misinformation". Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. Harvard University: Harvard Kennedy School. doi:10.37016/mr-2020-45. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
However, when it comes to disinformation from state-controlled media sources platforms' options are more limited. Most often channels like Russia's RT and Iran's PressTV do not technically violate a platform's terms of service and so cannot be removed. However, they still play a vital role in the disinformation ecosystem. Not only do they put out disinformation through their websites and social media channels, they are key nodes in coordinated campaigns, as well. For instance, the content originally posted on RT will be reposted down a chain of websites until it appears to be an organic article on an American outlet (Nimmo, 2017).
- Benkler, Yochai; Faris, Rob; Roberts, Hal (October 2018). "Epistemic Crisis". Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 358. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-092362-4. OCLC 1045162158. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
The emphasis on disorientation appears in the literature on modern Russian propaganda, both in inward-focused applications and in its international propaganda outlets, Sputnik and RT (formerly, Russia Today). Here, the purpose is not to convince the audience of any particular truth but instead to make it impossible for people in the society subject to the propagandist's intervention to tell truth from non-truth.
- Karlsen, Geir Hågen (5 August 2016). "Tools of Russian Influence: Information and Propaganda". In Matláry, Janne Haaland; Heier, Tormod (eds.). Ukraine and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 199. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32530-9_9. ISBN 978-3-319-32530-9. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2022 – via Google Books.
The propaganda apparatus proper consists of four means: media, social media, political communication and diplomacy, and covert active measures, all tied together in a coordinated manner. The main international media channel is the RT broadcaster and website, formerly known as Russia Today. It is complemented by Sputnik radio and website, news and video agencies, and the Russia Beyond the Headlines news supplement, making up a news conglomerate operating in almost 40 languages.
- Oates, Sarah; Steiner, Sean (17 December 2018). "Projecting Power: Understanding Russian Strategic Narrative". Russia's Public Foreign Policy Narratives (PDF). 229. Vol. 17. University of Bremen: Research Centre for East European Studies. pp. 2–5. doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000311091. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via ETH Zurich.
The analysis of Russian strategic narrative allows us to understand more clearly the logic in Russian propaganda found on English-language outlets such as RT and more effectively deter Russian information aggression.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - Golovchenko, Yevgeniy (11 December 2020). "Measuring the scope of pro-Kremlin disinformation on Twitter". Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 7 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1057/s41599-020-00659-9. ISSN 2662-9992.
The impact of Russian state-controlled news outlets—which are frequent sources of pro-Kremlin disinformation—is concentrated in one, highly popular news outlet, RT. [...] When it comes to overt reach, the Russian government openly funds English-speaking outlets, such as Sputnik News and RT. These outlets serve as a frequent source of pro-Kremlin disinformation both according to scholars, fact-checkers and Western authorities (BBC, 2019; Elliot, 2019; Thornton, 2015).
- Walker, Christopher (2016). "The Hijacking of "Soft Power"" (PDF). Journal of Democracy. 27 (1). Johns Hopkins University Press: 49–63. doi:10.1353/jod.2016.0007. S2CID 31802016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via National Endowment for Democracy.
State or state-friendly media in Russia – Life News, NTV, Channel One Russia, and Russia 24—disseminate not just the Kremlin's narratives but also outright fakery to domestic audiences and those in the Russian-speaking space. These outlets spread the same stories via social media as well. RT, meanwhile, pushes this manipulated content out to international audiences.
- Yablokov, Ilya (November 2015). "Conspiracy Theories as a Russian Public Diplomacy Tool: The Case of Russia Today (RT)" (PDF). Politics. 35 (3–4). SAGE: 301–315. doi:10.1111/1467-9256.12097. S2CID 142728966. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via University of Montenegro.
Among the conspiratorial ideas that feature in RT's broadcasts, two types are of particular interest: the first includes genuinely American conspiracy theories; and the second includes ideas of conspiracy in relations between the US and Russia. The analysis of these two types of conspiracy theories offers an opportunity to explore how they are employed to undermine US domestic and foreign policies.
- Elswah, Mona; Howard, Philip N (1 October 2020). ""Anything that Causes Chaos": The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT)". Journal of Communication. 70 (5). Oxford University Press: 623–645. doi:10.1093/joc/jqaa027. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
Across our interviews, our respondents agreed that the goals of the channel since 2008 have been and still are as follows. First, to push the idea that Western countries have as many problems as Russia. Second, to encourage conspiracy theories about media institutions in the West in order to discredit and delegitimize them. This is clearly adherent to the channel's "Questions More" slogan. Third, to create controversy and to make people criticize the channel, because it suggests that the channel is important, an approach that would particularly help RT managers get more funding from the government.
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The channel has provided the likes of Alex Jones, Webster Tarpley, David Ray Griffin and Jim Marrs with the opportunity to promote, to an international audience, their ideas about the New World Order, 9/11, the Bilderberg group or the climate change conspiracy, all while being treated with absolute deference by the channel's journalists. Embedded video clips of appearances on Russia Today have become a regular feature on the websites of American conspiracy theorists, where they are brandished as a sign of credibility and mainstream recognition.
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The analysis of Russian strategic narrative allows us to understand more clearly the logic in Russian propaganda found on English-language outlets such as RT and more effectively deter Russian information aggression.
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{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help)
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However, when it comes to disinformation from state-controlled media sources platforms' options are more limited. Most often channels like Russia's RT and Iran's PressTV do not technically violate a platform's terms of service and so cannot be removed. However, they still play a vital role in the disinformation ecosystem. Not only do they put out disinformation through their websites and social media channels, they are key nodes in coordinated campaigns, as well. For instance, the content originally posted on RT will be reposted down a chain of websites until it appears to be an organic article on an American outlet (Nimmo, 2017).
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Notorious examples of fake news masquerading as news can be found in reports broadcast on the U.S. cable news channel Fox News (Schram & Fording, 2018) and the Russian international television network RT (Russia Today; Dowling, 2017). Thus, there are also a number of fake news reports published by traditional media outlets (White, 2017), generating a consequent increase in distrust for traditional journalism (Siddique, 2018).
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Heading off criticism for his choice of partner he added: "There's Julian Assange, enemy combatant, a traitor, getting in to bed with the Kremlin and interviewing terrible radicals from around the world. I think that's a pretty trivial kind of attack. If they actually look at how the show is made: we make it, we have complete editorial control, we believe that all media organisations have an angle, all media organisations have an issue.
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Двух стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly задержали в Минске, сообщил владелец сервиса, телеканал RT.
[Two stringers of the Ruptly video agency were detained in Minsk, the owner of the service, RT TV channel, said.]
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Almost all important media in Russia are state controlled and used to feed Russian audience with Kremlin propaganda. For international propaganda Kremlin uses agencies like RT and Sputnik. Both are available in many language variations and in many countries (Hansen 2017). Aim of this propaganda is to exploit weak spots and controversial topics (in our case migration to the EU) and use them to harm integrity of the West (Pomerantsev and Weiss 2014).
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The real-world repercussions of these objectives are identified through several forms of attack. The first is through disseminating official Russian state propaganda abroad via foreign language news channels as well as Western media. Most notable is the creation of the very successful government-financed international TV news channel, Russia Today (RT).
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Сейчас ни с кем не воюем. А вот в 2008 году воевали. Министерство обороны воевало с Грузией, а информационную войну вели мы, причем со всем западным миром. Ну невозможно только начинать делать оружие, когда война уже началась! Поэтому Министерство обороны сейчас ни с кем не воюет, но готово к обороне. Так и мы.
[Currently we are not at war with anyone. But in 2008 – we were. The Ministry of Defence was at war with Georgia, and we were waging an information war, and with the entire Western world. Well, it's impossible just to start making weapons when the war has already begun! Therefore, the Ministry of Defence is now not at war with anyone, but is ready for defense. So are we.]
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Particularly in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine that erupted in 2013–2014, the Kremlin has been accused of orchestrating disinformation campaigns against the Ukrainian government and western countries by using online trolls and state-controlled online outlets such as RT (formerly known as Russia Today), Sputnik and Life News.
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On July 17 near the village of Rassypnoye over the Torez city in Donetsk region an An-26 transport plane of Ukrainian Air Force was taken down, said the militia. According to them, the plane crashed somewhere near the "Progress" mine, away from residential areas. According to one of the militias, at about 17:30 local time an An-26 flew over the city. It was hit by a rocket, there was an explosion and the plane went to the ground, leaving a black smoke. Debris fell from the sky
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For comparative purposes, we also included two prominent Russian news sites which have featured in European policy discussions around disinformation, namely Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik. These Russian state-backed organisations are clearly different from sites that engage in for-profit fabrication of false news, but both independent fact-checkers and the EU's European External Action Service East Stratcom Task Force have identified multiple instances where these sites have published disinformation.
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State or state-friendly media in Russia – Life News, NTV, Channel One Russia, and Russia 24—disseminate not just the Kremlin's narratives but also outright fakery to domestic audiences and those in the Russian-speaking space. These outlets spread the same stories via social media as well. RT, meanwhile, pushes this manipulated content out to international audiences.
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State or state-friendly media in Russia – Life News, NTV, Channel One Russia, and Russia 24—disseminate not just the Kremlin's narratives but also outright fakery to domestic audiences and those in the Russian-speaking space. These outlets spread the same stories via social media as well. RT, meanwhile, pushes this manipulated content out to international audiences.
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Among the conspiratorial ideas that feature in RT's broadcasts, two types are of particular interest: the first includes genuinely American conspiracy theories; and the second includes ideas of conspiracy in relations between the US and Russia. The analysis of these two types of conspiracy theories offers an opportunity to explore how they are employed to undermine US domestic and foreign policies.
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Nowadays, Russia attacks the Western value of rationality and uses the argument of "the second opinion" or plurality of opinions. The phrase "the second opinion" has even become the slogan of RT. For instance, this propaganda channel used the public opinion's contention as to the nature of the Iraq war, to sell itself as an impartial, objective media outlet in the USA. Overall, Russian propaganda involves a clash of political systems, which is more dangerous than the old-school Soviet propaganda.
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Moscow is looking beyond the short-term, seeking to influence opinion in the long-run to create "an alternative discourse in Western countries as well," says Margarita Simonyan, editor in chief of Kremlin foreign broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, which owns Ruptly.
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The propaganda apparatus proper consists of four means: media, social media, political communication and diplomacy, and covert active measures, all tied together in a coordinated manner. The main international media channel is the RT broadcaster and website, formerly known as Russia Today. It is complemented by Sputnik radio and website, news and video agencies, and the Russia Beyond the Headlines news supplement, making up a news conglomerate operating in almost 40 languages.
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The channel has provided the likes of Alex Jones, Webster Tarpley, David Ray Griffin and Jim Marrs with the opportunity to promote, to an international audience, their ideas about the New World Order, 9/11, the Bilderberg group or the climate change conspiracy, all while being treated with absolute deference by the channel's journalists. Embedded video clips of appearances on Russia Today have become a regular feature on the websites of American conspiracy theorists, where they are brandished as a sign of credibility and mainstream recognition.
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. Despite RT's attempts to market its shows as debates or discussions in which 'all things are considered,' pro-Kremlin statements are rarely questioned... RT listed false reasons justifying Russia's military buildup, including an alleged promise by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to General Secretary Gorbachev to not expand NATO, which Gorbachev said never happened, and the incorrect claim that Ukraine had outlawed the Russian language.
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(subscription required)
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Among the conspiratorial ideas that feature in RT's broadcasts, two types are of particular interest: the first includes genuinely American conspiracy theories; and the second includes ideas of conspiracy in relations between the US and Russia. The analysis of these two types of conspiracy theories offers an opportunity to explore how they are employed to undermine US domestic and foreign policies.
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The emphasis on disorientation appears in the literature on modern Russian propaganda, both in inward-focused applications and in its international propaganda outlets, Sputnik and RT (formerly, Russia Today). Here, the purpose is not to convince the audience of any particular truth but instead to make it impossible for people in the society subject to the propagandist's intervention to tell truth from non-truth.
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Some of these stories originated with RT and Sputnik, state-funded Russian information services that mimic the style and tone of independent news organizations yet sometimes include false and misleading stories in their reports, the researchers say. On other occasions, RT, Sputnik and other Russian sites used social-media accounts to amplify misleading stories already circulating online, causing news algorithms to identify them as "trending" topics that sometimes prompted coverage from mainstream American news organizations.
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Additionally, the U.S. is not the only country that has been targeted by Russian influence campaigns. Russia has been accused of conducting another influence campaign prior to the 2017 French election between Marine Le Pen (Russia's pick) and Emmanuel Macron. Before the election, Kremlin-controlled news sources Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik reported that Macron was secretly gay, and that he was backed by a "very rich gay lobby."
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However, when it comes to disinformation from state-controlled media sources platforms' options are more limited. Most often channels like Russia's RT and Iran's PressTV do not technically violate a platform's terms of service and so cannot be removed. However, they still play a vital role in the disinformation ecosystem. Not only do they put out disinformation through their websites and social media channels, they are key nodes in coordinated campaigns, as well. For instance, the content originally posted on RT will be reposted down a chain of websites until it appears to be an organic article on an American outlet (Nimmo, 2017).
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Ruptly, a subsidiary of RT that specializes in video, has 230,000 likes on Facebook, 52,000 Twitter followers, and 304,000 YouTube subscribers in the UK.
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RT, which owns Ruptly news agency, likes to post its raw footage of world events.
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Ruptly is a news agency created by Russian funded news channel RT in 2013 to rival Reuters and AP. [...] Finally, it is very transparent about following the same agenda as RT: "Ruptly builds on and extends the core strengths and values of our parent company RT."
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Moscow is looking beyond the short-term, seeking to influence opinion in the long-run to create "an alternative discourse in Western countries as well," says Margarita Simonyan, editor in chief of Kremlin foreign broadcaster RT, formerly known as Russia Today, which owns Ruptly.
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Двух стрингеров видеоагентства Ruptly задержали в Минске, сообщил владелец сервиса, телеканал RT.
[Two stringers of the Ruptly video agency were detained in Minsk, the owner of the service, RT TV channel, said.] - Zara, Christopher (11 April 2019). "What is Ruptly? Julian Assange arrest video footage raises eyebrows about RT-owned outlet". Fast Company. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
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The footage captured by Ruptly showed Assange for the first time in about a year, now sporting a long white beard. He could be heard shouting "the UK has no sovereignty" and "the UK must resist this attempt by the Trump administration…" as he was dragged out by five police officers and put into a van.
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The company left out the essential information in its job vacancy advertisements: Ruptly is the subsidiary of the Russian state-funded media company RT, formerly Russia Today. It's located in the same office as RT's German media branch, named RT Deutsch.
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Soviet-born British journalist Peter Pomerantsev documented the typical newsroom antics in one of Russia's largest propaganda outlets, RT News (formerly known as Russia Today). When his acquaintance composed a piece that referenced the Soviet Union's occupation of Estonia in 1945, the writer was chewed out by his boss, who maintained the belief that Russians saved Estonia. Any other descriptions of the events of 1945 were unacceptable assaults on Russia's integrity, apparently, so the boss demanded that he amend his text.
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Nowadays, Russia attacks the Western value of rationality and uses the argument of "the second opinion" or plurality of opinions. The phrase "the second opinion" has even become the slogan of RT. For instance, this propaganda channel used the public opinion's contention as to the nature of the Iraq war, to sell itself as an impartial, objective media outlet in the USA. Overall, Russian propaganda involves a clash of political systems, which is more dangerous than the old-school Soviet propaganda.
- Benkler, Yochai; Faris, Rob; Roberts, Hal (October 2018). "Epistemic Crisis". Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 358. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-092362-4. OCLC 1045162158. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
The emphasis on disorientation appears in the literature on modern Russian propaganda, both in inward-focused applications and in its international propaganda outlets, Sputnik and RT (formerly, Russia Today). Here, the purpose is not to convince the audience of any particular truth but instead to make it impossible for people in the society subject to the propagandist's intervention to tell truth from non-truth.
- Karlsen, Geir Hågen (5 August 2016). "Tools of Russian Influence: Information and Propaganda". In Matláry, Janne Haaland; Heier, Tormod (eds.). Ukraine and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 199. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32530-9_9. ISBN 978-3-319-32530-9. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2022 – via Google Books.
The propaganda apparatus proper consists of four means: media, social media, political communication and diplomacy, and covert active measures, all tied together in a coordinated manner. The main international media channel is the RT broadcaster and website, formerly known as Russia Today. It is complemented by Sputnik radio and website, news and video agencies, and the Russia Beyond the Headlines news supplement, making up a news conglomerate operating in almost 40 languages.
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Almost all important media in Russia are state controlled and used to feed Russian audience with Kremlin propaganda. For international propaganda Kremlin uses agencies like RT and Sputnik. Both are available in many language variations and in many countries (Hansen 2017). Aim of this propaganda is to exploit weak spots and controversial topics (in our case migration to the EU) and use them to harm integrity of the West (Pomerantsev and Weiss 2014).
- Oates, Sarah; Steiner, Sean (17 December 2018). "Projecting Power: Understanding Russian Strategic Narrative". Russia's Public Foreign Policy Narratives (PDF). 229. Vol. 17. University of Bremen: Research Centre for East European Studies. pp. 2–5. doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000311091. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via ETH Zurich.
The analysis of Russian strategic narrative allows us to understand more clearly the logic in Russian propaganda found on English-language outlets such as RT and more effectively deter Russian information aggression.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - Orttung, Robert; Nelson, Elizabeth; Livshen, Anthony (8 December 2015). "Measuring RT's impact on YouTube". Information Warfare (PDF). Vol. 177. University of Bremen: Research Centre for East European Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2021 – via ETH Zurich.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - Ajir, Media; Vailliant, Bethany (Fall 2018). "Russian Information Warfare: Implications for Deterrence Theory". Strategic Studies Quarterly. 12 (3): 70–89. ISSN 1936-1815. JSTOR 26481910. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
The real-world repercussions of these objectives are identified through several forms of attack. The first is through disseminating official Russian state propaganda abroad via foreign language news channels as well as Western media. Most notable is the creation of the very successful government-financed international TV news channel, Russia Today (RT).
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State or state-friendly media in Russia – Life News, NTV, Channel One Russia, and Russia 24—disseminate not just the Kremlin's narratives but also outright fakery to domestic audiences and those in the Russian-speaking space. These outlets spread the same stories via social media as well. RT, meanwhile, pushes this manipulated content out to international audiences.
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For comparative purposes, we also included two prominent Russian news sites which have featured in European policy discussions around disinformation, namely Russia Today (RT) and Sputnik. These Russian state-backed organisations are clearly different from sites that engage in for-profit fabrication of false news, but both independent fact-checkers and the EU's European External Action Service East Stratcom Task Force have identified multiple instances where these sites have published disinformation.
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Notorious examples of fake news masquerading as news can be found in reports broadcast on the U.S. cable news channel Fox News (Schram & Fording, 2018) and the Russian international television network RT (Russia Today; Dowling, 2017). Thus, there are also a number of fake news reports published by traditional media outlets (White, 2017), generating a consequent increase in distrust for traditional journalism (Siddique, 2018).
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Among the conspiratorial ideas that feature in RT's broadcasts, two types are of particular interest: the first includes genuinely American conspiracy theories; and the second includes ideas of conspiracy in relations between the US and Russia. The analysis of these two types of conspiracy theories offers an opportunity to explore how they are employed to undermine US domestic and foreign policies.
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The channel has provided the likes of Alex Jones, Webster Tarpley, David Ray Griffin and Jim Marrs with the opportunity to promote, to an international audience, their ideas about the New World Order, 9/11, the Bilderberg group or the climate change conspiracy, all while being treated with absolute deference by the channel's journalists. Embedded video clips of appearances on Russia Today have become a regular feature on the websites of American conspiracy theorists, where they are brandished as a sign of credibility and mainstream recognition.
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Nowadays, Russia attacks the Western value of rationality and uses the argument of "the second opinion" or plurality of opinions. The phrase "the second opinion" has even become the slogan of RT. For instance, this propaganda channel used the public opinion's contention as to the nature of the Iraq war, to sell itself as an impartial, objective media outlet in the USA. Overall, Russian propaganda involves a clash of political systems, which is more dangerous than the old-school Soviet propaganda.
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Particularly in the wake of the crisis in Ukraine that erupted in 2013–2014, the Kremlin has been accused of orchestrating disinformation campaigns against the Ukrainian government and western countries by using online trolls and state-controlled online outlets such as RT (formerly known as Russia Today), Sputnik and Life News.
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RT, which owns Ruptly news agency, likes to post its raw footage of world events.
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The emphasis on disorientation appears in the literature on modern Russian propaganda, both in inward-focused applications and in its international propaganda outlets, Sputnik and RT (formerly, Russia Today). Here, the purpose is not to convince the audience of any particular truth but instead to make it impossible for people in the society subject to the propagandist's intervention to tell truth from non-truth.
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Almost all important media in Russia are state controlled and used to feed Russian audience with Kremlin propaganda. For international propaganda Kremlin uses agencies like RT and Sputnik. Both are available in many language variations and in many countries (Hansen 2017). Aim of this propaganda is to exploit weak spots and controversial topics (in our case migration to the EU) and use them to harm integrity of the West (Pomerantsev and Weiss 2014).
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The real-world repercussions of these objectives are identified through several forms of attack. The first is through disseminating official Russian state propaganda abroad via foreign language news channels as well as Western media. Most notable is the creation of the very successful government-financed international TV news channel, Russia Today (RT).
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The impact of Russian state-controlled news outlets—which are frequent sources of pro-Kremlin disinformation—is concentrated in one, highly popular news outlet, RT. [...] When it comes to overt reach, the Russian government openly funds English-speaking outlets, such as Sputnik News and RT. These outlets serve as a frequent source of pro-Kremlin disinformation both according to scholars, fact-checkers and Western authorities (BBC, 2019; Elliot, 2019; Thornton, 2015).
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Notorious examples of fake news masquerading as news can be found in reports broadcast on the U.S. cable news channel Fox News (Schram & Fording, 2018) and the Russian international television network RT (Russia Today; Dowling, 2017). Thus, there are also a number of fake news reports published by traditional media outlets (White, 2017), generating a consequent increase in distrust for traditional journalism (Siddique, 2018).
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Some of these stories originated with RT and Sputnik, state-funded Russian information services that mimic the style and tone of independent news organizations yet sometimes include false and misleading stories in their reports, the researchers say. On other occasions, RT, Sputnik and other Russian sites used social-media accounts to amplify misleading stories already circulating online, causing news algorithms to identify them as "trending" topics that sometimes prompted coverage from mainstream American news organizations.
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RT, which owns Ruptly news agency, likes to post its raw footage of world events.
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yahoo.com
news.yahoo.com
- Raphael Satter, Assange interviews Hezbollah leader in TV premiere Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press via Denver Post, 17 April 2012.
yle.fi
- Aro, Jessikka (6 March 2021). "Emilia Seikkanen Worked in a Trendy Video Start-Up in Berlin – Tells All about the Kremlin's Global Information Operation". Yle. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
The company left out the essential information in its job vacancy advertisements: Ruptly is the subsidiary of the Russian state-funded media company RT, formerly Russia Today. It's located in the same office as RT's German media branch, named RT Deutsch.
youtube.com
- Danny Schechter Archived 15 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine interview on RT website. (via YouTube)
- 'US not funding Putin's presidential campaign' Archived 22 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine, RT interview with Ambassador Michael McFaul.
- Glenn Greenwald Archived 17 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine interview on RT website.
zdnet.com
- David Meyer, Russia Today hit by DDoS as anti-Wikileaks group claims responsibility Archived 12 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine, ZDNet, 17 August 2012.