Race and crime in the United Kingdom (English Wikipedia)

Shelley, Louise, ed. (2010), "Human Trafficking in Eurasia and Eastern Europe", Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 174–200, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511760433.010, ISBN 978-0-521-11381-6, retrieved 29 March 2022

cardiff.ac.uk

orca.cardiff.ac.uk

"Understanding who commits hate crime and why they do it" (PDF). Retrieved 1 April 2022.

cityoflondon.police.uk

"Stop Search Figures Overview" (PDF). Retrieved 11 April 2022.

cnn.com

Tutton, Mark (9 July 2019). "UK's 'biggest modern slavery network had 400 victims'". CNN. Retrieved 28 March 2022.

crimeandinvestigation.co.uk

"The biggest crime gangs in Europe". Crime+Investigation UK. 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.

doi.org

Cockbain, Ella (2013). "Grooming and the 'Asian sex gang predator': the construction of a racial crime threat". Race & Class. 54 (4): 22–32. doi:10.1177/0306396813475983. ISSN 0306-3968. S2CID 27814245.
Ben Bowling, Coretta Phillips (2007). "Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search". Modern Law Review. 70 (6): 936–961. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00671.x. S2CID 23235460.
Cockbain, Ella; Tufail, Waqas (2020). "Failing victims, fuelling hate: Challenging the harms of the 'Muslim grooming gangs' narrative". Race & Class. 61 (3): 3–32. doi:10.1177/0306396819895727. S2CID 214197388.
Bowling, Ben; Phillips, Coretta (2007). "Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search". Modern Law Review. 70 (6): 936–961. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00671.x. S2CID 23235460.
Tiratelli, Matteo; Quinton, Paul; Bradford, Ben (13 August 2018). "Does Stop and Search Deter Crime? Evidence From Ten Years of London-wide Data". The British Journal of Criminology. 58 (5): 1212–1231. doi:10.1093/bjc/azx085. ISSN 0007-0955.
Shelley, Louise, ed. (2010), "Human Trafficking in Eurasia and Eastern Europe", Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 174–200, doi:10.1017/CBO9780511760433.010, ISBN 978-0-521-11381-6, retrieved 29 March 2022

economist.com

"Is grooming children for sex a disproportionately Asian crime?". The Economist. 27 October 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 30 March 2022.

equalityhumanrights.com

"Causes and motivations of hate crime" (PDF). 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2022.

ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk

"Ethnicity facts and figures: Stop and search". service.gov.uk. Home Office. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
"Ethnicity facts and figure: Arrests". service.gov.uk. Home Office. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
"Prosecutions and convictions". www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk. 15 September 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
"Stop and search". www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
"Regional ethnic diversity". www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
"Prosecutions and convictions". www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk. 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2022.

fullfact.org

"What do we know about the ethnicity of people involved in sexual offences against children?". Full Fact. 6 September 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2018.

gov.uk

"Review of drugs: summary (accessible version)". GOV.UK. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
"Government strikes deal to remove more Albanian prisoners". GOV.UK. 26 July 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
"National referral mechanism guidance: adult (England and Wales)". GOV.UK. 26 January 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
"2021 UK Annual Report on Modern Slavery (accessible version)". GOV.UK. 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
"Hate crime, England and Wales, 2020 to 2021". GOV.UK. 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
"Hate crime, England and Wales, 2021 to 2022". GOV.UK. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
"Understanding ethnic disparities in involvement in crime – a limited scope rapid evidence review, by Professor Clifford Stott et al". gov.uk.
Home Office (2017a) Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/17 CSEW: Data Tables (Table 3.01 Proportion of 16 to 59 year olds reporting use of drugs in the last year by personal characteristics2, 2016/17); https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/drugmisuse-findings-from-the-2016-to-2017-csew

independent.co.uk

"UK's largest modern slavery gang trafficked more than 400 victims". The Independent. 5 July 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
Barnes, Tom (10 December 2017). "British-Pakistani researchers say grooming gangs are 84% Asian". The Independent. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
White, Nadine (15 February 2022). "'Racism is a problem in Metropolitan Police,' senior officer admits". The Independent. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
Sorious Samura writing in The Independent. "Gang rape: Is it a race issue?". The Independent. 21 June 2009. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
Dearden, Lizzie (9 December 2021). "Twice as many UK terror suspects are white as are Asian". The Independent. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
Dearden, Lizzie (6 February 2022). "Fight against grooming gangs hindered by fear of being branded racist, says official". The Independent. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
"Twice as many UK terror suspects are white as are Asian". The Independent. 9 December 2021.
"Children forming 'new generation of extremists' in UK, Cressida Dick warns". Independent.co.uk. 13 September 2021.
Dearden, Lizzie (12 December 2017). "White people more likely to be carrying drugs when stopped and searched". The Independent. Retrieved 21 April 2022.

insidetime.org

"Albanians top foreign national prisoner table". insidetime & insideinformation. 9 July 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.

ipswichstar.co.uk

Hunt, Tom (5 February 2021). "Ipswich MP: Grooming gangs swept under the rug due to political correctness". Ipswich Star. Retrieved 1 April 2022.

iriss.org.uk

Rania, Hamad (5 December 2019). "Working with people who commit hate crime". Iriss. Retrieved 1 April 2022.

itv.com

"Fears over race relations played a part in tackling grooming gangs, report says". ITV News. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
"Boris Johnson defends stop-and-search as 'important tool' in combating violent crime". itvNews. 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.

justiceinspectorates.gov.uk

"Disproportionate use of police powers" (PDF). 26 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.

legislation.gov.uk

Criminal Justice Act 1991 – Section 95. legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 27 September 2010.

lse.ac.uk

"The Colour of injustice" (PDF). Retrieved 4 April 2022.

nationalarchives.gov.uk

webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk

Hales, Jon; Nevill, Camilla; Pudney, Steve; Tipping, Sarah (November 2009). "Longitudinal analysis of the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey 2003–06" (PDF). Research Report. 19. London: Home Office: 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 November 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010.

nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk

"2020 National Strategic Assessment (NSA) of Serious and Organised Crime". Retrieved 30 March 2022.
"Nearly 7,000 potential victims of slavery and trafficking reported in 2018". www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
"Operation Stovewood: Investigators launch new appeal for victims and witnesses to come forward". www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk. 27 January 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.

parliament.uk

publications.parliament.uk

"Joint Committee On Human Rights Twenty-Sixth Report". 2006. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
"Gang Crime (London)". Hansard. House of Commons. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2010.

committees.parliament.uk

"Oral evidence: The work of the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police Service, HC 560". House of Commons Home Affairs Committee. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2024. Nationally—you probably know the figures—you are four times more likely to be a victim of homicide if you are black and eight times more likely to be a perpetrator.
"Urgent action needed to tackle deep rooted and persistent racial disparities in policing". 30 July 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.

researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk

Grahame Allen, Megan Hardin (14 October 2021). "Terrorism in Great Britain the statistics" (PDF). Retrieved 27 March 2022.

policeprofessional.com

Small, Damien (5 April 2007). "Police Professional Scotland racist incidents rise". Retrieved 31 March 2022.

poverty.org.uk

"Poverty among ethnic groups how and why does it differ?" (PDF). poverty org. New Policy Institute.

pressreader.com

Davis, Matthew (23 January 2022). "Shock rise in Albanian criminals in UK prisons". Retrieved 9 April 2022 – via PressReader.

publishing.service.gov.uk

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk

Group-based Child Sexual Exploitation (PDF). December 2020. Retrieved 14th April 2022
"Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System 2022" (PDF). Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
[1]. Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2018. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 04 February 2021.
Rhydian McCandless, Andy Feist, James Allan and Nick Morgan "Do Initiatives Involving Substantial Increases in Stop and Search Reduce Crime? Assessing the Impact of Operation BLUNT 2" (2016) Home Office [2]

rds.homeoffice.gov.uk

Criminal Justice Act 1991 – Section 95. Home Office. Retrieved 27 September 2010. Archived by the Internet Archive on 9 June 2007.
Sharp, Clare; Budd, Tracey. "Minority ethnic groups and crime: findings from the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey 2003" (PDF). Online Report. 33/05. London: Home Office: V. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
Hales, Jon; Nevill, Camilla; Pudney, Steve; Tipping, Sarah (November 2009). "Longitudinal analysis of the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey 2003–06" (PDF). Research Report. 19. London: Home Office: 23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 November 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010.

reuters.com

Guilbert, Kieran (19 July 2018). "Number of modern slaves estimated 'hidden' in UK rises tenfold to 136,000". Reuters. Retrieved 28 March 2022.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Cockbain, Ella; Tufail, Waqas (2020). "Failing victims, fuelling hate: Challenging the harms of the 'Muslim grooming gangs' narrative". Race & Class. 61 (3): 3–32. doi:10.1177/0306396819895727. S2CID 214197388.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Cockbain, Ella (2013). "Grooming and the 'Asian sex gang predator': the construction of a racial crime threat". Race & Class. 54 (4): 22–32. doi:10.1177/0306396813475983. ISSN 0306-3968. S2CID 27814245.
Ben Bowling, Coretta Phillips (2007). "Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search". Modern Law Review. 70 (6): 936–961. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00671.x. S2CID 23235460.
Cockbain, Ella; Tufail, Waqas (2020). "Failing victims, fuelling hate: Challenging the harms of the 'Muslim grooming gangs' narrative". Race & Class. 61 (3): 3–32. doi:10.1177/0306396819895727. S2CID 214197388.
Bowling, Ben; Phillips, Coretta (2007). "Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search". Modern Law Review. 70 (6): 936–961. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00671.x. S2CID 23235460.

sky.com

news.sky.com

"Black murder victims and suspects: London v UK". Sky News.

sky.com

"Sorry, we have been unable to progress your journey".

socialistworker.co.uk

Robinson, Sadie (10 August 2017). "Sexist attitudes behind police failings in Newcastle abuse case". Retrieved 28 March 2022.

spectator.co.uk

O'Flynn, Patrick (15 December 2020). "The Home Office's grooming report is an exercise in obfuscation | The Spectator". www.spectator.co.uk. Retrieved 1 April 2022.

statista.com

"London: knife crime 2010–2019". Statista. Retrieved 2 August 2021.

statistics.gov.uk

neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk

"Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages)". Office for National Statistics. 14 September 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2010.

stop-watch.org

"Metropolitan Police stop and search statistics | Your Area". StopWatch. Retrieved 19 January 2021.

telegraph.co.uk

Steele, John. "Blair: Black community must oppose gangs". The Daily Telegraph. 12 April 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
Daley, Janet. "It is time to be honest about black crime". The Daily Telegraph. 19 February 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
Alderson, Andrew. "Violent inner-city crime, the figures, and a question of race". The Daily Telegraph. 26 June 2010. Retrieved 23 September 2010.

theguardian.com

Mohdin, Aamna; correspondent, Aamna Mohdin Community affairs (30 November 2022). "Census says 39% of Muslims live in most deprived areas of England and Wales". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 July 2024. {{cite news}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
Sadique, Haroon (6 May 2020). "Trevor Phillips' firm's Origins software linked ethnic groups to crime". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
Grierson, Jamie (15 December 2020). "Most child sexual abuse gangs made up of white men, Home Office report says". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
Robin Bunce, Paul Field (29 November 2010). "Mangrove Nine: the court challenge against police racism in Notting Hill | Robin Bunce and Paul Field". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
Wintour, Patrick; Dodd, Vikram Dodd. "Blair blames spate of murders on black culture", The Guardian. 12 April 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
Dan Sabbagh, Rajeev Syal (9 December 2021). "Record number of children in Britain arrested over terror offences". TheGuardian.com. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
Grierson, Jamie (13 May 2020). "Anti-Asian hate crimes up 21% in UK during coronavirus crisis". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
Kenan Malik (11 November 2018). We’re told 84% of grooming gangs are Asian. But where’s the evidence?. The Guardian. Archived Version
Grierson, Jamie (15 December 2020). "Most child sexual abuse gangs made up of white men, Home Office report says". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
Cockbain, Ella; Tufail, Waqas (19 December 2020). "A new Home Office report admits grooming gangs are not a 'Muslim problem'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
Townsend, Mark (17 October 2010). "Black people are 26 times more likely than whites to face stop and search". The Observer. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
Dodd, Vikram (26 January 2019). "Met police 'disproportionately' use stop and search powers on black people". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
Grierson, Jamie (8 July 2020). "Met carried out 22,000 searches on young black men during lockdown". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
Paige, Jonathan (24 July 2013). "Media coverage of forced labour: exposing Britain's hidden crime". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
Plunkett, John (29 March 2010). "Rod Liddle censured by the PCC". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
Garside, Richard (29 June 2010). "Crime cannot be explained by race". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 September 2010.

thejc.com

Pope, Felix. "Religious hate crimes: Jews in England and Wales account for 17% of all victims". www.thejc.com. Retrieved 29 July 2024.

thetelegraphandargus.co.uk

Young, Chris (13 January 2019). "Why are so many grooming suspects Pakistani men, ask councillors". Bradford Telegraph and Argus. Retrieved 27 March 2022.

thetimes.co.uk

Norfolk, Andrew (11 August 2017). "A disturbing pattern is repeated again, and more cases to come". Retrieved 27 March 2022.
Montague, Brenden (12 November 2006). "The hidden white victims of racism". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
Norfolk, Andrew (28 August 2014). "Rotherham child sex abuse: How the truth finally came out". Retrieved 31 March 2022.
"70% of muggers are black in robbery hotspots". The Times. 2003.
Gadher, Dipesh (14 May 2006). "Cameras set racial poser on car crime". The Times. Retrieved 27 September 2010.

tutor2u.net

"Statistics on Ethnicity and Crime". tutor2u. 18 July 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2022.

unodc.org

"The Role of the Media in Building Images" (PDF). 2008. Retrieved 29 March 2022.

web.archive.org

Criminal Justice Act 1991 – Section 95. Home Office. Retrieved 27 September 2010. Archived by the Internet Archive on 9 June 2007.
Kenan Malik (11 November 2018). We’re told 84% of grooming gangs are Asian. But where’s the evidence?. The Guardian. Archived Version
Cockbain, Ella; Tufail, Waqas (19 December 2020). "A new Home Office report admits grooming gangs are not a 'Muslim problem'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
Liddle, Rod. [3]. The Spectator. 5 December 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
Irvine, Chris. "Rod Liddle accused of racism for blog". The Daily Telegraph. 7 December 2009. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
West, Ed. "By talking frankly about black crime, Rod Liddle is combatting racism, not causing it". The Daily Telegraph. 7 December 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2010.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Ben Bowling, Coretta Phillips (2007). "Disproportionate and Discriminatory: Reviewing the Evidence on Police Stop and Search". Modern Law Review. 70 (6): 936–961. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2007.00671.x. S2CID 23235460.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Mohdin, Aamna; correspondent, Aamna Mohdin Community affairs (30 November 2022). "Census says 39% of Muslims live in most deprived areas of England and Wales". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 July 2024. {{cite news}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
Cockbain, Ella (2013). "Grooming and the 'Asian sex gang predator': the construction of a racial crime threat". Race & Class. 54 (4): 22–32. doi:10.1177/0306396813475983. ISSN 0306-3968. S2CID 27814245.
"Is grooming children for sex a disproportionately Asian crime?". The Economist. 27 October 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
Grierson, Jamie (15 December 2020). "Most child sexual abuse gangs made up of white men, Home Office report says". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
Vaughan, Henry (13 November 2020). "Met Commissioner admits force 'not free of discrimination, racism or bias'". belfasttelegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
Montague, Brenden (12 November 2006). "The hidden white victims of racism". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
Tiratelli, Matteo; Quinton, Paul; Bradford, Ben (13 August 2018). "Does Stop and Search Deter Crime? Evidence From Ten Years of London-wide Data". The British Journal of Criminology. 58 (5): 1212–1231. doi:10.1093/bjc/azx085. ISSN 0007-0955.

yahoo.com

sports.yahoo.com

Morris, James (28 July 2020). "'It's vicious': What it's like living through the UK's coronavirus racism". sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 1 April 2022.