Edward Telles. Race in another America. p. 86: The Brazilian government had sought to dichotomize, or worse, (North) "americanize" racial classification in a society that used and even celebrated intermediate terms.
Edward Telles. Race in Another America: the significance of skin color in Brazil. p. 85.: Thus, they claim that Brazil's informal one-drop rule holds that one drop of White blood allows one to avoid being classified as Black, a tradition that they seek to revert.
books.google.com
Gilberto Freyre. Masters and Slaves (translation of Casa Grande e Senzala). pp. 304–318.
Gilberto Freyre Masters and Slaves. (Translation of Casa Grande e Senzala). p. 92: As for domestic animals to be found among either of the two principal groups – the Tupís and the Gê-Botocudos -, etc.
Johannes Menne Postma, The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade, 1600–1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990; ISBN0-521-36585-6) (here at Google Books).
Kabengele Munanga Uma resposta contra o racismo. In Brasil Autogestinário. Do ponto de vista norteamericano, todos os brasileiros seriam, de acordo com as pesquisas do geneticista Sergio Danilo Pena, considerados negros ou ameríndios, pois todos possuem, em porcentagens variadas, marcadores genéticos africanos e ameríndios, além de europeus, sem dúvida. ("From the American standpoint, all Brazilians would, according to the researches of geneticist Sergio Danilo Pena, be considered Black or Amerindian, for all of them have, in varied proportions, African and Amerindian genetic markers, besides, of course, European ones"))
[3] Here is the dictionary definition: adj. e s.m. Diz-se de, ou quem tem cabelos negros e pele um pouco escura; trigueiro. / Bras. Designação irônica ou eufemística que se dá aos pretos e mulatos. Literally, this means: "(said of) those who have black hair and a somewhat dark skin, of the colour of ripe wheat. / (in Brazil) Ironic or euphemistic designation given to Blacks and Mulattos.
[4] Here is the dictionary definition: adj. e s.m. Diz-se de, ou quem tem cabelos negros e pele um pouco escura; trigueiro. / Bras. Designação irônica ou eufemística que se dá aos pretos e mulatos. Literally, this means: "(said of) those who have black hair and a somewhat dark skin, of the colour of ripe wheat. / (in Brazil) Ironic or euphemistic designation given to Blacks and Mulattos.
Bucciferro, Justin R. (January 1, 2017). "Racial Inequality in Brazil from Independence to the Present". In Bértola, Luis; Williamson, Jeffrey (eds.). Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction?. Springer International Publishing. pp. 171–194. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44621-9_8. ISBN9783319446202.
Collins, John F. (2007). "Recent Approaches in English to Brazilian Racial Ideologies: Ambiguity, Research Methods, and Semiotic Ideologies". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 49 (4): 997–1009. doi:10.1017/s0010417507000837. S2CID146417886.
De Assis Poiares, L; De Sá Osorio, P; Spanhol, F. A.; Coltre, S. C.; Rodenbusch, R; Gusmão, L; Largura, A; Sandrini, F; Da Silva, C. M. (2010). "Allele frequencies of 15 STRs in a representative sample of the Brazilian population". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 4 (2): e61–3. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.05.006. PMID20129458.
Rodrigues de Moura, Ronald; Coelho, Antonio Victor Campos; de Queiroz Balbino, Valdir; Crovella, Sergio; Brandão, Lucas André Cavalcanti (September 10, 2015). "Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries". American Journal of Human Biology. 27 (5): 674–680. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22714. hdl:11368/2837176. PMID25820814. S2CID25051722.
LIMA, Sílvio C.S. Determinismo biológico e imigração chinesa em Nicolau Moreira (1870–1890). 123 p. Dissertation (Master's degree in History of Health Sciences) Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz, 2005. [2]Archived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, p. 104
Mirian Halpern Pereira. Algumas observações complementares sobre a política de emigração portuguesa. In Análise Social, vol. xxv (108–109), 1990 (4.° e 5.°) 735–739: É, porém, provável que, para o Brasil pelo menos, a emigração clandestina documentada tenha sido superior à indocumentada. O que não é nada certo é que ela fosse inteiramente registada como imigração portuguesa. A importância dos portugueses que partiam de Vigo com passaporte falso ficou atestada na muito generalizada designação de "galego" dada aos Portugueses no Rio de Janeiro, principal ponto de desembarque dos Portugueses no século xix.
Rodrigues de Moura, Ronald; Coelho, Antonio Victor Campos; de Queiroz Balbino, Valdir; Crovella, Sergio; Brandão, Lucas André Cavalcanti (September 10, 2015). "Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries". American Journal of Human Biology. 27 (5): 674–680. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22714. hdl:11368/2837176. PMID25820814. S2CID25051722.
"Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - SIDRA". Tabela 2094 - População residente por cor ou raça e religião. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
De Assis Poiares, L; De Sá Osorio, P; Spanhol, F. A.; Coltre, S. C.; Rodenbusch, R; Gusmão, L; Largura, A; Sandrini, F; Da Silva, C. M. (2010). "Allele frequencies of 15 STRs in a representative sample of the Brazilian population". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 4 (2): e61–3. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.05.006. PMID20129458.
Rodrigues de Moura, Ronald; Coelho, Antonio Victor Campos; de Queiroz Balbino, Valdir; Crovella, Sergio; Brandão, Lucas André Cavalcanti (September 10, 2015). "Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries". American Journal of Human Biology. 27 (5): 674–680. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22714. hdl:11368/2837176. PMID25820814. S2CID25051722.
Sérgio Pena et alli. DNA tests probe the genomic ancestry of BraziliansArchived December 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Introduction, first paragraph.: Little is known about the number of indigenous people living in the area of what is now Brazil when the Portuguese arrived in 1500, although a figure often cited is that of 2.5 million individuals.
[1] Maria Stella Ferreira Levy. O papel da migração internacional na evolução da população brasileira (1872 a 1972) p. 50.
Collins, John F. (2007). "Recent Approaches in English to Brazilian Racial Ideologies: Ambiguity, Research Methods, and Semiotic Ideologies". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 49 (4): 997–1009. doi:10.1017/s0010417507000837. S2CID146417886.
Rodrigues de Moura, Ronald; Coelho, Antonio Victor Campos; de Queiroz Balbino, Valdir; Crovella, Sergio; Brandão, Lucas André Cavalcanti (September 10, 2015). "Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries". American Journal of Human Biology. 27 (5): 674–680. doi:10.1002/ajhb.22714. hdl:11368/2837176. PMID25820814. S2CID25051722.
História genética dos gaúchos : dinâmica populacional do sul do Brasil. Our[who?] Y-SNP/STR data globally suggest, however, that the Gaúcho males have more similarity with the Spaniards than with the Portuguese. The history of Rio Grande do Sul is peculiar because, in the Colonial Era, the political control of the region alternated between the Spanish and Portuguese Empires (Flores 2003). These historical events can be associated to our findings, but some caution is needed since differentiation between Iberian Peninsula populations, as well as between them and their derived Latin American populations, at the Y-chromosome level, was not observed in other investigations.[original research?]
Flávia de Ávila, Entrada de Trabalhadores Estrangeiros no Brasil: Evolução Legislativa e Políticas Subjacentes nos Séculos XIX e XX. PhD thesis. Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2003. pp 30. (Available here [1.21MB PDF file].)
Flávia de Ávila, Entrada de Trabalhadores Estrangeiros no Brasil. (Available here [1.21MB PDF file].), p. 31-32: Ser estrangeiro significava, em primazia, qualquer indivíduo que não fosse súdito da Coroa portuguesa, e os poucos que viviam no Brasil o faziam mais por razões aventureiras e individuais que coletivas ou resultantes de providências governamentais para aportarem em terras coloniais.
un.org
unstats.un.org
United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division. Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses. item 2.162, p. 162.: The subjective nature of the term (not to mention increasing intermarriage among various groups in some countries, for example) requires that information on ethnicity be acquired through self-declaration of a respondent and also that respondents have the option of indicating multiple ethnic affiliations.
Sérgio Pena et alli. DNA tests probe the genomic ancestry of BraziliansArchived December 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Introduction, first paragraph.: Little is known about the number of indigenous people living in the area of what is now Brazil when the Portuguese arrived in 1500, although a figure often cited is that of 2.5 million individuals.
LIMA, Sílvio C.S. Determinismo biológico e imigração chinesa em Nicolau Moreira (1870–1890). 123 p. Dissertation (Master's degree in History of Health Sciences) Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz, 2005. [2]Archived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, p. 104
"Regiões do Brasil". 5 January 2008. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
