Ramadan (English Wikipedia)

Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad (28 January 2009). "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain (28 June 2009). "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain (28 June 2009). "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2391". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad (28 January 2009). "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 032 (Praying at Night during Ramadhan), Hadith 238". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain. "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2632". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
"Sahih Muslim Book 006, Hadith Number 2361". Hadith Collection. Archived from the original on 4 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain (2009). "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2415". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari, AbdAllah-Muhammad (2009). "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 144". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.

hilalsighting.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hilal Sighting & Islamic Dates: Issues and Solution Insha'Allaah Archived 6 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Hilal Sighting Committee of North America (website Archived 31 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine). Retrieved 19 August 2009.

hindustantimes.com (Global: 128^th place; English: 76^th place)

"Ramadan 2020: Unique and bizarre Ramzan practices". Hindustan Times. 23 April 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2024.

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212^th place; English: 141^st place)

Ramadan 2015: Facts, History, Dates, Greeting And Rules About The Muslim Fast Archived 10 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Huffington Post, 15 June 2015

huffpost.com (Global: 558^th place; English: 364^th place)

See article "How Long Muslims Fast For Ramadan Around The World" -Huffpost.com /31 July 2014 and article "Fasting Hours of Ramadan 2014" -Onislam.net / 29 June 2014 and article "The true spirit of Ramadan" -Gulfnews.com /31 July 2014

indonesiaexpat.biz (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cook, Erin (19 June 2017). "The Ramadan Productivity Drop And How To Overcome It". Indonesia Expat.

iqranetwork.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Isra (3 March 2023). "Your Ramadan Quran Reading is Important". Learn Quran online, Arabic & Islamic Studies Online | IQRA Network. Retrieved 1 March 2025.

irna.ir (Global: 936^th place; English: 2,967^th place)

"قم در سالروز شهادت امام علی(ع) به سوگ نشست" [Qom mourns on anniversary of Imam Ali's (AS) martyrdom] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.

islamhelpline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Tarawih Prayer a Nafl or Sunnah". Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.

jakartaglobe.id (Global: 9,937^th place; English: 6,688^th place)

"This Is How Indonesia Welcomes Ramadan". Jakarta Globe. 4 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2019.

jawapos.com (Global: 3,344^th place; English: 5,109^th place)

"Muslims in Xinjiang begin Ramadan". Jawa Pos, Antara (in Indonesian). 14 April 2021.

khaleejtimes.com (Global: 2,537^th place; English: 1,489^th place)

Saifudeen, Yousuf (12 June 2016). "Diverse traditions that welcome the holy month in Indonesia". Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.

kuwaittimes.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"KD 100 fine, one month prison for public eating, drinking". Friday Times. Kuwait Times Newspaper. 21 August 2009. Archived from the original on 7 January 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2009.

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Levy, Faye; Levy, Yakir (21 July 2012). "Ramadan's high note is often a dip". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.

lewissilkinemployment.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lewis Silkin (26 April 2016). "Lewis Silkin – Ramadan – employment issues". lewissilkinemployment.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.

lexico.com (Global: 2,946^th place; English: 2,042^nd place)

"Ramadan". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020.

malaysiakini.com (Global: 2,604^th place; English: 2,619^th place)

"Come see China Muslim culture for yourselves, embassy says". Malaysiakini. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

matasejarah.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sejarah, Mata. "Tradisi Dugderan di Kota Semarang". Mata Sejarah (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

"Ramadan". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871. Retrieved 15 May 2019.

moi.gov.kw (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Press release by Kuwait Ministry of Interior" (Press release). Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2019.

moonsighting.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ramadan and Eidian". Committee For Crescent Observation. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.

moroccoworldnews.com (Global: 4,090^th place; English: 2,973^rd place)

"Morocco's Penal Code and Public Eating in Ramadan". moroccoworldnews.com. 6 June 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
Latrech, Oumaima (27 April 2022). "Ramadan: 80 Moroccans Arrested for Publicly Eating in Casablanca". moroccoworldnews.com. Retrieved 29 April 2022.

mysanantonio.com (Global: 3,758^th place; English: 1,989^th place)

Fletcher Stoeltje, Melissa (22 August 2009). "Muslims fast and feast as Ramadan begins". San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved 22 July 2012.

nbn-resolving.de (Global: 1,834^th place; English: 8,390^th place)

Islam und Schule: Handreichung für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer an Berliner Schulen. Bildung für Berlin : Politische Bildung (in German). Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin ZLB. Senatsbibliothek. 2010. OCLC 824393822.

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

Cagnassola, Mary Ellen (6 May 2021). "170 mosques destroyed in China's Xinjiang crackdown, Australian think tank says". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

ngrguardiannews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Garba, Kabir Alabi (4 July 2014). "Muslims observe Ramadan, clerics explain significance". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 16 July 2014.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Abolaban, H.; Al-Moujahed, A. (2017). "Muslim patients in Ramadan: A review for primary care physicians". Avicenna J Med. 7 (3): 81–87. doi:10.4103/ajm.AJM_76_17. ISSN 2231-0770. PMC 5525471. PMID 28791239.
Glazier, JD; Hayes, DJL; Hussain, S; D'Souza, SW; Whitcombe, J; Heazell, AEP; Ashton, N (25 October 2018). "The effect of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 18 (1): 421. doi:10.1186/s12884-018-2048-y. PMC 6202808. PMID 30359228.
Mirghani, HM; Hamud, OA (January 2006). "The effect of maternal diet restriction on pregnancy outcome". American Journal of Perinatology. 23 (1): 21–24. doi:10.1055/s-2005-923435. PMID 16450268. S2CID 260001799.
Shariatpanahi, Z. Vahdat, et al. "Effect of Ramadan fasting on some indices of insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in healthy male adults". British Journal of Nutrition 100.1 (2008): 147–151.
Sadeghirad B, Motaghipisheh S, Kolahdooz F, Zahedi MJ, Haghdoost AA (2014). "Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Public Health Nutr. 17 (2): 396–406. doi:10.1017/S1368980012005046. PMC 10282472. PMID 23182306.
Azizi F (2010). "Islamic fasting and health". Ann. Nutr. Metab. 56 (4): 273–282. doi:10.1159/000295848. PMID 20424438. S2CID 13428042.
Emami-Naini A, Roomizadeh P, Baradaran A, Abedini A, Abtahi M (August 2013). "Ramadan fasting and patients with renal diseases: A mini review of the literature". J Res Med Sci. 18 (8). Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences: 711–716. ISSN 1735-1995. PMC 3872613. PMID 24379850.
Zerguini, Yacine; Kirkendall, Donald; Junge, Astrid; Dvorak, Jiri (1 June 2007). "Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 41 (6): 398–400. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.032037. ISSN 0306-3674. PMC 2465333. PMID 17224435.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Abolaban, H.; Al-Moujahed, A. (2017). "Muslim patients in Ramadan: A review for primary care physicians". Avicenna J Med. 7 (3): 81–87. doi:10.4103/ajm.AJM_76_17. ISSN 2231-0770. PMC 5525471. PMID 28791239.
Glazier, JD; Hayes, DJL; Hussain, S; D'Souza, SW; Whitcombe, J; Heazell, AEP; Ashton, N (25 October 2018). "The effect of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy on perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 18 (1): 421. doi:10.1186/s12884-018-2048-y. PMC 6202808. PMID 30359228.
Sadeghirad B, Motaghipisheh S, Kolahdooz F, Zahedi MJ, Haghdoost AA (2014). "Islamic fasting and weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Public Health Nutr. 17 (2): 396–406. doi:10.1017/S1368980012005046. PMC 10282472. PMID 23182306.
Emami-Naini A, Roomizadeh P, Baradaran A, Abedini A, Abtahi M (August 2013). "Ramadan fasting and patients with renal diseases: A mini review of the literature". J Res Med Sci. 18 (8). Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences: 711–716. ISSN 1735-1995. PMC 3872613. PMID 24379850.
Zerguini, Yacine; Kirkendall, Donald; Junge, Astrid; Dvorak, Jiri (1 June 2007). "Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 41 (6): 398–400. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.032037. ISSN 0306-3674. PMC 2465333. PMID 17224435.

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

"Breaking Pakistan's Ramadan Fasting Laws Has Serious Consequences". NPR.org. NPR.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Stack, Liam (29 April 2022). "Why Ramadan Generates Millions in Charitable Giving Every Year". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
Sims, Calvin (19 December 2000). "Jakarta Journal; It's Ramadan. School Is Out. Quick, the Earplugs!". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
"Ideas & Trends: Ramadan Nights; Traditions Old (Fasting) and New (Soap Operas)". New York Times. 23 November 2003.
Donadio, Rachel (9 December 2007). "Interstellar Ramadan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 5 December 2019.

ottawacitizen.com (Global: 3,214^th place; English: 1,685^th place)

See article by Imam Mohamad Jebara "The fasting of Ramadan is not meant to punish" Archived 7 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine

pakistantoday.com.pk (Global: 3,408^th place; English: 1,766^th place)

archive.pakistantoday.com.pk

"No restriction over Muslims to observe Ramzan in Xinjiang: JI spokesperson". Pakistan Today. 2 July 2016. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

pewresearch.org (Global: 1,516^th place; English: 983^rd place)

"Most Muslims say they fast during Ramadan". Pew Research Center. 9 July 2013. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.

pjmhsonline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Indrayani, Suharti (2018). "How do Muslims consume dates?" (PDF). Pakistani Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 12: 1732–1743. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2020.

poskod.my (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Hard and Fast Rules of Ramadan". Poskod Malaysia. 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.

quran.com (Global: 3,554^th place; English: 2,180^th place)

Quran 2:184

ramadan.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"What is the Islamic calendar?". FAQ - For Muslims. Ramadan Awareness Campaign. Archived from the original on 9 September 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2008.

rfa.org (Global: 1,640^th place; English: 2,234^th place)

Shohret Hoshur; Joshua Lipes (14 May 2020). "Residents of Uyghur-Majority County in Xinjiang Ordered to Report Others Fasting During Ramadan". Radio Free Asia. Translated by Elise Anderson, Alim Seytoff. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
Hoshur, Shohret (18 March 2025). "China forces Uyghurs to show video proof they are not fasting during Ramadan". Radio Free Asia.

saudiaramcoworld.com (Global: 9,512^th place; English: 8,392^nd place)

"Ramadan in the Farthest North". Saudi Aramco World. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Mirghani, HM; Hamud, OA (January 2006). "The effect of maternal diet restriction on pregnancy outcome". American Journal of Perinatology. 23 (1): 21–24. doi:10.1055/s-2005-923435. PMID 16450268. S2CID 260001799.
Azizi F (2010). "Islamic fasting and health". Ann. Nutr. Metab. 56 (4): 273–282. doi:10.1159/000295848. PMID 20424438. S2CID 13428042.

shine.yahoo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Cochran, Sylvia (8 August 2011). "How to decorate for Ramadan". Yahoo-Shine. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2012.

sun-sentinel.com (Global: 986^th place; English: 495^th place)

articles.sun-sentinel.com

Davis, James D. (8 August 2010). "Ramadan: Muslims feast and fast during holy month". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012.

sunnah.com (Global: 5,302^nd place; English: 4,506^th place)

"Book of Fasting – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.

tastingtable.com (Global: low place; English: 6,109^th place)

Aquitaine, Ellanor (1 March 2023). "25 Traditional Dishes Enjoyed For Ramadan Around The Globe". Tasting Table. Retrieved 18 February 2026.

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

Hyslop, Leah (24 July 2012). "Ramadan warning for expats in Saudi Arabia". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Espinoza, Javier (3 June 2016). "Schools say Muslim students 'should break Ramadan fast' to avoid bad grades". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022.

tgmresearch.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"TGM Global Ramadan Insights 2023| Data and Statistics". TGM Research. Retrieved 17 February 2026.^{[dead link]}

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

Kassam, Ashifa (3 July 2016). "Arctic Ramadan: fasting in land of midnight sun comes with a challenge". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
Ramadan in numbers Archived 12 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 10 July 2013, The Guardian
Hasan, Rumy (3 July 2015). "The costs of Ramadan need to be counted". The Guardian.

thejakartapost.com (Global: 1,159^th place; English: 839^th place)

Maryono, Agus; Endi, Severianus (7 July 2014). "On the hunt for delectable snacks". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.

thenational.ae (Global: 3,188^th place; English: 4,888^th place)

Taryam Al Subaihi (29 July 2012). "The spirit of Ramadan is here, but why is it still so dark?". The National. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.

thenationalnews.com (Global: 1,153^rd place; English: 616^th place)

"China region bans Muslims from fasting during Ramadan". The National, Agence France Presse. 1 August 2012.

timeanddate.com (Global: 1,890^th place; English: 1,640^th place)

"Eid al-Fitr in the United States". Timeanddate.com. Retrieved 9 May 2021.

timesofoman.com (Global: low place; English: 7,724^th place)

"Ramadan working hours announced in Oman". Times of Oman. 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
"Ramadan working hours announced for public and private sectors". Times of Oman. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.

todaysdietitian.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

El-Zibdeh, Dr. Nour (August 2009). "Understanding Muslim Fasting Practices". todaysdietitian.com. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.

tuc.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gilfillan, Scott (3 May 2019). "Supporting Muslim colleagues during Ramadan". TUC. Retrieved 6 August 2019.

uu.nl (Global: 3,118^th place; English: 2,672^nd place)

webspace.science.uu.nl

"The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia". Webspace.science.uu.nl. Retrieved 10 March 2024.

vox.com (Global: 697^th place; English: 420^th place)

"Ramadan 2019: 9 questions about the Muslim holy month you were too embarrassed to ask". Vox. 6 June 2016.

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

Help for the Heavy at Ramadan Archived 20 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post, 27 September 2008

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Ramadan". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020.
"Ramadan | Islam, Fasting, Timing, Traditions, Rules, Meanings, Iftar, & Eid al-Fitr | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 12 February 2026. Retrieved 22 February 2026.
"Schools – Religions". BBC. Archived from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad (28 January 2009). "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain (28 June 2009). "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
"Ramadan in the Farthest North". Saudi Aramco World. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
See article by Imam Mohamad Jebara "The fasting of Ramadan is not meant to punish" Archived 7 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine
Kassam, Ashifa (3 July 2016). "Arctic Ramadan: fasting in land of midnight sun comes with a challenge". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain (28 June 2009). "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2391". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
"Was ist Ramadan? - Diegebetszeiten.de". 26 April 2020. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2025.
al-Uthaymeen, Shaikh Saalih. Explanation of the Three Fundamental Principles of Islam (Salafi): Sharh Usool ath-Thalatha of Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahaab. Salafi Books. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020.
"What is the Islamic calendar?". FAQ - For Muslims. Ramadan Awareness Campaign. Archived from the original on 9 September 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2008.
"Ramadan and Eidian". Committee For Crescent Observation. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
Hilal Sighting & Islamic Dates: Issues and Solution Insha'Allaah Archived 6 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Hilal Sighting Committee of North America (website Archived 31 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine). Retrieved 19 August 2009.
Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad (28 January 2009). "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari, AbdAllah-Muhammad. "Sahih Bukhari – Book 032 (Praying at Night during Ramadhan), Hadith 238". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain. "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2632". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
"Ruling on Voluntary Fasting After The Month of Ramadan: Eid Day(s) And Ash-Shawaal". EsinIslam, Arab News & Information – By Adil Salahi. 11 September 2010. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
"Sahih Muslim Book 006, Hadith Number 2361". Hadith Collection. Archived from the original on 4 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
"Book of Fasting – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
"Ramadan to start May 27 or May 28". aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
Why Ramadan brings us together Archived 30 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine; BBC, 1 September 2008
Help for the Heavy at Ramadan Archived 20 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post, 27 September 2008
Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain (2009). "Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2415". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Ibn-Ismail-Bukhari, AbdAllah-Muhammad (2009). "Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 144". hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Indrayani, Suharti (2018). "How do Muslims consume dates?" (PDF). Pakistani Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 12: 1732–1743. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2020.
El-Zibdeh, Dr. Nour (August 2009). "Understanding Muslim Fasting Practices". todaysdietitian.com. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
Levy, Faye; Levy, Yakir (21 July 2012). "Ramadan's high note is often a dip". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
Davis, James D. (8 August 2010). "Ramadan: Muslims feast and fast during holy month". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
"Tarawih Prayer a Nafl or Sunnah". Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
"Muslims begin fasting for Ramadan". ABC News. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
Taryam Al Subaihi (29 July 2012). "The spirit of Ramadan is here, but why is it still so dark?". The National. Archived from the original on 31 July 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
Cochran, Sylvia (8 August 2011). "How to decorate for Ramadan". Yahoo-Shine. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
"This Is How Indonesia Welcomes Ramadan". Jakarta Globe. 4 May 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
Sejarah, Mata. "Tradisi Dugderan di Kota Semarang". Mata Sejarah (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
Sims, Calvin (19 December 2000). "Jakarta Journal; It's Ramadan. School Is Out. Quick, the Earplugs!". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
"Understanding the Religious Holiday Allowance THR in Indonesia". Emerhub. 6 December 2018. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
Maryono, Agus; Endi, Severianus (7 July 2014). "On the hunt for delectable snacks". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
Saifudeen, Yousuf (12 June 2016). "Diverse traditions that welcome the holy month in Indonesia". Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
Ramadan 2015: Facts, History, Dates, Greeting And Rules About The Muslim Fast Archived 10 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Huffington Post, 15 June 2015
"Most Muslims say they fast during Ramadan". Pew Research Center. 9 July 2013. Archived from the original on 14 November 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
"Egypt's tourism minister 'confirms' alcohol prohibition on Islamic holidays beyond Ramadan Archived 11 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine," Al-Ahram, 22 July 2012.
"Press release by Kuwait Ministry of Interior" (Press release). Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
"KD 100 fine, one month prison for public eating, drinking". Friday Times. Kuwait Times Newspaper. 21 August 2009. Archived from the original on 7 January 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
"Ramadan in Saudi Arabia: Taking it to heart". The Economist. 11 June 2016. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
Hyslop, Leah (24 July 2012). "Ramadan warning for expats in Saudi Arabia". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2019.
Ramadan in numbers Archived 12 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine, 10 July 2013, The Guardian
"Algerians jailed for breaking Ramadan fast". Al Arabiya News. 7 October 2008. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008.
"The Hard and Fast Rules of Ramadan". Poskod Malaysia. 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
Salama, Samir (16 July 2009). "New penalty for minor offences in UAE". Gulf News. Dubai, UAE: Al Nisr Publishing LLC. Archived from the original on 1 March 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
Cagnassola, Mary Ellen (6 May 2021). "170 mosques destroyed in China's Xinjiang crackdown, Australian think tank says". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
"No restriction over Muslims to observe Ramzan in Xinjiang: JI spokesperson". Pakistan Today. 2 July 2016. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
"Ramadan working hours announced in Oman". Times of Oman. 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
"Ramadan working hours announced for public and private sectors". Times of Oman. 10 June 2015. Archived from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
"The Working Muslim in Ramadan" (PDF). Working Muslim. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
Lewis Silkin (26 April 2016). "Lewis Silkin – Ramadan – employment issues". lewissilkinemployment.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
"Reasonable Accommodations for Ramadan? Lessons From 2 EEOC Cases". Free Enterprise. 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
"EEOC And Electrolux Reach Settlement in Religious Accommodation Charge Brought By Muslim Employees". eeoc.gov. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
Employment Issues During Ramadan – The Gulf Region; Archived 4 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine, DLA Piper Middle East.

workingmuslim.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Working Muslim in Ramadan" (PDF). Working Muslim. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

"Ramadan". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
Lowry, Joseph (2024). "Quranic Law and Its 'Biblical' Intertexts". Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques. 78 (3): 448. doi:10.1515/asia-2023-0017. ISSN 2235-5871.
Esposito, John L. (2003). The Oxford dictionary of Islam. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512558-4. OCLC 50280143.
Goldstein, Darra (April 2015). The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-931361-7. OCLC 905969818.
Sims, Calvin (19 December 2000). "Jakarta Journal; It's Ramadan. School Is Out. Quick, the Earplugs!". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 6 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
Donadio, Rachel (9 December 2007). "Interstellar Ramadan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
Abolaban, H.; Al-Moujahed, A. (2017). "Muslim patients in Ramadan: A review for primary care physicians". Avicenna J Med. 7 (3): 81–87. doi:10.4103/ajm.AJM_76_17. ISSN 2231-0770. PMC 5525471. PMID 28791239.
Islam und Schule: Handreichung für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer an Berliner Schulen. Bildung für Berlin : Politische Bildung (in German). Zentral- und Landesbibliothek Berlin ZLB. Senatsbibliothek. 2010. OCLC 824393822.
Emami-Naini A, Roomizadeh P, Baradaran A, Abedini A, Abtahi M (August 2013). "Ramadan fasting and patients with renal diseases: A mini review of the literature". J Res Med Sci. 18 (8). Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences: 711–716. ISSN 1735-1995. PMC 3872613. PMID 24379850.
Zerguini, Yacine; Kirkendall, Donald; Junge, Astrid; Dvorak, Jiri (1 June 2007). "Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 41 (6): 398–400. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.032037. ISSN 0306-3674. PMC 2465333. PMID 17224435.

Ramadan (English Wikipedia)

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364th place; English: 2,759th place)

ahram.org.eg (Global: 1,074th place; English: 1,150th place)

english.ahram.org.eg

alarabiya.net (Global: 793rd place; English: 1,027th place)

english.alarabiya.net

alarabiya.net

albawaba.com (Global: 4,836th place; English: 3,892nd place)

aljazeera.com (Global: 165th place; English: 119th place)

aljazeera.net (Global: 636th place; English: 1,094th place)

aljazeera.net

learning.aljazeera.net

antaranews.com (Global: 1,300th place; English: 1,838th place)

apnews.com (Global: 101st place; English: 62nd place)

arabnews.com (Global: 1,427th place; English: 906th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

banglapedia.org (Global: 1,103rd place; English: 806th place)

en.banglapedia.org

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11th place; English: 10th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26th place; English: 23rd place)

bmj.com (Global: 1,341st place; English: 1,425th place)

bjsm.bmj.com

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

cbc.ca (Global: 110th place; English: 65th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36th place; English: 26th place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831st place; English: 1,216th place)

dailytimes.com.pk (Global: 2,061st place; English: 1,071st place)

degruyter.com (Global: 927th place; English: 757th place)

diegebetszeiten.de (Global: low place; English: low place)

dlapiper.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

dw.com (Global: 205th place; English: 320th place)

economist.com (Global: 331st place; English: 272nd place)

eeoc.gov (Global: low place; English: low place)

embracerelief.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

emerhub.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

esinislam.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

euronews.com (Global: 587th place; English: 729th place)

findlaw.com (Global: 2,070th place; English: 1,114th place)

blogs.findlaw.com

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

go.com (Global: 97th place; English: 79th place)

abcnews.go.com

gulfnews.com (Global: 972nd place; English: 600th place)

hadithcollection.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hilalsighting.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

hindustantimes.com (Global: 128th place; English: 76th place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212th place; English: 141st place)

huffpost.com (Global: 558th place; English: 364th place)

indonesiaexpat.biz (Global: low place; English: low place)

iqranetwork.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

irna.ir (Global: 936th place; English: 2,967th place)

islamhelpline.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

jakartaglobe.id (Global: 9,937th place; English: 6,688th place)

jawapos.com (Global: 3,344th place; English: 5,109th place)

khaleejtimes.com (Global: 2,537th place; English: 1,489th place)

kuwaittimes.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

latimes.com (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

lewissilkinemployment.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lexico.com (Global: 2,946th place; English: 2,042nd place)

malaysiakini.com (Global: 2,604th place; English: 2,619th place)

matasejarah.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425th place; English: 373rd place)

moi.gov.kw (Global: low place; English: low place)

moonsighting.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

moroccoworldnews.com (Global: 4,090th place; English: 2,973rd place)

mysanantonio.com (Global: 3,758th place; English: 1,989th place)

nbn-resolving.de (Global: 1,834th place; English: 8,390th place)

newsweek.com (Global: 371st place; English: 235th place)

ngrguardiannews.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

npr.org (Global: 114th place; English: 75th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

ottawacitizen.com (Global: 3,214th place; English: 1,685th place)

pakistantoday.com.pk (Global: 3,408th place; English: 1,766th place)

archive.pakistantoday.com.pk

pewresearch.org (Global: 1,516th place; English: 983rd place)

ahdictionary.com (Global: 4,364^th place; English: 2,759^th place)

ahram.org.eg (Global: 1,074^th place; English: 1,150^th place)

alarabiya.net (Global: 793^rd place; English: 1,027^th place)

albawaba.com (Global: 4,836^th place; English: 3,892^nd place)

aljazeera.com (Global: 165^th place; English: 119^th place)

aljazeera.net (Global: 636^th place; English: 1,094^th place)

antaranews.com (Global: 1,300^th place; English: 1,838^th place)

apnews.com (Global: 101^st place; English: 62^nd place)

arabnews.com (Global: 1,427^th place; English: 906^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

banglapedia.org (Global: 1,103^rd place; English: 806^th place)

bbc.co.uk (Global: 11^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 26^th place; English: 23^rd place)

bmj.com (Global: 1,341^st place; English: 1,425^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cbc.ca (Global: 110^th place; English: 65^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; English: 1,216^th place)

dailytimes.com.pk (Global: 2,061^st place; English: 1,071^st place)

degruyter.com (Global: 927^th place; English: 757^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

dw.com (Global: 205^th place; English: 320^th place)

economist.com (Global: 331^st place; English: 272^nd place)

euronews.com (Global: 587^th place; English: 729^th place)

findlaw.com (Global: 2,070^th place; English: 1,114^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

go.com (Global: 97^th place; English: 79^th place)

gulfnews.com (Global: 972^nd place; English: 600^th place)

hindustantimes.com (Global: 128^th place; English: 76^th place)

huffingtonpost.com (Global: 212^th place; English: 141^st place)

huffpost.com (Global: 558^th place; English: 364^th place)

irna.ir (Global: 936^th place; English: 2,967^th place)

jakartaglobe.id (Global: 9,937^th place; English: 6,688^th place)

jawapos.com (Global: 3,344^th place; English: 5,109^th place)

khaleejtimes.com (Global: 2,537^th place; English: 1,489^th place)

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

lexico.com (Global: 2,946^th place; English: 2,042^nd place)

malaysiakini.com (Global: 2,604^th place; English: 2,619^th place)

merriam-webster.com (Global: 425^th place; English: 373^rd place)

moroccoworldnews.com (Global: 4,090^th place; English: 2,973^rd place)

mysanantonio.com (Global: 3,758^th place; English: 1,989^th place)

nbn-resolving.de (Global: 1,834^th place; English: 8,390^th place)

newsweek.com (Global: 371^st place; English: 235^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

npr.org (Global: 114^th place; English: 75^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

ottawacitizen.com (Global: 3,214^th place; English: 1,685^th place)

pakistantoday.com.pk (Global: 3,408^th place; English: 1,766^th place)

pewresearch.org (Global: 1,516^th place; English: 983^rd place)

quran.com (Global: 3,554^th place; English: 2,180^th place)

rfa.org (Global: 1,640^th place; English: 2,234^th place)

saudiaramcoworld.com (Global: 9,512^th place; English: 8,392^nd place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

sun-sentinel.com (Global: 986^th place; English: 495^th place)

sunnah.com (Global: 5,302^nd place; English: 4,506^th place)

tastingtable.com (Global: low place; English: 6,109^th place)

telegraph.co.uk (Global: 40^th place; English: 27^th place)

theguardian.com (Global: 16^th place; English: 11^th place)

thejakartapost.com (Global: 1,159^th place; English: 839^th place)

thenational.ae (Global: 3,188^th place; English: 4,888^th place)

thenationalnews.com (Global: 1,153^rd place; English: 616^th place)

timeanddate.com (Global: 1,890^th place; English: 1,640^th place)

timesofoman.com (Global: low place; English: 7,724^th place)

uu.nl (Global: 3,118^th place; English: 2,672^nd place)

vox.com (Global: 697^th place; English: 420^th place)

washingtonpost.com (Global: 35^th place; English: 24^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)