Randomness (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Randomness" in English language version.

Last modified: 22:02:11, 7 October 2025 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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99doi.org

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77nih.gov

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66semanticscholar.org

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44adsabs.harvard.edu

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33arxiv.org

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32web.archive.org

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22worldcat.org

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22academia.edu

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21dictionary.com

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21auckland.ac.nz

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21nytimes.com

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11fas.harvard.edu

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11hu-berlin.de

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11ted.com

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11archive.org

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11fu-berlin.de

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11phys.org

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11psu.edu

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11uncc.edu

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11lbl.gov

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11books.google.com

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11ciphersbyritter.com

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academia.edu (Global: 105^th place; English: 99^th place)

Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël; Kauffman, Stuart (1 January 2012). "No entailing laws, but enablement in the evolution of the biosphere". Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation. GECCO '12. New York, NY, US: ACM. pp. 1379–1392. arXiv:1201.2069. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.701.3838. doi:10.1145/2330784.2330946. ISBN 9781450311786. S2CID 15609415. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël (1 October 2013). "Extended criticality, phase spaces and enablement in biology". Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. Emergent Critical Brain Dynamics. 55: 64–79. Bibcode:2013CSF....55...64L. doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2013.03.008. S2CID 55589891.

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Zeilinger, Anton; Aspelmeyer, Markus; Żukowski, Marek; Brukner, Časlav; Kaltenbaek, Rainer; Paterek, Tomasz; Gröblacher, Simon (April 2007). "An experimental test of non-local realism". Nature. 446 (7138): 871–875. arXiv:0704.2529. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..871G. doi:10.1038/nature05677. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 17443179. S2CID 4412358.
Monroe, J. Grey; Srikant, Thanvi; Carbonell-Bejerano, Pablo; Becker, Claude; Lensink, Mariele; Exposito-Alonso, Moises; Klein, Marie; Hildebrandt, Julia; Neumann, Manuela; Kliebenstein, Daniel; Weng, Mao-Lun; Imbert, Eric; Ågren, Jon; Rutter, Matthew T.; Fenster, Charles B.; Weigel, Detlef (February 2022). "Mutation bias reflects natural selection in Arabidopsis thaliana". Nature. 602 (7895): 101–105. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..101M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04269-6. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8810380. PMID 35022609.
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël (1 October 2013). "Extended criticality, phase spaces and enablement in biology". Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. Emergent Critical Brain Dynamics. 55: 64–79. Bibcode:2013CSF....55...64L. doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2013.03.008. S2CID 55589891.
Pironio, S.; et al. (2010). "Random Numbers Certified by Bell's Theorem". Nature. 464 (7291): 1021–1024. arXiv:0911.3427. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1021P. doi:10.1038/nature09008. PMID 20393558. S2CID 4300790.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Hansen, Mogens Herman (1991). The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes. Wiley. p. 230. ISBN 9780631180173.

arxiv.org (Global: 49^th place; English: 31^st place)

Zeilinger, Anton; Aspelmeyer, Markus; Żukowski, Marek; Brukner, Časlav; Kaltenbaek, Rainer; Paterek, Tomasz; Gröblacher, Simon (April 2007). "An experimental test of non-local realism". Nature. 446 (7138): 871–875. arXiv:0704.2529. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..871G. doi:10.1038/nature05677. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 17443179. S2CID 4412358.
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël; Kauffman, Stuart (1 January 2012). "No entailing laws, but enablement in the evolution of the biosphere". Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation. GECCO '12. New York, NY, US: ACM. pp. 1379–1392. arXiv:1201.2069. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.701.3838. doi:10.1145/2330784.2330946. ISBN 9781450311786. S2CID 15609415. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Pironio, S.; et al. (2010). "Random Numbers Certified by Bell's Theorem". Nature. 464 (7291): 1021–1024. arXiv:0911.3427. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1021P. doi:10.1038/nature09008. PMID 20393558. S2CID 4300790.

auckland.ac.nz (Global: 3,907^th place; English: 2,379^th place)

cs.auckland.ac.nz

Cristian S. Calude, (2017). "Quantum Randomness: From Practice to Theory and Back" in "The Incomputable Journeys Beyond the Turing Barrier" Editors: S. Barry Cooper, Mariya I. Soskova, 169–181, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43669-2_11.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Reichenbach, Bruce (1990). The Law of Karma: A Philosophical Study. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-349-11899-1.

ciphersbyritter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Terry Ritter, Randomness tests: a literature survey. ciphersbyritter.com

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672^nd place; English: 1,248^th place)

"Definition of randomness | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2019.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Hans Jürgen Prömel (2005). "Complete Disorder is Impossible: The Mathematical Work of Walter Deuber". Combinatorics, Probability and Computing. 14 (1–2). Cambridge University Press: 3–16. doi:10.1017/S0963548304006674. S2CID 37243306.
Zeilinger, Anton; Aspelmeyer, Markus; Żukowski, Marek; Brukner, Časlav; Kaltenbaek, Rainer; Paterek, Tomasz; Gröblacher, Simon (April 2007). "An experimental test of non-local realism". Nature. 446 (7138): 871–875. arXiv:0704.2529. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..871G. doi:10.1038/nature05677. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 17443179. S2CID 4412358.
Monroe, J. Grey; Srikant, Thanvi; Carbonell-Bejerano, Pablo; Becker, Claude; Lensink, Mariele; Exposito-Alonso, Moises; Klein, Marie; Hildebrandt, Julia; Neumann, Manuela; Kliebenstein, Daniel; Weng, Mao-Lun; Imbert, Eric; Ågren, Jon; Rutter, Matthew T.; Fenster, Charles B.; Weigel, Detlef (February 2022). "Mutation bias reflects natural selection in Arabidopsis thaliana". Nature. 602 (7895): 101–105. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..101M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04269-6. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8810380. PMID 35022609.
Belfield, Eric J.; Ding, Zhong Jie; Jamieson, Fiona J.C.; Visscher, Anne M.; Zheng, Shao Jian; Mithani, Aziz; Harberd, Nicholas P. (January 2018). "DNA mismatch repair preferentially protects genes from mutation". Genome Research. 28 (1): 66–74. doi:10.1101/gr.219303.116. PMC 5749183. PMID 29233924.
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël; Kauffman, Stuart (1 January 2012). "No entailing laws, but enablement in the evolution of the biosphere". Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation. GECCO '12. New York, NY, US: ACM. pp. 1379–1392. arXiv:1201.2069. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.701.3838. doi:10.1145/2330784.2330946. ISBN 9781450311786. S2CID 15609415. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël (1 October 2013). "Extended criticality, phase spaces and enablement in biology". Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. Emergent Critical Brain Dynamics. 55: 64–79. Bibcode:2013CSF....55...64L. doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2013.03.008. S2CID 55589891.
Breathnach, A. S. (1982). "A long-term hypopigmentary effect of thorium-X on freckled skin". British Journal of Dermatology. 106 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00897.x. PMID 7059501. S2CID 72016377. The distribution of freckles seems entirely random, and not associated with any other obviously punctuate anatomical or physiological feature of skin.
Martin-Löf, Per (1966). "The definition of random sequences". Information and Control. 9 (6): 602–619. doi:10.1016/S0019-9958(66)80018-9.
Pironio, S.; et al. (2010). "Random Numbers Certified by Bell's Theorem". Nature. 464 (7291): 1021–1024. arXiv:0911.3427. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1021P. doi:10.1038/nature09008. PMID 20393558. S2CID 4300790.

fas.harvard.edu (Global: 2,293^rd place; English: 2,027^th place)

people.fas.harvard.edu

Third Workshop on Monte Carlo Methods, Jun Liu, Professor of Statistics, Harvard University

fu-berlin.de (Global: 3,170^th place; English: 4,291^st place)

mi.fu-berlin.de

Reinert, Knut (2010). "Concept: Types of algorithms" (PDF). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 20 November 2019.

hu-berlin.de (Global: 3,223^rd place; English: 4,751^st place)

edoc.hu-berlin.de

Hans Jürgen Prömel (2005). "Complete Disorder is Impossible: The Mathematical Work of Walter Deuber". Combinatorics, Probability and Computing. 14 (1–2). Cambridge University Press: 3–16. doi:10.1017/S0963548304006674. S2CID 37243306.

lbl.gov (Global: 3,154^th place; English: 3,216^th place)

"Are the digits of pi random? researcher may hold the key". Lbl.gov. 23 July 2001. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2012.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zeilinger, Anton; Aspelmeyer, Markus; Żukowski, Marek; Brukner, Časlav; Kaltenbaek, Rainer; Paterek, Tomasz; Gröblacher, Simon (April 2007). "An experimental test of non-local realism". Nature. 446 (7138): 871–875. arXiv:0704.2529. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..871G. doi:10.1038/nature05677. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 17443179. S2CID 4412358.
Monroe, J. Grey; Srikant, Thanvi; Carbonell-Bejerano, Pablo; Becker, Claude; Lensink, Mariele; Exposito-Alonso, Moises; Klein, Marie; Hildebrandt, Julia; Neumann, Manuela; Kliebenstein, Daniel; Weng, Mao-Lun; Imbert, Eric; Ågren, Jon; Rutter, Matthew T.; Fenster, Charles B.; Weigel, Detlef (February 2022). "Mutation bias reflects natural selection in Arabidopsis thaliana". Nature. 602 (7895): 101–105. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..101M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04269-6. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8810380. PMID 35022609.
Belfield, Eric J.; Ding, Zhong Jie; Jamieson, Fiona J.C.; Visscher, Anne M.; Zheng, Shao Jian; Mithani, Aziz; Harberd, Nicholas P. (January 2018). "DNA mismatch repair preferentially protects genes from mutation". Genome Research. 28 (1): 66–74. doi:10.1101/gr.219303.116. PMC 5749183. PMID 29233924.
Breathnach, A. S. (1982). "A long-term hypopigmentary effect of thorium-X on freckled skin". British Journal of Dermatology. 106 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00897.x. PMID 7059501. S2CID 72016377. The distribution of freckles seems entirely random, and not associated with any other obviously punctuate anatomical or physiological feature of skin.
Pironio, S.; et al. (2010). "Random Numbers Certified by Bell's Theorem". Nature. 464 (7291): 1021–1024. arXiv:0911.3427. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1021P. doi:10.1038/nature09008. PMID 20393558. S2CID 4300790.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Monroe, J. Grey; Srikant, Thanvi; Carbonell-Bejerano, Pablo; Becker, Claude; Lensink, Mariele; Exposito-Alonso, Moises; Klein, Marie; Hildebrandt, Julia; Neumann, Manuela; Kliebenstein, Daniel; Weng, Mao-Lun; Imbert, Eric; Ågren, Jon; Rutter, Matthew T.; Fenster, Charles B.; Weigel, Detlef (February 2022). "Mutation bias reflects natural selection in Arabidopsis thaliana". Nature. 602 (7895): 101–105. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..101M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04269-6. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8810380. PMID 35022609.
Belfield, Eric J.; Ding, Zhong Jie; Jamieson, Fiona J.C.; Visscher, Anne M.; Zheng, Shao Jian; Mithani, Aziz; Harberd, Nicholas P. (January 2018). "DNA mismatch repair preferentially protects genes from mutation". Genome Research. 28 (1): 66–74. doi:10.1101/gr.219303.116. PMC 5749183. PMID 29233924.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Johnson, George (8 June 2008). "Playing the Odds". The New York Times.

phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

"Study challenges evolutionary theory that DNA mutations are random". U.C. Davis. Retrieved 12 February 2022.

psu.edu (Global: 299^th place; English: 159^th place)

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël; Kauffman, Stuart (1 January 2012). "No entailing laws, but enablement in the evolution of the biosphere". Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation. GECCO '12. New York, NY, US: ACM. pp. 1379–1392. arXiv:1201.2069. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.701.3838. doi:10.1145/2330784.2330946. ISBN 9781450311786. S2CID 15609415. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Hans Jürgen Prömel (2005). "Complete Disorder is Impossible: The Mathematical Work of Walter Deuber". Combinatorics, Probability and Computing. 14 (1–2). Cambridge University Press: 3–16. doi:10.1017/S0963548304006674. S2CID 37243306.
Zeilinger, Anton; Aspelmeyer, Markus; Żukowski, Marek; Brukner, Časlav; Kaltenbaek, Rainer; Paterek, Tomasz; Gröblacher, Simon (April 2007). "An experimental test of non-local realism". Nature. 446 (7138): 871–875. arXiv:0704.2529. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..871G. doi:10.1038/nature05677. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 17443179. S2CID 4412358.
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël; Kauffman, Stuart (1 January 2012). "No entailing laws, but enablement in the evolution of the biosphere". Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation. GECCO '12. New York, NY, US: ACM. pp. 1379–1392. arXiv:1201.2069. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.701.3838. doi:10.1145/2330784.2330946. ISBN 9781450311786. S2CID 15609415. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Longo, Giuseppe; Montévil, Maël (1 October 2013). "Extended criticality, phase spaces and enablement in biology". Chaos, Solitons & Fractals. Emergent Critical Brain Dynamics. 55: 64–79. Bibcode:2013CSF....55...64L. doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2013.03.008. S2CID 55589891.
Breathnach, A. S. (1982). "A long-term hypopigmentary effect of thorium-X on freckled skin". British Journal of Dermatology. 106 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00897.x. PMID 7059501. S2CID 72016377. The distribution of freckles seems entirely random, and not associated with any other obviously punctuate anatomical or physiological feature of skin.
Pironio, S.; et al. (2010). "Random Numbers Certified by Bell's Theorem". Nature. 464 (7291): 1021–1024. arXiv:0911.3427. Bibcode:2010Natur.464.1021P. doi:10.1038/nature09008. PMID 20393558. S2CID 4300790.

ted.com (Global: 2,839^th place; English: 2,020^th place)

Ted.com, (May 2016). The origin of countless conspiracy theories

uncc.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

webpages.uncc.edu

Yongge Wang: Randomness and Complexity. PhD Thesis, 1996. http://webpages.uncc.edu/yonwang/papers/thesis.pdf

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Definition of randomness | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
"Are the digits of pi random? researcher may hold the key". Lbl.gov. 23 July 2001. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2012.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Zeilinger, Anton; Aspelmeyer, Markus; Żukowski, Marek; Brukner, Časlav; Kaltenbaek, Rainer; Paterek, Tomasz; Gröblacher, Simon (April 2007). "An experimental test of non-local realism". Nature. 446 (7138): 871–875. arXiv:0704.2529. Bibcode:2007Natur.446..871G. doi:10.1038/nature05677. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 17443179. S2CID 4412358.
Monroe, J. Grey; Srikant, Thanvi; Carbonell-Bejerano, Pablo; Becker, Claude; Lensink, Mariele; Exposito-Alonso, Moises; Klein, Marie; Hildebrandt, Julia; Neumann, Manuela; Kliebenstein, Daniel; Weng, Mao-Lun; Imbert, Eric; Ågren, Jon; Rutter, Matthew T.; Fenster, Charles B.; Weigel, Detlef (February 2022). "Mutation bias reflects natural selection in Arabidopsis thaliana". Nature. 602 (7895): 101–105. Bibcode:2022Natur.602..101M. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04269-6. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8810380. PMID 35022609.

Randomness (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

arxiv.org (Global: 49th place; English: 31st place)

auckland.ac.nz (Global: 3,907th place; English: 2,379th place)

cs.auckland.ac.nz

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

ciphersbyritter.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

dictionary.com (Global: 1,672nd place; English: 1,248th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

fas.harvard.edu (Global: 2,293rd place; English: 2,027th place)